The autophagy regulators Ambra1 and Beclin 1 are required for adult neurogenesis in the brain subventricular zone

Shrews are small animals found in many different habitats. Like other mammals, adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation. We asked whether the number of new generated cells in shrews depends on their brain size. We examined Crocidura russula and Neomys fodiens, weighing 10–22 g, and Crocidura olivieri and Suncus murinus that weigh three times more. We found that the density of proliferated cells in the SVZ was approximately at the same level in all species. These cells migrated from the SVZ through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb (OB). In this pathway, a low level of neurogenesis occurred in C. olivieri compared to three other species of shrews. In the DG, the rate of adult neurogenesis was regulated differently. Specifically, the lowest density of newly generated neurons was observed in C. russula, which had a substantial number of new neurons in the OB compared with C. olivieri. We suggest that the number of newly generated neurons in an adult shrew’s brain is independent of the brain size, and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis appeared to be different in two neurogenic structures.

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Modulating adult neurogenesis through dietary interventions

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422416000081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christine Heberden

Keyword(s):

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Neural Repair ◽

Daughter Cells ◽

Food Borne ◽

Dietary Strategies ◽

The Brain ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThree areas in the brain continuously generate new neurons throughout life: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the median eminence in the hypothalamus. These areas harbour neural stem cells, which contribute to neural repair by generating daughter cells that then become functional neurons or glia. Impaired neurogenesis leads to detrimental consequences, such as depression, decline of cognitive abilities and obesity. Adult neurogenesis is a versatile process that can be modulated either positively or negatively by many effectors, external or endogenous. Diet can modify neurogenesis both ways, either directly by ways of food-borne molecules, or possibly by the modifications induced on gut microbiota composition. It is therefore critical to define dietary strategies optimal for the maintenance of the stem cell pools.

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miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche

Nature Neuroscience ◽

10.1038/nn.2294 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 399-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 647

Author(s):

Li-Chun Cheng ◽

Erika Pastrana ◽

Masoud Tavazoie ◽

Fiona Doetsch

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Stem Cell Niche ◽

Cell Niche

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Retrotransposon-induced mosaicism in the neural genome

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.180074 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 180074 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Gabriela O. Bodea ◽

Eleanor G. Z. McKelvey ◽

Geoffrey J. Faulkner

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Dynamic Structure ◽

Neurological Function ◽

Developing Brain ◽

Neural Cells ◽

The Past ◽

Retrotransposon Activity ◽

The Brain

Over the past decade, major discoveries in retrotransposon biology have depicted the neural genome as a dynamic structure during life. In particular, the retrotransposon LINE-1 (L1) has been shown to be transcribed and mobilized in the brain. Retrotransposition in the developing brain, as well as during adult neurogenesis, provides a milieu in which neural diversity can arise. Dysregulation of retrotransposon activity may also contribute to neurological disease. Here, we review recent reports of retrotransposon activity in the brain, and discuss the temporal nature of retrotransposition and its regulation in neural cells in response to stimuli. We also put forward hypotheses regarding the significance of retrotransposons for brain development and neurological function, and consider the potential implications of this phenomenon for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.

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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Characterizes Cell Types in the Subventricular Zone and Uncovers Molecular Defects Impairing Adult Neurogenesis

Cell Reports ◽

10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2457-2469.e8 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Vera Zywitza ◽

Aristotelis Misios ◽

Lena Bunatyan ◽

Thomas E. Willnow ◽

Nikolaus Rajewsky

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Cell Types ◽

Molecular Defects

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Recovery of Brain in Chick Embryos by Growing Second Heart and Brain

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.777 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (18) ◽

pp. 3085-3089

Author(s):

Massimo Fioranelli ◽

Alireza Sepehri ◽

Maria Grazia Roccia ◽

Cota Linda ◽

Chiara Rossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subventricular Zone ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Neural Circuits ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Egg Cell ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Injured Brain ◽

Embryo Heart ◽

Healthy Part ◽

The Brain

To recover chick embryos damaged the brain, two methods are presented. In both of them, somatic cells of an embryo introduced into an egg cell and an embryo have emerged. In one method, injured a part of the brain in the head of an embryo is replaced with a healthy part of the brain. In the second method, the heart of brain embryo dead is transplanted with the embryo heart. In this mechanism, new blood cells are emerged in the bone marrow and transmit information of transplantation to subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain through the circulatory system. Then, SVZ produces new neural stem cells by a subsequent dividing into neurons. These neurons produce new neural circuits within the brain and recover the injured brain. To examine the model, two hearts of two embryos are connected, and their effects on neural circuits are observed.

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Syndecan-1 Stimulates Adult Neurogenesis in the Mouse Ventricular-Subventricular Zone after Injury

iScience ◽

10.1016/j.isci.2020.101784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 101784

Author(s):

Marc-André Mouthon ◽

Lise Morizur ◽

Léa Dutour ◽

Donovan Pineau ◽

Thierry Kortulewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone

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Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Mitochondrial Proteostasis and Adult Neurogenesis through Activation of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in the Brain of ALS SOD1G93A Mice

International Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.7150/ijbs.38487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 284-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Qi Zhou ◽

Lei Zhu ◽

Weiwen Qiu ◽

Yue Liu ◽

Fang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unfolded Protein Response ◽

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Nicotinamide Riboside ◽

Sod1g93a Mice ◽

Unfolded Protein ◽

Protein Response ◽

The Brain ◽

Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response

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Interaction between Angiotensin Type 1, Type 2, and Mas Receptors to Regulate Adult Neurogenesis in the Brain Ventricular–Subventricular Zone

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8121551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1551 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Garcia-Garrote ◽

Ana Perez-Villalba ◽

Pablo Garrido-Gil ◽

German Belenguer ◽

Juan A. Parga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

At1 Receptor ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

At2 Receptor ◽

Angiotensin Type

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and particularly its angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2), have been classically involved in processes of cell proliferation and maturation during development. However, the potential role of RAS in adult neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and its aging-related alterations have not been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the role of major RAS receptors on neurogenesis in the V-SVZ of adult mice and rats. In mice, we showed that the increase in proliferation of cells in this neurogenic niche was induced by activation of AT2 receptors but depended partially on the AT2-dependent antagonism of AT1 receptor expression, which restricted proliferation. Furthermore, we observed a functional dependence of AT2 receptor actions on Mas receptors. In rats, where the levels of the AT1 relative to those of AT2 receptor are much lower, pharmacological inhibition of the AT1 receptor alone was sufficient in increasing AT2 receptor levels and proliferation in the V-SVZ. Our data revealed that interactions between RAS receptors play a major role in the regulation of V-SVZ neurogenesis, particularly in proliferation, generation of neuroblasts, and migration to the olfactory bulb, both in young and aged brains, and suggest potential beneficial effects of RAS modulators on neurogenesis.

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Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2017/5868632 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jianfei Lu ◽

Anatol Manaenko ◽

Qin Hu

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adult Neurogenesis ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Subgranular Zone ◽

Brain Repair ◽

Function Recovery ◽

Newborn Neurons ◽

And Function

Adult neurogenesis mainly occurs at the subventricular zone (SVZ) on the walls of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). However, the majority of newborn neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during the period of proliferation, migration, and integration. Stroke activates neural stem cells (NSCs) in both SVZ and SGZ. This process is regulated by a wide variety of signaling pathways. However, the newborn neurons derived from adult neurogenesis are insufficient for tissue repair and function recovery. Thus, enhancing the endogenous neurogenesis driven by ischemia and promoting the survival of newborn neurons can be promising therapeutic interventions for stroke. Here, we present an overview of the process of adult neurogenesis and the potential of stroke-induced neurogenesis on brain repair.

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