Adaptations in brain reward circuitry underlie palatable food cravings and anxiety induced by high-fat diet withdrawal

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sharma ◽  
M F Fernandes ◽  
S Fulton
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Brain Reward

scholarly journals Replacing a Palatable High-Fat Diet with a Low-Fat Alternative Heightens κ-Opioid Receptor Control over Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Conner W. Wallace ◽  
Nari S. Beatty ◽  
Sarah A. Hutcherson ◽  
Heather A. Emmons ◽  
Madison C. Loudermilt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Diet-induced obesity reduces dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and stressful weight loss interventions could promote cravings for palatable foods high in fat and sugar that stimulate dopamine. Activation of κ-opioid receptors (KORs) reduces synaptic dopamine, but contribution of KORs to lower dopamine tone after dietary changes is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the function of KORs in C57BL/6 mice that consumed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks followed by replacement of HFD with a control 10% fat diet for one day or one week. HFD replacement induced voluntary caloric restriction and weight loss. However, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry revealed no differences in baseline dopamine parameters, whereas sex effects were revealed during KOR stimulation. NAc core dopamine release was reduced by KOR agonism after one day of HFD replacement in females but after one week of HFD replacement in males. Further, elevated plus-maze testing revealed no diet effects during HFD replacement on overt anxiety. These results suggest that KORs reduce NAc dopamine tone and increase food-related anxiety during dietary weight loss interventions that could subsequently promote palatable food cravings and inhibit weight loss.

scholarly journals Differences in Food Craving in Individuals With Obesity With and Without Binge Eating Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Reents ◽  
Anya Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
High Trait

Overeating behavior is supposedly a major contributing factor to weight gain and obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) with reoccurring episodes of excessive overeating is strongly associated with obesity. Learning models of overeating behavior and BED assume that mere confrontation with food leads to a conditioned response that is experienced as food craving. Accordingly, individuals with obesity and BED were shown to have high trait food cravings. To date, little is known about differences in state food cravings and cue reactivity at the sight of palatable food in individuals with obesity and BED compared to individuals with obesity without BED. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine differences in cue-induced, state and trait food cravings in people with obesity with and without BED. We found that all aspects of food cravings were more prevalent in individuals with obesity and BED than in individuals without BED. By implementing a food cue reactivity paradigm, our results show that individuals with obesity with BED have more cue-induced cravings than individuals with obesity without BED. Moreover, these cue-induced cravings in individuals with obesity and BED were highest for high-fat and high-sugar foods as opposed to low-calorie foods. Thus, our results emphasize the role of increased cue reactivity and craving at the sight of palatable foods in individuals with obesity and BED. Hence, our findings support etiological models of conditioned binge eating and are in line with interventions targeting cue reactivity in BED.

scholarly journals Maternal high-fat diet and obesity impact palatable food intake and dopamine signaling in nonhuman primate offspring

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2157-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Rivera ◽  
Paul Kievit ◽  
Melissa A. Kirigiti ◽  
Leigh Ann Bauman ◽  
Karalee Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dopamine Signaling

scholarly journals Cannabinoid CB1 receptor in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons drives overconsumption of palatable food and obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inigo Ruiz de Azua ◽  
Elena Martin-Garcia ◽  
Laura Domingo-Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandro Aparisi Rey ◽  
Diego Pascual Cuadrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Low Fat Diet

AbstractPalatable food can promote overfeeding beyond homeostatic requirements, thereby constituting a major risk to obesity. Here, the lack of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons (Glu-CB1-KO) abrogated the overconsumption of palatable food and the development of obesity. On low-fat diet, no genotype differences were observed. However, under palatable food conditions, Glu-CB1-KO mice showed decreased body weight and food intake. Notably, Glu-CB1-KO mice were protected from alterations in the reward system after high-fat diet feeding. Interestingly, obese wild-type mice showed a superior olfactory detection as compared to mutant mice, suggesting a link between overconsumption of palatable food and olfactory function. Reconstitution of CB1 expression in olfactory cortex in high-fat diet-fed Glu-CB1-KO mice using viral gene delivery partially reversed the lean phenotype concomitantly with improved odor perception. These findings indicate that CB1 in cortical glutamatergic neurons regulates hedonic feeding, whereby a critical role of the olfactory cortex was uncovered as an underlying mechanism.

Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Akemi Suzuki ◽  
André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽  
Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽  
Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Flour ◽  
Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

Topical Application of Capsaicin Reduces Visceral Adipose Fat by Affecting Adipokine Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Rak Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Shin ◽  
Dong-Joon Yoon ◽  
Ah-Ram Kim ◽  
Rina Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

POCU1b reverses diabesity induced in rats fed a high-fat diet

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kim ◽  
H Kim ◽  
IH Jeong ◽  
DS Jang ◽  
JS Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat
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