The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between amount and type of dietary protein intake and insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy, in normal weight and overweight women (29.8 ± 0.2 weeks gestation, n = 173). A 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered following an overnight fast to estimate the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR, mg · kg-1 · min-1) using four different equations accounting for the availability of blood samples. Total (TP), animal (AP), and plant (PP) protein intakes were assessed using a 3-day food record. Two linear models with MCR as the response variable were fitted to the data to estimate the relationship of protein intake to insulin sensitivity either unadjusted or adjusted for early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) because of the potential of BMI to influence this relationship. There was a positive association between TP (β = 1.37, p = 0.002) and PP (β = 4.44, p < 0.001) intake in the last trimester of pregnancy and insulin sensitivity that weakened when accounting for early pregnancy BMI. However, there was no relationship between AP intake and insulin sensitivity (β = 0.95, p = 0.08). Therefore, early pregnancy BMI may be a better predictor of insulin sensitivity than dietary protein intake in late pregnancy.

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Genetic Susceptibility, Dietary Protein Intake, and Changes of Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13510 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1460-1467 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dianjianyi Sun ◽

Tao Zhou ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Yoriko Heianza ◽

Zhaoxia Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

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The relationship between muscle strength and dietary protein intake and bone health

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.501 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. S211

Author(s):

C.S. McDonald ◽

G.C. Chan ◽

N.P. Kennedy ◽

Z. Toth ◽

J.B. Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Bone Health ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

The Relationship

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Effects of protein intake on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children: a systematic review

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514003699 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 383-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Trudy Voortman ◽

Anna Vitezova ◽

Wichor M. Bramer ◽

Charlotte L. Ars ◽

Paula K. Bautista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beneficial Effects

High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.

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The relationship between dietary protein intake and the acute phase response in rats

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/0261-5614(91)90312-z ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

G. Jennings ◽

C. Bourgeois ◽

M. Elia

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Phase Response ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

The Relationship

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Dietary Protein Intake and Transition between Frailty States in Octogenarians Living in New Zealand

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2843

Author(s):

Ruth Teh ◽

Nuno Mendonça ◽

Marama Muru-Lanning ◽

Sue MacDonell ◽

Louise Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Second Year ◽

The Relationship ◽

Frailty Criteria

Adequate nutritional status may influence progression to frailty. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty and examine the relationship between dietary protein intake and the transition between frailty states and mortality in advanced age. We used data from a longitudinal cohort study of Māori (80–90 years) and non-Māori (85 years). Dietary assessments (24-h multiple pass dietary recalls) were completed at the second year of follow-up (wave 2 and forms the baseline in this study). Frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty criteria. Multi-state modelling examined the association of protein intake and transitions between frailty states and death over four years. Over three quarters of participants were pre-frail or frail at baseline (62% and 16%, respectively). Those who were frail had a higher co-morbidity (p < 0.05), where frailty state changed, 44% showed a worsening of frailty status (robust → pre-frail or pre-frail → frail). Those with higher protein intake (g/kg body weight/day) were less likely to transition from robust to pre-frail [Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 0.28 (0.08–0.91)] but also from pre-frail to robust [0.24 (0.06–0.93)]. Increased protein intake was associated with lower risk of transitioning from pre-frailty to death [0.19 (0.04–0.80)], and this association was moderated by energy intake [0.22 (0.03–1.71)]. Higher protein intake in this sample of octogenarians was associated with both better and worse outcomes.

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Epidemiological Evidence of the Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1291/hypres.25.689 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 689-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Longjian LIU ◽

Katsumi IKEDA ◽

Dennis H SULLIVAN ◽

Wenhua LING ◽

Yukio YAMORI

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Published Data ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Epidemiological Evidence

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Dietary Protein Intake during Pregnancy Is Not Associated with Offspring Insulin Sensitivity during the First Two Years of Life

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1338

Author(s):

Brittany R. Allman ◽

D. Keith Williams ◽

Elisabet Børsheim ◽

Aline Andres

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

The Relationship

Literature describing a relationship between dietary protein intake during pregnancy and offspring insulin resistance are equivocal perhaps because of the lapse between maternal and offspring measurements (~9–40 years). Thus, we evaluated protein intake in healthy women [n = 182, mean ± SD; body mass index (BMI): 26.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2] in early pregnancy (8.4 ± 1.6 weeks, EP), late pregnancy (30.1 ± 0.4 weeks, LP), and averaged throughout pregnancy, and determined the relationship between protein intake and offspring homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) at 12 (12mo) and 24 (24mo) months. EP protein (g·kg−1·day−1) did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.153, p = 0.429) or 24mo (β = −0.349, p = 0.098). LP protein did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.023, p = 0.916) or 24mo (β = −0.442, p = 0.085). Finally, average protein did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.711, p = 0.05) or 24mo (β = −0.445, p = 0.294). Results remained unchanged after adjusting for plant protein intake quartiles during pregnancy, maternal BMI, and offspring sex and body fat percentage. Additionally, these relationships did not change after quartile analysis of average protein intake, even after considering offspring fasting time and HOMA2-IR outliers, and maternal under-reporters of energy intake. Protein intake during pregnancy is not associated with indirect measurements of insulin sensitivity in offspring during the first two years of life.

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