Possible relationship of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele to prostate cancer

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 and ε2 alleles to learning and memory performances in the nondemented oldest old. Forty-six nondemented persons aged 85 years or over from a randomly selected group of 128 subjects in Vantaa, Finland, were studied. ApoE genotyping was performed using the minisequencing technique. A structured clinical examination and interview were carried out. The test variables studied were learning and memory scores (from the Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation), verbal fluency, and conceptualization (the Similarities subtest of the WAIS-R). We compared apoE-ε4 carriers to noncarriers and apoE-ε2 carriers to noncarrirs. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the test variables. The results failed to confirm the hypotheses that poor cognitive performance is associated with the apoE-ε4 allele and good performance with the apoE-ε2 allele in the oldest old. This suggests that the apoE alleles do not have a detectable relationship to learning and memory in nondemented very elderly people.

Download Full-text

Differences Between APOE Carriers and Non-APOE Carriers on Neurocognitive Tests: Jensen Effects?

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/1533317518765895 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 353-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jan te Nijenhuis ◽

Kyu Yeong Choi ◽

Yu Yong Choi ◽

Jang Jae Lee ◽

Eun Hyun Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

At Risk ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Test Scores ◽

General Intelligence ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Neurocognitive Tests ◽

Ε4 Allele ◽

The Difference

Background: Being a carrier of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a clear risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On some neurocognitive tests, there are smaller differences between carriers and noncarriers, while other tests show larger differences. Aims: We explore whether the size of the difference between carriers and noncarriers is a function of how well the tests measure general intelligence, so whether there are Jensen effects. Methods: We used the method of correlated vectors on 441 Korean older adults at risk for AD and 44 with AD. Results: Correlations between APOE carriership and test scores ranged from −.05 to .11 (normal), and −.23 to .54 (AD). The differences between carriers and noncarriers were Jensen effects: r = .31 and r = .54, respectively. Conclusion: A composite neurocognitive score may show a clearer contrast between APOE carriers and noncarriers than a large number of scores of single neurocognitive tests.

Download Full-text

Apolipoprotein E genotype and major depression in a community of older adults. The Cache County Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702007201 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

D. C. STEFFENS ◽

M. C. NORTON ◽

A. D. HART ◽

I. SKOOG ◽

C. CORCORAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Late Onset ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Genetic Locus ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Ε4 Allele ◽

Cache County ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background. The role of allelic variation in APOE, the genetic locus for apolipoprotein E, in geriatric depression is poorly understood. There are conflicting reports as to an association between the ε4 allele and depression in late life.Method. Using a community based study of non-demented elders in Cache County, Utah, that included many very old individuals, we examined the relationship between APOE and late-onset (age >60) depression, with particular attention to possible age effects.Results. There was no overall association between APOE and depression. However, there was a significant interaction effect of APOE and age such that the relationship of late-onset depression with respect to presence of the ε4 allele was larger among those 80 and older compared with those below age 80. Consistent with previous studies, women were more likely to experience late-onset depression than men.Conclusions. Because we excluded prevalent cases of dementia, this pattern of relative risk with age may reflect the appearance of depressive symptoms as a prodrome of Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. Longitudinal studies should help to confirm or refute this explanation of the data.

Download Full-text

Apolipoprotein E ε4/4 genotype limits response to dietary induction of hyperhomocysteinemia and resulting inflammatory signaling

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x211069006 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 0271678X2110690

Author(s):

Charles E Seaks ◽

Erica M Weekman ◽

Tiffany L Sudduth ◽

Kevin Xie ◽

Brandi Wasek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Late Onset ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Perivascular Inflammation ◽

Ε4 Allele ◽

Barrier Breakdown ◽

The Impact

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer’s disease. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a lipid transporting lipoprotein found within the brain and periphery. The APOE ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s disease and is a risk factor for VCID. Our lab has previously utilized a dietary model of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) to induce VCID pathology and cognitive deficits in mice. This diet induces perivascular inflammation through cumulative oxidative damage leading to glial mediated inflammation and blood brain barrier breakdown. Here, we examine the impact of ApoE ε4 compared to ε3 alleles on the progression of VCID pathology and inflammation in our dietary model of HHcy. We report a significant resistance to HHcy induction in ε4 mice, accompanied by a number of related differences related to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and methylation cycle, or 1-C, metabolites. There were also significant differences in inflammatory profiles between ε3 and ε4 mice, as well as significant reduction in Serpina3n, a serine protease inhibitor associated with ApoE ε4, expression in ε4 HHcy mice relative to ε4 controls. Finally, we find evidence of pervasive sex differences within both genotypes in response to HHcy induction.

Download Full-text

Apolipoprotein E allele 4 is not a sufficient or a necessary predictor of the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.02.009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Heun ◽

U. Gühne ◽

T. Luck ◽

M.C. Angermeyer ◽

U. Ueberham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Target Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Initial Development ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Ε4 Allele

AbstractThe presence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and of an apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 allele both predict the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the extent to which this allele also predicts the development of MCI is unclear even though MCI is an early transitional stage in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The present study investigates the prevalence of the apoE ε4 allele in incipient MCI. Participants were recruited from the population-based Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+). All subjects who were initially cognitively healthy, i.e. did not meet MCI criteria described by Petersen [Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment. J Intern Med 2004; 256(3): 183–94], and whose apoE status could be determined were followed-up. After 4.5 years, 15.5% of the cognitively healthy target population had developed MCI. The frequencies of the apoE ε4 genotype did not differ between individuals with incipient MCI (12.9%) and individuals who remained cognitively healthy during the study (18.4%, p > 0.5). Consequently, the apoE ε4 genotype is not a necessary or sufficient risk factor for MCI. Further studies need to investigate the influence of the whole range of genetic and environmental risk factors on the course of Alzheimer's disease including the initial development of MCI and the later conversion to Alzheimer's disease.

Download Full-text

Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms are associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility in a Northwest China Han population

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20171088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li-li Zhao ◽

Gang Su ◽

Li-xia Chen ◽

Qi Yan ◽

Xue-ping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Small Vessel Disease ◽

Northwest China ◽

Large Artery ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Han Population ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Ε4 Allele

Ischemic stroke (IS), the leading neurology cause of death and disability worldwide, is influenced by gene polymorphisms. To explore the association between IS and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms, a case–control study containing 513 IS patients and 514 controls without IS was conducted in a Northwest China Han population. MassARRAY iPLEX system was applied to determine the APOE polymorphisms according to the alleles of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOE, rs429358, and rs7412. The results showed that rs429358 and rs7412 were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both cases and controls groups. APOE ε4 allele, ε4/ε4 genotype, and ε4-containing genotypes were associated with IS. According to the results of Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification system, APOE ε2 allele, ε4 allele, and ε4/ε4 genotype were associated with large artery atherosclerosis IS subtypes. In addition, the results also indicated that the ε4 allele related to undetermined IS and ε4/ε4 genotype was related to small vessel disease IS. Compared with subjects with non-ε4-containing genotypes, the total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in blood and the proportion of cardiopath history were higher in all subjects with ε4-containing genotypes. Besides, the triacylglycerides (TG) level in blood was higher in controls with ε4-containing genotypes. In conclusion, in a Northwest China Han population, APOE ε4 allele was associated with blood lipid level. The TC and LDL levels were the independent risk factors for IS. APOE was a risk gene for IS, but not independent, especially for large artery atherosclerosis IS.

Download Full-text