A detailed analysis of the role of K-ras gene mutation in the progression of colorectal adenoma

Background: Dermatophytosis is commonly encountered in the dermatological clinics. The main aetiological agents in dermatophytosis of skin and nails in humans are Trichophyton (T.) rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale (former T. mentagrophytes-complex). Terbinafine therapy is usually effective in eradicating infections due to these species by inhibiting their squalene epoxidase (SQLE) enzyme, but increasing numbers of clinically resistant cases and mutations in the SQLE gene have been documented recently. Resistance to antimycotics is phenotypically determined by antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). However, AFST is not routinely performed for dermatophytes and no breakpoints classifying isolates as susceptible or resistant are available, making it difficult to interpret the clinical impact of a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Summary: PubMed was systematically searched for terbinafine susceptibility testing of dermatophytes on October 20, 2020, by two individual researchers. The inclusion criteria were in vitro terbinafine susceptibility testing of Trichophyton (T.) rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale with the broth microdilution technique. The exclusion criteria were non-English written papers. Outcomes were reported as MIC range, geometric mean, modal MIC and MIC50 and MIC90 in which 50 or 90% of isolates were inhibited, respectively. The reported MICs ranged from <0.001 to >64 mg/L. The huge variation in MIC is partly explained by the heterogeneity of the Trichophyton isolates, where some originated from routine specimens (wild types) whereas others came from non-responding patients with a known SQLE gene mutation. Another reason for the great variation in MIC is the use of different AFST methods where MIC values are not directly comparable. High MICs were reported particularly in isolates with SQLE gene mutation. The following SQLE alterations were reported: F397L, L393F, L393S, H440Y, F393I, F393V, F415I, F415S, F415V, S443P, A448T, L335F/A448T, S395P/A448T, L393S/A448T, Q408L/A448T, F397L/A448T, I121M/V237I and H440Y/F484Y in terbinafine-resistant isolates.

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Factors that Impede or Facilitate Post-Conflict Justice Mechanisms?

International Criminal Law Review ◽

10.1163/157181212x633262 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 193-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dawn L. Rothe ◽

Scott Maggard

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Empirical Testing ◽

Power Politics ◽

The Past ◽

Post Conflict

This article provides an overview of post-conflict justice (PCJ) as well as a detailed analysis of factors that impede or facilitate the implementation of mechanisms to address the atrocities of a conflict. Grounded in an extensive new dataset, developed over the past three years, covering all conflicts in Africa between 1946 and 2009, we extend previous research by including empirical testing of previously untested assumptions and variables impacting PCJ, most notably, the role of power, politics, economics, and geo-strategic interests at the state and international political levels as well as combining previously tested variables amongst and between each other. Further, the aspects of PCJ, including conflicts where mechanisms were not deployed are included in the analysis along with those coded as symbolic in nature. We conclude by discussing the pragmatic issues associated with testing the concept of realpolitik and policy implications based on our analysis.

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The History of the Creation of the VII State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (Review)

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-2-128-135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135

Author(s):

K. S. Guzev

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Main Text ◽

Scien Tists ◽

History Of ◽

Points Of View ◽

The Creation ◽

Objective Necessity

Introduction. The objective necessity of the appearance of this code of laws for the pharmaceu-tical industry is shown. The proofs of the readiness of all branches of pharmacy to develop the text of the Pharmacopoeia, taking into account modern international requirements for scientific and practical activities in the development, manufacture and production of medicines, are presented.Text. The work presents the history of the creation of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The sequence of steps for the formation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission, the stages of its activities for the preparation of the updated text of the Pharmacopoeia is described, a detailed analysis of the prepared text is given in comparison with the current Pharmacopoeia of the VI edition (1910). Various points of view of experts on the content of the main text are cited, which served as the basis for the new document. The role of domestic scien-tists-pharmacists in the development and publication of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR is evaluated.Conclusion. The role of the Pharmacopoeia Commission in the timely development of the text of the new edition of the State Pharmacopoeia is emphasized. The fact of its wide discussion among experts and the novelty of the approach, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the entire industry, are noted.

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MODERN SUBMISSION OF FORMATION, COMPOSITION AND ROLE OF ORAL (DENTAL) BIOFILM IN DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202008132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 1761-1764

Author(s):

Maria O. Stetsyk ◽

Andriy O. Stetsyk ◽

Natalia I. Zhero ◽

Eugene Y. Kostenko ◽

Svetlana B. Kostenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Current Trends ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Depth Study

The aim: To investigate current trends in the study of oral biofilm and its control. Materials and methods: A research of 32 literature sources has been made and it has been taken into account that some terminological differences in determining objects of study. Conclusions: Detailed analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature argues the necessity of further in-depth study of oral biofilms. Understanding the ethiological factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases gives the opportunity to treat targetly by destroying complicated sections of the vital activities and oral biofilm microorganisms relationships.

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A Novel SRY Pathogenic Variant from a 46,XY Female Harboring a Nonsense Point Mutation (G to A) in Position 293

10.22541/au.162333505.56991546/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shengfang Qin ◽

Xueyan Wang ◽

Yunxing Li

Keyword(s):

Point Mutation ◽

Gene Mutation ◽

Molecular Diagnosis ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Pathogenic Variant ◽

Sry Gene ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Common Cause ◽

Xy Female

SRY gene mutation is a common cause of 46,XY female. We report a 46,XY female with a novel mutation of SRY c.293G>A (p.Trp98ter). Our report provides evidence for a pathogenic role of the SRY gene c.293G>A mutation in an individual and enlarges the spectrum of molecular diagnosis for these patients.

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