5 The effect of dietary protein intake on renal function and blood pressure in fawn-hooded rats

High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.

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Dietary Protein Intake And Renal Function

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1201/b16308-14 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 157-176

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

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Dietary Protein Intake and Renal Function

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1201/b16308-10 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 121-140

Author(s):

William Martin ◽

Lawrence Armstrong ◽

Nancy Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

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Epidemiological Evidence of the Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1291/hypres.25.689 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 689-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Longjian LIU ◽

Katsumi IKEDA ◽

Dennis H SULLIVAN ◽

Wenhua LING ◽

Yukio YAMORI

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Published Data ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Epidemiological Evidence

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Predictors of Decline of Residual Renal Function in New Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080302300311 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 276-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

David W. Johnson ◽

David W. Mudge ◽

Joanna M. Sturtevant ◽

Carmel M. Hawley ◽

Scott B. Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Body Surface ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

♦ Objective The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the risk factors for decline of residual renal function (RRF) in an incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) population. ♦ Design Prospective observational study of an incident PD cohort at a single center. ♦ Setting Tertiary-care institutional dialysis center. ♦ Participants The study included 146 consecutive patients commencing PD at the Princess Alexandra Hospital between 1 August 1995 and 1 July 2001 (mean age 54.8 ± 1.4 years, 42% male, 34% diabetic). Patients with failed renal transplants ( n = 26) were excluded. ♦ Main Measurements Timed urine collections ( n = 642) were performed initially and at 6-month intervals thereafter to measure RRF. The development of anuria was also prospectively recorded. ♦ Results The mean (±SD) follow-up period was 20.5 ± 14.8 months. The median slope of RRF decline was –0.05 mL/minute/month/1.73 m2. Using binary logistic regression, it was shown that the 50% of patients with more rapid RRF loss (< –0.05 mL/min/month/1.73 m2) were more likely to have had a higher initial RRF at commencement of PD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39 – 2.40] and a higher baseline dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio at 4 hours (D/P creat; AOR 44.6, 95% CI 1.05 – 1900). On multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, time from commencement of PD to development of anuria was independently predicted by baseline RRF [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.60 – 0.81], D/P creat (HR 2.87, 95% CI 2.06 – 82.3), body surface area (HR 6.23, 95% CI 1.53 – 25.5), dietary protein intake (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.06 – 7.78), and diabetes mellitus (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00 – 2.72). Decline of RRF was independent of age, gender, dialysis modality, urgency of initiation of dialysis, smoking, vascular disease, blood pressure, medications (including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), duration of follow-up, and peritonitis rate. ♦ Conclusions The results of this study suggest that high baseline RRF and high D/P creat ratio are risk factors for rapid loss of RRF. Moreover, a shorter time to the onset of anuria is independently predicted by low baseline RRF, increased body surface area, high dietary protein intake, and diabetes mellitus. Such at-risk patients should be closely monitored for early signs of inadequate dialysis.

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417 DIETARY PROTEIN INTAKE AND BLOOD PRESSURE

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000420272.73884.56 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. e123

Author(s):

Tanika N. Kelly ◽

Casey M. Rebholz ◽

Eleanor E. Friedman ◽

Lindsey J. Powers ◽

Whitney D. Arroyave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

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Efficacy of Restricting Dietary Protein Intake Combined with Buyang Huanwu Decoction in Treating Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Effect on Patients’ Inflammatory Factor Levels

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/5906244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dan Chen ◽

Dan Huang ◽

Taotao Hu ◽

Fang Chen

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Effective Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Factor ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Buyang Huanwu Decoction ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Better Than

Objective. To study the efficacy of restricting dietary protein intake combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its effect on patients’ inflammatory factor levels. Methods. The medical data of 150 DN patients treated in Wuhan No.1 Hospital (June 2018—May 2021) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received regular therapy, those who received the intervention of restricting dietary protein intake were included in the control group (n = 75), and on this basis, those treated with Buyang Huanwu decoction were included in the experimental group (n = 75), so as to scientifically evaluate their efficacy and inflammatory factor levels after treatment. Results. The patients’ general information was not statistically different between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ); after treatment, the experimental group gained remarkably higher marked effective rate and total effective rate of treatment than the control group ( P < 0.05 ); the inflammatory factor levels of all patients were obviously better than before ( P < 0.05 ), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-10 were obviously lower in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ); the levels of fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin of all patients were remarkably lower than before ( P < 0.05 ), but with no significant between-group difference ( P > 0.05 ); the renal function indexes of all patients were better than before, and between the two groups, the levels of 24 h microalbuminuria, 24 h urine protein excretion, and serum creatinine were obviously lower and the glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in the experimental group ( P all <0.05), and the patients’ traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores were remarkably lower in the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Jointly applying Buyang Huanwu decoction on the basis of restricting dietary protein intake can effectively promote the clinical efficacy of DN, which is conducive to adjusting the inflammatory factor levels, promoting the patients’ renal function, and alleviating the clinical symptoms.

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Protein Intake in Renal and Hepatic Disease

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000056 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (23) ◽

pp. 162-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Patrice M. Ambühl

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Disease States ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Organ Systems

The kidney and the liver play a central role in protein metabolism. Synthesis of albumin and other proteins occurs mainly in the liver, whereas protein breakdown and excretion are handled through an intricate interaction between these two organ systems. Thus, disease states of either the liver and/or the kidney invariably result in clinically relevant disturbances of protein metabolism. Conversely, metabolic processes regulated by these two organs are directly affected by dietary protein intake. Of particular importance in this respect is the maintenance of acid/base homeostasis. Finally, both the amount and composition of ingested proteins have a direct impact on renal function, especially in a state of diseased kidneys. Consequently, dietary protein intake is of paramount importance in patients with chronic nephropathy and renal insufficiency. Limitation of ingested protein, particularly from animal sources, is crucial in order to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and impaired renal function. In contrast, patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, have an increased protein demand. The syndrome of protein-energy malnutrition is a relevant factor for morbidity and mortality in this population and requires early detection and vigorous treatment. Protein intake in patients with cirrhosis of the liver should not be diminished as has been earlier suggested but rather increased to 1.0 - 1.2 g/kg body weight/day, in order to prevent protein malnutrition. Moderate restriction depending on protein tolerance (0.5 - 1.2 g/kg body weight/day), with the possible addition of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), has been recommended only in patients with advanced hepatic encephalopathy. Proteins of plant origin are theoretically superior to animal proteins.

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