scholarly journals Effects of protein intake on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Voortman ◽  
Anna Vitezova ◽  
Wichor M. Bramer ◽  
Charlotte L. Ars ◽  
Paula K. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects

High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y F Wang ◽  
WS Yancy Jr ◽  
D Yu ◽  
C Champagne ◽  
L J Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein intake on body composition in chronic kidney disease patients in stages 3–5: A cross-sectional study

Nefrología ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-654
Author(s):  
Guillermina Barril ◽  
Angel Nogueira ◽  
Mar Ruperto López ◽  
Yone Castro ◽  
José Antonio Sánchez-Tomero
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Protein Intake at Twice the RDA in Older Men Increases Circulatory Concentrations of the Microbiome Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell ◽  
Milan ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Gillies ◽  
D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Higher dietary protein intake is increasingly recommended for the elderly; however, high protein diets have also been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a bacterial metabolite derived from choline and carnitine abundant from animal protein-rich foods. TMAO may be a novel biomarker for heightened CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a high protein diet on TMAO. Healthy men (74.2 ± 3.6 years, n = 29) were randomised to consume the recommended dietary allowance of protein (RDA: 0.8 g protein/kg bodyweight/day) or twice the RDA (2RDA) as part of a supplied diet for 10 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention for measurement of TMAO, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory biomarkers. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. In comparison with RDA, the 2RDA diet increased circulatory TMAO (p = 0.002) but unexpectedly decreased renal excretion of TMAO (p = 0.003). LDL cholesterol was increased in 2RDA compared to RDA (p = 0.049), but no differences in other biomarkers of CVD risk and insulin sensitivity were evident between groups. In conclusion, circulatory TMAO is responsive to changes in dietary protein intake in older healthy males.

scholarly journals Obesity Status Affects the Relationship Between Protein Intake and Insulin Sensitivity in Late Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allman ◽  
Diaz Fuentes ◽  
Williams ◽  
Turner ◽  
Andres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between amount and type of dietary protein intake and insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy, in normal weight and overweight women (29.8 ± 0.2 weeks gestation, n = 173). A 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered following an overnight fast to estimate the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR, mg · kg-1 · min-1) using four different equations accounting for the availability of blood samples. Total (TP), animal (AP), and plant (PP) protein intakes were assessed using a 3-day food record. Two linear models with MCR as the response variable were fitted to the data to estimate the relationship of protein intake to insulin sensitivity either unadjusted or adjusted for early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) because of the potential of BMI to influence this relationship. There was a positive association between TP (β = 1.37, p = 0.002) and PP (β = 4.44, p < 0.001) intake in the last trimester of pregnancy and insulin sensitivity that weakened when accounting for early pregnancy BMI. However, there was no relationship between AP intake and insulin sensitivity (β = 0.95, p = 0.08). Therefore, early pregnancy BMI may be a better predictor of insulin sensitivity than dietary protein intake in late pregnancy.

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility, Dietary Protein Intake, and Changes of Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Zhaoxia Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

Case Study: Energy Availability and Endocrine Markers in Elite Male Track Cyclists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Schofield ◽  
Holly Thorpe ◽  
Stacy T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency

Aim: To highlight energy availability status, resting metabolic rate measures, dietary protein intake, and testosterone concentration in 4 elite male track cycling athletes (mean [SD]: age: 20.8 [1.5] y, body mass: 76.3 [3.6] kg, height: 181.8 [2.9] cm). Method: A cross-sectional observation included measures of energy availability (energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure, divided by fat-free mass), resting metabolic rate from indirect calorimetry, dietary protein intake from food records, blood analysis to assess sex hormone status, and performance markers. Results: Midrange testosterone (16.9–19.8 nmol/L), lowered resting metabolic rate ratio (0.76–0.98), varied luteinizing hormone (4–10 U/L), and suboptimal energy availability (26–41 kcal/kg fat-free mass/d, range) were observed in the male track cyclists. Protein intakes ranged from 2.0 g to 2.8 g protein/kg/d. Conclusion: The current cohort may have within-day energy deficiency, putting them in a catabolic state.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Intake and Lean Muscle Mass in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Boland ◽  
Todd M. Gibson ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Sue C. Kaste ◽  
James P. DeLany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Background Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for low lean muscle mass and muscle weakness, which may contribute to inactivity and early development of chronic diseases typically seen in older adults. Although increasing protein intake, in combination with resistance training, improves lean muscle mass in other populations, it is not known whether muscular tissue among survivors of ALL, whose impairments are treatment-related, will respond similarly. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate associations among dietary protein intake, resistance training, and lean muscle mass in survivors of ALL and age-, sex-, and race-matched controls. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Lean muscle mass was determined with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dietary information with 24-hour recalls, and participation in resistance training with a questionnaire. Participants were 365 survivors of ALL (52% male; 87% white; median age=28.5 years, range=23.6–31.7) and 365 controls with no previous cancer. Results Compared with controls, survivors of ALL had lower lean muscle mass (55.0 versus 57.2 kg, respectively) and lower percentage of lean muscle mass (68.6% versus 71.4%, respectively) than controls. Similar proportions of survivors (71.1%) and controls (69.7%) met recommended dietary protein intake (0.8 g/kg/d). Survivors (45.4%) were less likely to report resistance training than controls (53.8%). In adjusted models, 1-g higher protein intake per kilogram of body mass per day was associated with a 7.9% increase and resistance training ≥1×wk, with a 2.8% increase in lean muscle mass. Limitations The cross-sectional study design limits temporal evaluation of the association between protein intake and lean muscle mass. Conclusions The findings suggest that survivors of childhood ALL with low lean muscle mass may benefit from optimizing dietary protein intake in combination with resistance training. Research is needed to determine whether resistance training with protein supplementation improves lean muscle mass in survivors of childhood ALL.

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