Past warmth drives glacial melting

Abstract Anthropogenic pollution strongly affects glacial microbiological communities and promotes glacial melting. In the early stages of glacial melting formation of small cylindrical holes (cryoconite) occurs. While the microbiome of cryoconite is well described, the effect of anthropogenic pollution on cryoconite microbiological communities still has not been fully understood. Thus, we performed an unbiased functional comparison of the cryoconite communities from the highly polluted Caucasian glaciers and from less polluted glaciers in Novaya Zemlya. For this purpose, we used the shotgun metaproteomics approach which has not been used for cryoconite microbiome analysis previously. We identified 475 protein groups, a third of which were found in both glaciers. Cryoconites in both glaciers have similar microbiological communities with Cyanobacteria as dominant phyla. Nevertheless, we found a slight shift from the dominance of phototrophic Cyanobacteria in Novaya Zemlya to heterotrophic bacteria in the Caucasus. We assume that it might be caused by anthropogenic pollution, but other factors such as differences in seasonal dynamics of microbiological communities should be tested in the future.

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Enhanced Himalayan Glacial Melting During YD and H1 Recorded in the Northern Bay of Bengal

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems ◽

10.1029/2018gc008065 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Syee Weldeab ◽

Carsten Rühlemann ◽

Bodo Bookhagen ◽

Francesco S. R. Pausata ◽

Fabiola M. Perez‐Lua

Keyword(s):

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Glacial Melting ◽

Northern Bay Of Bengal

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Changes in Major Global River Discharges Directed into the Ocean

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16081469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoqing Shi ◽

Tianling Qin ◽

Hanjiang Nie ◽

Baisha Weng ◽

Shan He

Keyword(s):

Human Activities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Global Climate ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Contribution Rate ◽

Monsoon Climate ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Change Rate ◽

Glacial Melting

Under the influence of global climate change, the discharges of major global rivers directed into the ocean have undergone significant changes. To study the trends and causes in discharge variation, we selected 40 large rivers and analyzed their annual discharges near their estuaries from 1960 to 2010. The method of runoff variation attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for large-scale basins was developed, in which influencing factors of human activities and glacial melting factors were added to the formula. The contribution rate of climate factors and human activities to changes in discharge were quantitatively identified. Climatic factors include precipitation, evapotranspiration and glacial melting. Human activity factors include underlying surface and artificial water transfer. The contribution rate is determined by the elastic coefficient, which is obtained by the ratio of change rate of each factor and the change rate of runoff. The results indicated that the discharges predominantly showed downward trends with a few upward trends. Rivers in North America and Africa showed downward trends, and those in Europe principally showed upward trends. Climate was the main influencing factor of discharges changes, and only approximately 25% of river discharges were greatly affected by human activities. River discharges in 75% of the basins which mainly contains subtropical monsoon humid climate and savanna climate zones showed upward trends. In the four basins which are mainly contains tropical rainforest climate and tropical monsoon climate, they all showed downward trends. The trend of discharges in the temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, and temperate maritime climate cannot be accurately judged because of irregular variation. The discharges in the mid-high latitudinal zones predominantly showed upward trends, while those in the mid-low latitudinal zones with the influence of human activities showed downward trends.

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Effects of black carbon and mineral dust on glacial melting on the Muz Taw glacier, Central Asia

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 140056 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yulan Zhang ◽

Tanguang Gao ◽

Shichang Kang ◽

Michael Sprenger ◽

Shu Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Mineral Dust ◽

Glacial Melting

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Can increased glacial melting resulting from global change provide attached algae with transient protection against high irradiance?

Freshwater Biology ◽

10.1111/fwb.12431 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 2290-2302 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nicolás Martyniuk ◽

Beatriz Modenutti ◽

Esteban G. Balseiro

Keyword(s):

Global Change ◽

High Irradiance ◽

Attached Algae ◽

Glacial Melting

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Accelerated lake expansion on the Tibetan Plateau in the 2000s: Induced by glacial melting or other processes?

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1002/2013wr014724 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 3170-3186 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Chunqiao Song ◽

Bo Huang ◽

Keith Richards ◽

Linghong Ke ◽

Vu Hien Phan

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Glacial Melting

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The Effect of Salmon Food-Derived DOM and Glacial Melting on Activity and Diversity of Free-Living Bacterioplankton in Chilean Patagonian Fjords

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.772900 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Paulina Montero ◽

Marcelo H. Gutiérrez ◽

Giovanni Daneri ◽

Bárbara Jacob

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Organic Enrichment ◽

Phytoplankton Production ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Free Living ◽

Autochthonous Organic Matter ◽

Southern Patagonia ◽

Glacial Melting ◽

Patagonian Fjords

Fjord ecosystems cycle and export significant amounts of carbon and appear to be extremely sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic perturbations. To identify patterns of microbial responses to ongoing natural and human-derived changes in the fjords of Chilean Patagonia, we examined the effect of organic enrichment associated with salmon aquaculture and freshening produced by glacial melting on bacterial production (BP), extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA), and community diversity of free-living bacterioplankton. We assayed the effects of salmon food-derived dissolved organic matter (SF-DOM) and meltwaters through microcosm experiments containing waters from Puyuhuapi Fjord and the proglacial fjords of the Southern Patagonia Icefield, respectively. Rates of BP and EEA were 2 times higher in the presence of SF-DOM than in controls, whereas the addition of autochthonous organic matter derived from diatoms (D-DOM) resulted in rates of BP and EEA similar to those measured in the controls. The addition of SF-DOM also reduced species richness and abundance of a significant fraction of the representative taxa of bacterioplankton of Puyuhuapi Fjord. In the proglacial fjords, bacterioplankton diversity was reduced in areas more heavily influenced by meltwaters and was accompanied by moderate positive changes in BP and EEA. Our findings strongly suggest that SF-DOM is highly reactive, promoting enhanced rates of microbial activity while could be influencing the diversity of bacterioplankton communities in Patagonian fjords with a strong salmon farming activity. These findings challenge the traditional view of phytoplankton production as the primary source of labile DOM that fuels heterotrophic activity in coastal ecosystems impacted by anthropogenic organic enrichment. Given the intensive local production of salmon, we analyze the significance of this emerging source of rich “allochthonous” organic substrates for autotrophic/heterotrophic balance, carbon exportation, and hypoxia in Patagonian fjords. The effect of human DOM enrichment can be enhanced in proglacial fjords, where progressive glacial melting exerts additional selective pressure on bacterioplankton diversity.

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