scholarly journals A Retrospective Analyses of Candida Spp. Infections in the Intensive Care Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
G Corona ◽  
A Cascio ◽  
E Cusumano ◽  
D Pantaleo ◽  
V Cordaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Candida Spp

scholarly journals Candidemia in an intensive care unit

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Dalia Adukauskienė ◽  
Aida Kinderytė ◽  
Asta Dambrauskienė ◽  
Astra Vitkauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Bladder Catheter

Candidemia is becoming more actual because of better survival of even critically ill patients, wide use of antimicrobials, and increased numbers of invasive procedures and manipulations. Diagnosis of candidemia remains complicated, and costs of treatment and mortality rates are increasing. Objective. To evaluate the pathogens of candidemia, risk factors and their influence on outcome. Material and methods. Data of 41 patients with positive blood culture for Candida spp., who were treated in the intensive care units at the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine, were analyzed retrospectively. Results. Candidemia was caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in 48.8% (n=20) of patients and by non-albicans Candida in 51.2% (n=21) of patients. The main cause of candidemia was C. albicans in 2004 (83.3%, n=5), but in 2005 (63.6%, n=7), in 2006 (57.1%, n=4), and in 2007 (52.9%, n=9), the main cause was non-albicans Candida spp. The number of candidemia cases caused by C. albicans was decreased in 2005, 2006, and 2007 as compared with 2004, and the number of candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. was decreased, respectively (P<0.05). More than 65% (n=34) of patients had severe disease (P<0.05). Lethal outcome was recorded in 58.5% of patients with candidemia. Mechanical ventilation was used in 76.9% (n=20) and urinary bladder catheter in 72.1% (n=19) of non-survivors and in 23.1% (n=6) and 26.9% (n=7) of survivors, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions. There is an increase in the prevalence of candidemia in the intensive care units during the 4-year period; half of candidemia cases were caused by non-albicans Candida spp., and patients with candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. are at higher risk of mortality. Therefore, for the empirical treatment of septic conditions in an intensive care unit, when invasive fungal infection is suspected, we recommend using an antifungal agent of non-azole class until a pathogen of candidemia is determined. Severe disease is evaluated as a risk factor for candidemia. Patients with oncological diseases are at significantly higher risk for candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. Use of mechanical ventilation and urinary bladder catheter is a risk factor for lethal outcome.

scholarly journals Incidence of Candida species colonization in neonatal intensive care unit at Riyadh Hospital, Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-81
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Alhussaini
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Candidal Species ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Candida species are important hospital-acquired pathogens in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study was performed in the NICU of Saudi Arabian Hospital, Riyadh region, KSA to analyze patterns of neonatal Candida colonization as well as to determine the potential risk factors.Methods: Weekly surveillance fungal cultures of anal area, oral cavity, umbilicus and ear canal of neonates were performed from birth until their discharge from the hospital. Colonization was analyzed for timing, site, species, birth weight and gestational age. Potential environmental reservoirs and hands of health care workers (HCWs) were also cultured monthly for fungi. Antifungal susceptibility of the identified isolates was also determined.Results: One hundred subjects have been recruited in this study. The overall colonization rate was 51%. Early colonization was found in 27 (27%) neonates whereas 24 (24%) neonates were lately colonized during their stay in NICU. Colonization was more in preterm neonates than in full and post term. Perianal area and oral cavity were the most frequent colonized sites. C. albicans was the main spp. (58.8%) isolated from the neonates followed by C. tropicalis (17.6%), C. glabrata (15.6%), and C. krusei (2%). Of the 51 isolated Candida spp., 68.6% were sensitive to fluconazole, 80% to itraconazole and 64.7% to ketoconazole, while only 33% were sensitive to amphotericin B.Conclusion: Candida has emerged as a common cause of infections in infants admitted to NICU, and C. albicans is the most commonly isolated candidal species. Neonatal infections caused by non- albicans species occur at a later age during their stay in NICU.

scholarly journals Molecular Species Identification of Candida from Blood Samples of Intensive Care Unit Patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramraj Vijayakumar ◽  
Sidhartha Giri ◽  
Anupma Jyoti Kindo
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Introduction: Candida spp is an emerging cause of blood stream infections worldwide. Delay in speciation of Candida isolates by conventional methods and resistance to antifungal drugs (especially fluconazole, amphotericin B, etc.) in various Candida species are some of the factors responsible for the increase in morbidity and mortality due to candidemia. So, the rapid detection and identification of Candida isolates from blood is very important for the proper management of patients having candidemia. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) as a method for the speciation of Candida isolates from blood samples of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. PCR was used to amplify the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of Candida spp using universal primers ITS-1 and ITS-4. The amplified product was digested using Msp I restriction enzyme by RFLP. Results and Discussion: The method PCR-RFLP helped in identifying five medically important Candida spp (C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata) from blood. This method is rapid, reliable, easy and cost-effective and can be used in routine laboratory diagnostics for the rapid identification of Candida isolates from blood. Conclusion: PCR-RFLP is an easy, rapid and highly valuable tool which can be used in routine diagnostic laboratories to speciate Candida isolates obtained from blood. This rapid method of speciation will help clinicians to decide on empirical therapy in candidemia cases before antifungal susceptibility results are available.

scholarly journals Fungal Ecology in a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit after 16 Years of Routine Fluconazole Prophylaxis: No Emergence of Native Fluconazole-Resistant Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (S 02) ◽  
pp. S126-S133
Author(s):  
Martina Luparia ◽  
Francesca Landi ◽  
Alessio Mesini ◽  
Maria Angela Militello ◽  
Paolo Galletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Fluconazole Prophylaxis

Objective We analyzed the fungal ecology of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of 20 consecutive years following the introduction of routine fluconazole prophylaxis for all very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g at birth) preterm babies. The aim was to detect the possible appearance of any ecological shifts toward the emergence of native fluconazole-resistant (NFR) fungal species. Study Design This was a retrospective analysis of clinical and microbiological data of VLBW preterm neonates admitted to a large tertiary NICU in Italy from 1997 to 2016 and surviving more than 3 days. Colonization and infection incidence rates, both for fluconazole-sensitive Candida spp and NFR Candida spp, were calculated for each year. We compared the first 4-year period without prophylaxis (1997–2000) with the last 16-year period with use of routine fluconazole prophylaxis (2000–2016). Results Overall, the incidence of fungal colonization significantly decreased after the introduction of prophylaxis (from 43.4% to 16.5%) as well as the systemic fungal infection incidence (from 16% to 3.7%). The proportion of colonization and infection by NFR Candida spp, on the other hand, did not increase, remaining stable throughout the 16 years of exposure to fluconazole. During the prophylaxis period, 42 of 1,172 VLBW neonates were colonized by NFR species (3.6%), and of them 11 developed a systemic infection (0.9%). During the preprophylaxis period, colonization by these particular species affected 11 of 285 VLBW neonates (3.8%), and a systemic infection involved 4 neonates (1.4%). Conclusion Fluconazole prophylaxis is effective in decreasing Candida colonization and systemic infections in preterm neonates in NICU and did not cause emergence or shifts toward NFR Candida spp over a 16-year surveillance period.

scholarly journals Reductions in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile Infection and Intensive Care Unit–Acquired Bloodstream Infection Across the United Kingdom Following Implementation of a National Infection Control Campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D Edgeworth ◽  
Rahul Batra ◽  
Jerome Wulff ◽  
David Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Control Campaign

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile infections declined across the UK National Health Service in the decade that followed implementation of an infection control campaign. The national impact on intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections has not been documented. Methods Data on MRSA, C. difficile, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and ICU–acquired bloodstream infections (UABSIs) for 1 189 142 patients from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. Initial coverage was 139 ICUs increasing to 276 ICUs, representing 100% of general adult UK ICUs. Results ICU MRSA and C. difficile acquisitions per 1000 patients decreased between 2007 and 2016 (MRSA acquisitions, 25.4 to 4.1; and C. difficile acquisitions, 11.1 to 3.5), whereas VRE acquisitions increased from 1.5 to 5.9. There were 13 114 UABSIs in 1.8% of patients who stayed longer than 48 hours on ICU. UABSIs fell from 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9–7.6) to 1.6 (95% CI, 1.5–1.7)/1000 bed days. Adjusting for patient factors, the incidence rate ratio was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.19–0.23, P &lt; .001) from 2007 to 2016. The greatest reduction, comparing rates in 2007/08 and 2015/16, was for MRSA (97%), followed by P. aeruginosa (81%), S. aureus (79%) and Candida spp (72%), with lower reductions for the coliforms (E. coli 57% and Klebsiella 49%). Conclusions Large decreases in ICU-acquired infections occurred across the UK ICU network linked with the first few years of a national infection control campaign, but rates have since been static. Further reductions will likely require a new intervention framework.

scholarly journals Dentistry and Intensive Care Unit: A Brief Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiane Cristina Bannwart ◽  
Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos Santos ◽  
André Luiz de Melo Moreno ◽  
Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Shigella Spp

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to verify whether removable dentures of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., and enterobacteria). Materials and Methods Fifteen patients who were denture wearers (removable partial denture and complete denture) were included in this study. Patients must wear their dentures daily, and these dentures must have acrylic parts. Microbial biofilm was collected from the acrylic part of one denture of each patient. Then, the biofilm was seeded on different culture media: Sabouraud agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar. In this study, biochemical evaluations of microorganisms were performed. Statistical analysis The percentage of dentures with the microorganism identified by each culture medium was calculated. Results In total, 100% of the dentures were positive for Staphylococcus spp. (blood agar) and Candida spp. (Sabouraud agar); 33.3% of the dentures were positive for S. aureus (Mannitol salt agar); and 13.3% of the dentures were positive for Shigella spp. (MacConkey agar). Conclusion Removable dentures of patients (removable partial dentures and complete dentures) admitted to an ICU are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies.

scholarly journals Clinical and Economic Impact of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Bloodstream Infections in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chih Wang ◽  
Shu-Man Shih ◽  
Yung-Tai Chen ◽  
Chao A. Hsiung ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Healthcare Cost ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Prolonged Length

Abstract Background: To estimate the clinical and economic impact of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in Taiwan. Methods: The first episodes of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in patients ≥ 20 years of age in the Taiwanese population were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database and in the Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (2007-2015) dataset. Propensity score-matching (1:2) of demographic data, comorbidities, and disease severity was performed to select a comparison cohort from a pool of intensive care unit patients without intensive care unit-acquired infections from the same datasets. Results: After matching, the in-hospital mortality of 14,369 patients with intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections was 44.38%, compared to 33.50% for 28,738 intensive care unit patients without bloodstream infections. The 14-day mortality rate was also higher in the bloodstream infections cohort (4,367, 30.39% vs. 6,860 deaths, 23.87%, respectively; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections had a prolonged length of hospitalization after their index date (18 [IQR 7–39] vs. 10 days [IQR 4–21], respectively; p < 0.001) and a higher healthcare cost (16,086 [IQR 9,706–26,131] vs. 10,731 US dollars [IQR 6,375–16,910], respectively; p < 0.001). The excessive hospital stay and healthcare cost per case were 12.77 days and 7,646 US dollars, respectively. Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses of various World Health Organization’s priority pathogens and Candida spp. Conclusions: Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in critically ill patients were associated with increased mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document