The impact of 1-year vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status in athletes: a dose–response study

<p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is presumed to play a role in several infective and non-infective conditions such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke etc. Most of the respiratory viral infections occur during winter season when the vitamin D levels in most individuals are generally low. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which began during winter season similar to the previous epidemics due to coronaviruses, has again stirred a debate on the role of VDD in the initiation and spread of the pandemic. The data on vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is however lacking. Different vitamin D supplementation strategies have recently been suggested as part of several countermeasures aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This brief narrative review discusses the evidence for the link between VDD and COVID-19 and the approaches suggested for vitamin D supplementation.</p>

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Vitamin D dose response study in Canadian infants: 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D status during a 20 week intervention

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.537.11 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Sina Gallo ◽

Catherine A Vanstone ◽

Kathryn Comeau ◽

Sherry Agellon ◽

Celia Rodd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dose Response ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Dose Response Study

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Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality

Journal of General Internal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11606-021-07170-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Karen H. Seal ◽

Daniel Bertenthal ◽

Evan Carey ◽

Carl Grunfeld ◽

Daniel D. Bikle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Dose Response ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Primary Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The relationship between vitamin D status and COVID-19-related clinical outcomes is controversial. Prior studies have been conducted in smaller, single-site, or homogeneous populations limiting adjustments for social determinants of health (race/ethnicity and poverty) common to both vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 outcomes. Objective To evaluate the dose-response relationship between continuous 25(OH)D and risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality after adjusting for covariates associated with both vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Patients Veteran patients receiving care in US Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) health care facilities with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test and a blood 25(OH)D test between February 20, 2020, and November 8, 2020, followed for up to 60 days. Main Measures Exposure was blood 25(OH)D concentration ascertained closest to and within 15 to 90 days preceding an index positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Co-primary study outcomes were COVID-19-related inpatient hospitalization requiring airborne, droplet, contact, or other isolation and mortality ascertained within 60 days of an index positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Key Results Of 4,599 veterans with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was identified in 665 (14.5%); 964 (21.0%) were hospitalized; and 340 (7.4%) died. After adjusting for all covariates, including race/ethnicity and poverty, there was a significant independent inverse dose-response relationship between increasing continuous 25(OH)D concentrations (from 15 to 60 ng/mL) and decreasing probability of COVID-19-related hospitalization (from 24.1 to 18.7%, p=0.009) and mortality (from 10.4 to 5.7%, p=0.001). In modeling 25(OH)D as a log-transformed continuous variable, the greatest risk for hospitalization and death was observed at lower 25(OH)D concentrations. Conclusions Continuous blood 25(OH)D concentrations are independently associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality in an inverse dose-response relationship in this large racially and ethnically diverse cohort of VA patients. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19-related outcomes.

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Vitamin D Deficiency/Insufficiency and Challenges in Developing Global Vitamin D Fortification and Supplementation Policy in Adults

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 237-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Moshe Ben-Shoshan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Societal Burden ◽

Time Period ◽

New Guidelines ◽

In Cis

This review summarizes studies discussing vitamin D status in adults and reveals that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is highly prevalent in adults and that current fortification and supplementation policies are inadequate. Background and aims: Studies suggest a crucial role for adequate vitamin D status in various health conditions including bone metabolism, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and allergies. However, relatively little is known about poor vitamin D status and unmet needs in adults. This report aims to highlight the contribution of epidemiologic studies (through the identification of health effects and societal burden) to the development of vitamin D fortification and supplementation policies and reveal unmet global challenges in adults. Methods: In order to assess worldwide vitamin D status in adults, the search strategy combined the medical literature database MEDLINE (using PubMed) for the time period between January 1, 1980 and February 28, 2011, using the key words vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and included articles in which access to full text was possible and in which healthy adults were assessed according to one of four commonly used vitamin D threshold classifications. Results: This report reveals that vitamin D deficiency occurs in 4.10 % [95 % CI (confidence interval), 3.93 %, 4.27 %] to 55.05 % (54.07 %, 56.03 %) of adults, while insufficiency occurs in 26.07 % (24.82 %, 27.33 %) to 78.50 % (77.85 %, 79.16 %), depending on the classification used. However, lack of overlap in CIs and high value of I2 statistics indicate considerable heterogeneity between studies. Further, certain populations (i. e. dark-skinned individuals, immigrants, and pregnant women) may be at higher risk for poor vitamin D status. Conclusion: Current policies for vitamin D supplementation and fortification are inadequate and new guidelines are required to improve vitamin D status in adults.

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Vitamin D and Blood Parameters

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11071017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1017

Author(s):

Thomas Müller ◽

Lutz Lohse ◽

Andreas Blodau ◽

Katja Frommholz

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Corpuscular Volume ◽

Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽

The Impact

Background: Vitamin D has a steroid- and an anabolic-resembling chemical structure. Vitamin D is essential for many processes in the human body after hydroxylation. Aims of the Study: To investigate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma concentrations on the blood parameters number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Methods: Serial assessments were done in 290 patients with multiple sclerosis and repeated after a mean interval of 245 days. A recommendation for vitamin D supplementation was given in case of a concentration lower than 20 ng/mL combined with a prescription of a formulation containing vitamin D but not vitamin K. Results: There was a fall of vitamin D in 119 subjects and a rise in 164, while no change appeared in 7 participants. When vitamin D values went down between both assessments moments, the computed increase of mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly lower compared with the rise of mean corpuscular haemoglobin associated with a vitamin D elevation. When vitamin D declined, the computed fall of mean corpuscular volume fall was significantly lower compared with the decrease of mean corpuscular volume, when vitamin D rose. Positive correlations were found between differences of vitamin D and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, respectively mean corpuscular volume. Inverse relations appeared between disparities of vitamin D and erythrocytes, respectively haematocrit. Conclusions: The elevation of vitamin D plasma levels provides enhanced preconditions for a better tissue oxygenation on a cellular level.

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Sex disparities in vitamin D status and the impact on systemic inflammation and survival in rectal cancer

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08260-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Abrahamsson ◽

Sebastian Meltzer ◽

Vidar Nyløkken Hagen ◽

Christin Johansen ◽

Paula A. Bousquet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rectal Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Metastatic Progression ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Link Type ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background We reported previously that rectal cancer patients given curative-intent chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery for non-metastatic disease had enhanced risk of metastatic progression and death if circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] were low. Here we investigated whether the association between the vitamin D status and prognosis pertains to the general, unselected population of rectal cancer patients. Methods Serum 25(OH) D at the time of diagnosis was assessed in 129 patients, enrolled 2013–2017 and representing the entire range of rectal cancer stages, and analyzed with respect to season, sex, systemic inflammation, and survival. Results In the population-based cohort residing at latitude 60°N, 25(OH) D varied according to season in men only, who were overrepresented among the vitamin D-deficient (< 50 nmol/L) patients. Consistent with our previous findings, the individuals presenting with T4 disease had significantly reduced 25(OH) D levels. Low vitamin D was associated with systemic inflammation, albeit with distinct modes of presentation. While men with low vitamin D showed circulating markers typical for the systemic inflammatory response (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate), the corresponding female patients had elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7. Despite disparities in vitamin D status and the potential effects on disease attributes, significantly shortened cancer-specific survival was observed in vitamin D-deficient patients irrespective of sex. Conclusion This unselected rectal cancer cohort confirmed the interconnection of low vitamin D, more advanced disease presentation, and poor survival, and further suggested it may be conditional on disparate modes of adverse systemic inflammation in men and women. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT01816607; registration date: 22 March 2013.

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Does vitamin D supplementation prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in military personnel? Review of the evidence

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001686 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001686

Author(s):

Iain T Parsons ◽

R M Gifford ◽

M J Stacey ◽

L E Lamb ◽

M K O'Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Military Studies ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Military Populations ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Recruit Training

For most individuals residing in Northwestern Europe, maintaining replete vitamin D status throughout the year is unlikely without vitamin D supplementation and deficiency remains common. Military studies have investigated the association with vitamin D status, and subsequent supplementation, with the risk of stress fractures particularly during recruit training. The expression of nuclear vitamin D receptors and vitamin D metabolic enzymes in immune cells additionally provides a rationale for the potential role of vitamin D in maintaining immune homeostasis. One particular area of interest has been in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The aims of this review were to consider the evidence of vitamin D supplementation in military populations in the prevention of ARTIs, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequent COVID-19 illness. The occupational/organisational importance of reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, especially where infected young adults may be asymptomatic, presymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, is also discussed.

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Bone mineral density at age 7 years does not associate with adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in infancy or vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood: An Odense Child Cohort study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000301 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Signe Monrad Nørgaard ◽

Christine Dalgård ◽

Malene Søborg Heidemann ◽

Anders Jørgen Schou ◽

Henrik Thybo Christesen

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

High Adherence ◽

Bone Mineralisation ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is recommended to prevent rickets. At the population level, its effects on bone mineralisation are largely unknown. We aimed to explore whether adherence to national vitamin D supplementation guidelines (10 µg/day up to age 2 years), supplementation at ages 5 and 7 years, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at various time points associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at age 7 years in the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark (n=1,194). High adherence was defined as supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D 6-7 times per week during ≥ 80 % of the observation time. S-25(OH)D was analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total-body-less-head (TBLH) BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At median age 18.1 months, 53.9 % (n=475/881) reported high adherence. The median s-25(OH)D was 64.7, 78.8, 46.0, and 71.8 nmol/l in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, cord blood, and at 5 years, respectively. The mean (SD) TBLH BMD at median age 7.1 years was 0.613 (0.049) g/cm2 (z-score +0.363 (0.824)). In adjusted analyses, vitamin D supplementation up to 18 months, and at 5 and 7 years, was not associated with TBLH BMD. Similarly, no robust associations were found between TBLH BMD and s-25(OH)D at any time point. No associations were found for TBLH bone mineral concentration or bone area. In this population with relatively high s-25(OH)D concentrations, no consistent associations were found between adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations or vitamin D status in pregnancy or childhood, and bone mineralisation at age 7 years.

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