scholarly journals Influence of Hunger on Olfactory Acuity

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 197 (4862) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. BERG ◽  
R. M. PANGBORN ◽  
E. B. ROESSLER ◽  
A. D. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Acuity

scholarly journals Olfactory acuity in theropods: palaeobiological and evolutionary implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darla K Zelenitsky ◽  
François Therrien ◽  
Yoshitsugu Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

This research presents the first quantitative evaluation of the olfactory acuity in extinct theropod dinosaurs. Olfactory ratios (i.e. the ratio of the greatest diameter of the olfactory bulb to the greatest diameter of the cerebral hemisphere) are analysed in order to infer the olfactory acuity and behavioural traits in theropods, as well as to identify phylogenetic trends in olfaction within Theropoda. A phylogenetically corrected regression of olfactory ratio to body mass reveals that, relative to predicted values, the olfactory bulbs of (i) tyrannosaurids and dromaeosaurids are significantly larger, (ii) ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorids are significantly smaller, and (iii) ceratosaurians, allosauroids, basal tyrannosauroids, troodontids and basal birds are within the 95% CI. Relative to other theropods, olfactory acuity was high in tyrannosaurids and dromaeosaurids and therefore olfaction would have played an important role in their ecology, possibly for activities in low-light conditions, locating food, or for navigation within large home ranges. Olfactory acuity was the lowest in ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorids, suggesting a reduced reliance on olfaction and perhaps an omnivorous diet in these theropods. Phylogenetic trends in olfaction among theropods reveal that olfactory acuity did not decrease in the ancestry of birds, as troodontids, dromaeosaurids and primitive birds possessed typical or high olfactory acuity. Thus, the sense of smell must have remained important in primitive birds and its presumed decrease associated with the increased importance of sight did not occur until later among more derived birds.

Social Olfaction: A Review of the Role of Olfaction in a Variety of Animal Behaviors

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Cheal ◽  
Richard L. Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Animal Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Behavior Of Animals

Behavioral olfactory experiments were reviewed, relating the behavioral effects of pheromones to the psychophysical work in olfaction. Short descriptions of various experiments were used to show the importance of olfaction to the social behavior of animals by tracing the history of the experimental evidence and viewing the behavioral data pertaining to the discharge of pheromones and their effects and to look at the psychophysical evidence for olfactory acuity and the behavioral implications for the role of the physiological structures in olfaction.

scholarly journals Can hibernators sense and evade fires? Olfactory acuity and locomotor performance during deep torpor

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowack ◽  
Marine Delesalle ◽  
Clare Stawski ◽  
Fritz Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Olfactory Acuity

Odor Perception

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Tonoike
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Though olfaction is one of the necessary senses and indispensable for the maintenance of the life of the animal, the mechanism of olfaction had not yet been understood well compared with other sensory systems such as vision and audition. However, recently, the most basic principle of “signal transduction on the reception and transmission for the odor” has been clarified. Therefore, the important next problem is how the information of odors about is processed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and how odor is perceived in the human brain. In this chapter, the basic olfactory systems in animal and human are described and examples such as “olfactory acuity, threshold, adaptation, and olfactory disorders” are discussed. The mechanism of olfactory information processing is described under the results obtained by using a few new non-invasive measuring methods. In addition, from a few recent studies, it is shown that olfactory neurophysiological information is passing through some deep central regions of the brain before finally being processed in the orbito-frontal areas.

Altered Olfactory Acuity in the Morbidly Obese

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynn E. Richardson ◽  
Eric A. Vander Woude ◽  
Ranjan Sudan ◽  
Jon S. Thompson ◽  
Donald A. Leopold
Keyword(s):  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Olfactory Acuity

Nasal Airway Resistance and Olfactory Acuity Following Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Watanabe ◽  
H. Suzuki ◽  
T. Oshima ◽  
N. Tanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance ◽  
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Menstrual effects on asymmetrical olfactory acuity

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOT E. PURDON ◽  
SUZANNE KLEIN ◽  
PIERRE FLOR-HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Gender specific discrepancies on psychometric examination are often interpreted to reflect static differences in cerebral hemisphere specialization, but dynamic alterations relating to circulating gonadal hormones may also be relevant after puberty. The often cited inference of a right hemisphere advantage in males and left hemisphere advantage in females derived from small but reliable differences on spatial tasks and verbal tasks, for example, may to some extent relate to gender-specific differences in circulating gonadal hormones. Performance fluctuations on other higher order cognitive tasks through the menstrual cycle tend to support a temporal association between alterations in cerebral laterality and hormone fluctuations. A potential left hemisphere advantage after menstruation when estrogen and progesterone levels are high in contrast to a right hemisphere advantage at menstruation when estrogen and progesterone levels are low has also received support from shifts in visual field perception. The present investigation continues this line of work by measurement of prospective changes in unirhinal olfactory acuity in the menstrual, ovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 11 healthy women who agreed to blood assays of estradiol and progesterone prior to completing a modified version of the Connecticut Chemosensory Perception Exam (CCPE). The CCPE detection of n-butanol showed a clear pattern of changes over the menstrual cycle marked by an asymmetry favoring the right nostril during menstruation when estradiol and progesterone levels were low, an asymmetry favoring the left nostril during ovulation when estradiol levels were high and progresterone levels were low, and an absence of asymmetry during the midluteal phase when estradiol levels decreased and progesterone levels increased. Preliminary correlation analyses revealed a potential competitive influence of estradiol and progesterone on this apparent shift in cerebral laterality. There is thus sufficient evidence to conclude that dynamic changes in relative cerebral hemisphere advantages have a temporal relation to fluctuations in circulating gonadal hormones and to suggest the value of additional investigation of more specific causal relations. (JINS, 2001, 7, 703–709.)

Relationship between Olfactory Acuity and Peak Expiratory Flow during Postoperative Follow-up in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Associated with Asthma

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Ikeda ◽  
Hidenori Yokoi ◽  
Takeshi Kusunoki ◽  
Tatuya Saitoh ◽  
Toru Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Smell Test ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Objectives The link between nasal and bronchial disease has been studied extensively for chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma. The concept of “united airway allergy” has become widely accepted in the past decade. We evaluated the relationship between the upper and lower airways during follow-up after endoscopic sinus surgery by monitoring sinonasal and pulmonary functions. Methods Thirty-nine subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with bronchial asthma were entered in this study. A self smell test using stick-type odorant materials was carried out daily to evaluate postoperative recurrence of sinonasal disease. Each patient was assessed for peak expiratory flow (PEF) 3 times daily. Results The average (±SD) scores of initial symptoms were 8.3 ± 2.2, which was significantly decreased to 1.5 ± 1.4 by 3 months after operation. During postoperative follow-up, 25 of 39 patients showed no decrease in PEF, whereas the other 14 patients had at least 1 episode of a significant decline in PEF. In the postoperative course, with respect to the self smell test, 24 patients showed no aggravation of smell, but 15 patients had episode(s) of decreased olfaction. Twelve patients demonstrated worsening on the smell test concomitant with a decreased PEF. A discrepancy between olfactory acuity and pulmonary function was recognized in 5 patients. There were 22 patients with a good prognosis of parameters of both the upper and lower airways. Conclusions Daily monitoring of both upper and lower respiratory tract functions clearly revealed dual relationships, indicating that worsening of sinusitis accompanies asthma exacerbation. Appropriate measures of the upper and lower airways following endoscopic sinus surgery can be used to predict patient outcome.

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