scholarly journals Tissue Pco2 in Brain Ischemia Related to Lactate Content in Normo- and Hypercapnic Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Katsura ◽  
Anders Ekholm ◽  
Bo K. Siesjö
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Tissue Pco2 ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of lactate formed during ischemia determines the rise in tissue Pco2 (Ptco2). Conflicting results exist on the relationship between lactate and Ptco2. The objective of this study was to settle this issue. We varied the preischemic plasma glucose concentration of normo- and hypercapnic rats, assessed tissue lactate and total CO2 contents, and determined the Pco2/lactate relationship over the lactate range 2–40 mmol kg−1. The results showed that whatever the equilibration time, the Pco2/lactate relationship was linear. The results obtained could be reproduced by a theoretical buffer system that mimics the buffering behavior of intracellular fluid. Our results bear on the question of whether compartmentation of H+ occurs during ischemia, with glial cells becoming more acid than neurons. A discontinuous Pco2/lactate relationship, with a constant Pco2 above a certain lactate content, would support this contention. Since our results demonstrate a linear relationship between lactate and Pco2 over the lactate range 2–40 mmol kg−1, they considerably weaken any argument for gross compartmentation of H+.

Hypovolaemia after glucose/insulin infusions in volunteers

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Berndtson ◽  
Joel Olsson ◽  
Robert G. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Solution ◽  
The Relationship

High-dose intravenous infusion of 5% glucose promotes rebound hypoglycaemia and hypovolaemia in healthy volunteers. To study whether such effects occur in response to glucose/insulin, 12 healthy firemen (mean age, 39 years) received three infusions over 1–2 h that contained 20 ml of 2.5% glucose/kg of body weight, 5 ml of 10% glucose/kg of body weight with 0.05 unit of rapid-acting insulin/kg of body weight, and 4 ml of 50% glucose/kg of body weight with 1 unit of insulin/kg of body weight. The plasma glucose concentration and plasma dilution were compared at 5–10 min intervals over 4 h. Regardless of the amount of administered fluid and whether insulin was given, the plasma glucose concentration decreased to hypoglycaemic levels within 30 min of the infusion ending. The plasma dilution closely mirrored plasma glucose and became negative by approx. 5%, which indicates a reduction in the plasma volume. These alterations were only partially restored during the follow-up period. A linear relationship between plasma glucose and plasma dilution was most apparent when the infused glucose had been dissolved in only a small amount of fluid. For the strongest glucose/insulin solution, this linear relationship had a correlation coefficient of 0.77 (n=386, P<0.0001). The findings of the present study indicate that a redistribution of water due to the osmotic strength of the glucose is the chief mechanism accounting for the hypovolaemia. It is concluded that infusions of 2.5%, 10% and 50% glucose, with and without insulin, in well-trained men were consistently followed by long-standing hypoglycaemia and also by hypovolaemia, which averaged 5%. These results emphasize the relationship between metabolism and fluid balance.

scholarly journals The relationship between glucose production and plasma glucose concentration in children with falciparum malaria

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien Dekker ◽  
Johannes A. Romijn ◽  
Catherine Waruiru ◽  
Mariëtte T. Ackermans ◽  
Gerrit J. Weverling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

Effect of Streptozotocin-Diabetes on the Local and General Responses to Injury in the Rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Elebute ◽  
R. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
The Relationship

1. The effects of streptozotocin-diabetes on the local and general responses to a 4 h period of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia in the rat have been investigated. The rats were injured 48 h after the intravenous injection of the streptozotocin. 2. Less fluid was lost from the circulation into the injured limbs after injury in the diabetic rats and this was directly related to the severity of the diabetes, but could not be explained by dehydration. However, when the diabetic and non-diabetic injured rats were considered together there was a significant negative correlation between either plasma osmolality or plasma glucose concentration and water content in the injured hind limb. 3. The relationship between plasma glucose concentration and plasma osmolality was changed by injury such that, particularly in the injured diabetic rats, plasma osmolality at a given glucose concentration was higher than that predicted from the relationship between these variables in the uninjured rat.

Evaluation of the relationship between the one-hour plasma glucose concentration and beta-cell functions and cardiometabolic parameters during oral glucose tolerance test in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-775
Author(s):  
Eda Mengen ◽  
Seyit Ahmet Uçaktürk
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the 1-h plasma glucose (PG) level in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and conventional glycemic parameters, indices evaluating beta-cell functions, and cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsThe records of 532 obese patients who were followed up in the Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic and who underwent standard OGTT were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were divided into two groups according to OGTT data as the 1-h plasma glucose concentration <155 mg/dL (n=329) and ≥155 mg/dL (n=203). Patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were divided into two groups according to the 1-h PG level, as 218 patients with NGT 1 h-low (<155 mg/dL) and 53 patients with high NGT 1 h-high (≥155 mg/dL).ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the lipid profiles of individuals with NGT 1 h-low (<155 mg/dL) and individuals with NGT 1 h-high (≥155 mg/dL) (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were higher, while HDL cholesterol levels were lower in individuals with NGT 1 h-high (≥155 mg/dL). The indices evaluating beta-cell functions were significantly higher in individuals with NGT 1 h-low (<155 mg/dL).ConclusionAs a result, a plasma glucose concentration above or equal to 155 mg/dL at 1 h during an OGTT is associated with a worse clinical phenotype characterized by changes in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Therefore, this threshold value can predict the progression of prediabetes in obese young people with NGT.

scholarly journals Direct Chemical Measurement of the λ of the Lumped Constant of the [14C]Deoxyglucose Method in Rat Brain: Effects of Arterial Plasma Glucose Level on the Distribution Spaces of [14C]Deoxyglucose and Glucose and on λ

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Mori ◽  
Nancy Cruz ◽  
Gerald Dienel ◽  
Thomas Nelson ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Operational Equation ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Lumped Constant ◽  
Dg Method ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Distribution Spaces

The lumped constant in the operational equation of the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (DG) method contains the factor λ that represents the ratio of the steady-state tissue distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose. The lumped constant has been shown to vary with arterial plasma glucose concentration. Predictions based mainly on theoretical grounds have suggested that disproportionate changes in the distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose and in the value of λ are responsible for these variations in the lumped constant. The influence of arterial plasma glucose concentration on the distribution spaces for DG and glucose and on λ were, therefore, determined in the present studies by direct chemical measurements. The brain was maintained in steady states of delivery and metabolism of DG and glucose by programmed intravenous infusions of both hexoses designed to produce and maintain constant arterial concentrations. Hexose concentrations were assayed in acid extracts of arterial plasma and freeze-blown brain. Graded hyperglycemia up to 28 m M produced progressive decreases in the distribution spaces of both hexoses from their normoglycemic values (e.g., ∼ – 20% for glucose and – 50% for DG at 28 m M). In contrast, graded hypoglycemia progressively reduced the distribution space for glucose and increased the space for [14C]DG. The values for λ were comparatively stable in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions but rose sharply (e.g., as much as 9–10-fold at 2 m M) in severe hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Sujaya Sham ◽  
B Poornima R Bhat ◽  
Aruna Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration

ABSTRACT Background To compare the sensitivity and specificity of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with that of standard glucose challenge test (GCT). Materials and methods Eighty-nine eligible pregnant women underwent GCT between 24th and 28th gestational week, followed by a diagnostic 3 hours 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test within 1 week. Out patient clinic in Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Data was analyzed for significance by chi-square test. Results Fasting plasma glucose concentration at a threshold value of 90 mg/dl and GCT at recommended standard threshold of 140 mg/dl yielded sensitivities of 66.7% and 100% respectively and specificities of 87.3% and 46.5% respectively. Reducing the threshold value of FPG to 80 mg/dl increased the sensitivity of test to 91.7% with specificity of 54.9% which was comparable to standard GCT, in our study. Conclusion Measuring FPG concentration using a cut-off of. 80 mg/dl is an easier, tolerable and more cost effective procedure than GCT for detecting more severe cases of GDM, i.e. the diabetes mellitus group. In resource poor settings with population belonging to average risk or high risk category, FPG at a cut-off of 90 mg/dl can be used to screen GDM. How to cite this article Sham S, Bhat BPR, Kamath A. Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):75-78.

A single bolus infusion of C-reactive protein increases gluconeogenesis and plasma glucose concentration in humans

Metabolism ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Birjmohun ◽  
Radjesh J. Bisoendial ◽  
Sander I. van Leuven ◽  
Mariette Ackermans ◽  
Aelko Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Single Bolus ◽  
Reactive Protein

Overnight inhibition of insulin secretion restores pulsatility and proinsulin/insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. E520-E528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Laedtke ◽  
Lise Kjems ◽  
Niels Pørksen ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Johannes Veldhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes is characterized by decreased first-phase insulin secretion, an increased proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio in plasma, abnormal pulsatile insulin release, and heightened disorderliness of insulin concentration profiles. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that these abnormalities are at least partly reversed by a period of overnight suspension of β-cell secretory activity achieved by somatostatin infusion. Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were studied twice after a randomly ordered overnight infusion of either somatostatin or saline with the plasma glucose concentration clamped at ∼8 mmol/l. Controls were studied twice after overnight saline infusions and then at a plasma glucose concentration of either 4 or 8 mmol/l. We report that in patients with type 2 diabetes, 1) as in nondiabetic humans, insulin is secreted in discrete insulin secretory bursts; 2) the frequency of pulsatile insulin secretion is normal; 3) the insulin pulse mass is diminished, leading to decreased insulin secretion, but this defect can be overcome acutely by β-cell rest with somatostatin; 4) the reported loss of orderliness of insulin secretion, attenuated first-phase insulin secretion, and elevated proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio also respond favorably to overnight inhibition by somatostatin. The results of these clinical experiments suggest the conclusion that multiple parameters of abnormal insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mechanistically reflect cellular depletion of immediately secretable insulin that can be overcome by β-cell rest.

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