Do Children Who Experience Laryngospasm Have an Increased Risk of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480. ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Schreiner ◽  
Irene O'Hara ◽  
Dorothea A. Markakis ◽  
George D. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Laryngospasm is the most frequently reported respiratory complication associated with upper respiratory infection and general anesthesia in retrospective studies, but prospective studies have failed to demonstrate any increase in risk. Methods A case-control study was performed to examine whether children with laryngospasm were more likely to have an upper respiratory infection on the day of surgery. The parents of all patients (N = 15,183) who were admitted through the day surgery unit were asked if their child had an active or recent (within 2 weeks of surgery) upper respiratory infection and were questioned about specific signs and symptoms to determine if the child met Tait and Knight's definition of an upper respiratory infection. Control subjects were randomly selected from patients whose surgery had occurred within 1 day of the laryngospasm event. Results Patients who developed laryngospasm (N = 123) were 2.05 times (95% confidence interval 1.21-3.45) more likely to have an active upper respiratory infection as defined by their parents than the 492 patients in the control group (P < or = 0.01). The development of laryngospasm was not related to Tait and Knight's definition for an upper respiratory infection or to recent upper respiratory infection. Children with laryngospasm were more likely to be younger (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.99), to be scheduled for airway surgery (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.59), and to have their anesthesia supervised by a less experienced anesthesiologist (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.7) than children in the control group. Conclusion Laryngospasm was more likely to occur in children with an active upper respiratory infection, children who were younger, children who were undergoing airway surgery, and children whose anesthesia were supervised by less experienced anesthesiologists. Understanding the risk factors and the magnitude of the likely risk should help clinicians make the decision as to whether to anesthetize children with upper respiratory infection.

scholarly journals Effect of upper respiratory infection on anaesthesia induced atelectasis in paediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Mi Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jin Byon ◽  
Namo Kim ◽  
Stephen J. Gleich ◽  
Randall P. Flick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Per Se ◽  
B Lines

AbstractUpper respiratory tract infection (URI) symptoms are known to increase perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in children undergoing general anaesthesia. General anaesthesia per se also induces atelectasis, which may worsen with URIs and yield detrimental outcomes. However, the influence of URI symptoms on anaesthesia-induced atelectasis in children has not been investigated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether current URI symptoms induce aggravation of perioperative atelectasis in children. Overall, 270 children aged 6 months to 6 years undergoing surgery were prospectively recruited. URI severity was scored using a questionnaire and the degree of atelectasis was defined by sonographic findings showing juxtapleural consolidation and B-lines. The correlation between severity of URI and degree of atelectasis was analysed by multiple linear regression. Overall, 256 children were finally analysed. Most children had only one or two mild symptoms of URI, which were not associated with the atelectasis score across the entire cohort. However, PRAE occurrences showed significant correspondence with the URI severity (odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.67, p = 0.004). In conclusion, mild URI symptoms did not exacerbate anaesthesia-induced atelectasis, though the presence and severity of URI were correlated with PRAEs in children.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03355547).

scholarly journals The association between training load indices and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in elite soccer players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Caoimhe Tiernan ◽  
Thomas Comyns ◽  
Mark Lyons ◽  
Alan M Nevill ◽  
Giles Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Load Indices ◽  
And Training

This study aimed to investigate the association between training load indices and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) across different lag periods in elite soccer players. Internal training load was collected from 15 elite soccer players over one full season (40 weeks). Acute, chronic, Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR), Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA) ACWR, 2, 3 and 4-week cumulative load, training strain and training monotony were calculated on a rolling weekly basis. Players completed a daily illness log, documenting any signs and symptoms, to help determine an URTI. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between training load indices and URTIs across different lag periods (1 to 7-days). The results found a significant association between 2-week cumulative load and an increased likelihood of a player contracting an URTI 3 days later (Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval: OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 0.026-1.431). Additionally, a significant association was found between 3-week cumulative load and a players’ increased risk of contracting an URTI 4 days later (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.013–1.006). These results indicate that accumulated periods of high training load (2- and 3-week) associated with an increased risk of a player contracting an URTI, which may lead to performance decrements, missed training sessions or even competitions.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Upper Respiratory Infection in Military Recruits Who Report Sleeping Less Than 6 h per night

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e699-e704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel M Wentz ◽  
Mark D Ward ◽  
Claire Potter ◽  
Samuel J Oliver ◽  
Sarah Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Moraxella-dominated pediatric nasopharyngeal microbiota associate with upper respiratory infection and sinusitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261179
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. McCauley ◽  
Gregory DeMuri ◽  
Kole Lynch ◽  
Douglas W. Fadrosh ◽  
Clark Santee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
One Year

Background Distinct bacterial upper airway microbiota structures have been described in pediatric populations, and relate to risk of respiratory viral infection and, exacerbations of asthma. We hypothesized that distinct nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota structures exist in pediatric populations, relate to environmental exposures and modify risk of acute sinusitis or upper respiratory infection (URI) in children. Methods Bacterial 16S rRNA profiles from nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 354) collected longitudinally over a one-year period from 58 children, aged four to seven years, were analyzed and correlated with environmental variables, URI, and sinusitis outcomes. Results Variance in nasopharyngeal microbiota composition significantly related to clinical outcomes, participant characteristics and environmental exposures including dominant bacterial genus, season, daycare attendance and tobacco exposure. Four distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota structures (Cluster I-IV) were evident and differed with respect to URI and sinusitis outcomes. These clusters were characteristically either dominated by Moraxella with sparse underlying taxa (Cluster I), comprised of a non-dominated, diverse microbiota (Cluster II), dominated by Alloiococcus/Corynebacterium (Cluster III), or by Haemophilus (Cluster IV). Cluster I was associated with increased risk of URI and sinusitis (RR = 1.18, p = 0.046; RR = 1.25, p = 0.009, respectively) in the population studied. Conclusion In a pediatric population, URI and sinusitis associate with the presence of Moraxella-dominated NP microbiota.

scholarly journals Incidence and clinical picture of upper respiratory infection in children receiving zinc supplement

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widagdo Widagdo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The National Household Health Survey (1995) reported that the prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) in Indonesia was found 25.3% for all ages and 47.1% for the under five children. Reports of studies on the effect of zinc in the reduction of respiratory infection stated inconsistentresults. The objective of this community base study is to evaluate the effect of zinc as the attempt to reduce the incidence of URI. We have studied the effect of daily supplementation of 10 mg elemental zinc in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial consisting of 37 children (zinc group) and 36 children (control group) of 6 months - 5 years old. The distribution of preparation and monitoring of morbidity were performed regularly once a week along 2-month study period. During the 2-month study (February-April 2001) we found 24 URI cases in the zinc group and 24 cases in the control group. Time series analysis concerning the incidence and severity of the zinc group showed a negative slope (Yt: a – bx), while the placebo group showed a positive slope (Yt: a + bx). The evidence and severity of URI in zinc groups within the 1st and 2nd months showedsignificant different, while it was not in the control group. The study obviously showed the benefit of zinc supplementation in the reduction of URI as showed by negative slope in the time series analysis, and significant decreased of the incidence and the severity of URI in zinc group. There was no side effect of zinc supplemented noted. We suggest, therefore regular zinc supplementation to the diet of the children in the low economic level community are needed.

scholarly journals TNF-α inhibitors can increase the risk of respiratory infection when used in rheumatism: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Luo ◽  
Luo Wenwen ◽  
Zhu Jialian ◽  
Cheng Xuan ◽  
Li Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background The risk of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab) for the treatment of rheumatic diseases leading to infection events has not yet been established. This meta-analysis aims to assess the risk of developing serious infections of three TNF-α inhibitors for rheumatic diseases.Methods A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted through December 2018. Selecting the RCTs which subjects were diagnosed as rheumatoid diseases according to ACR criteria or other authoritative diagnostic criteria and over 18-year-old. Finally, RCTs with Jadad score greater than or equal to 4 were included in this meta-analysis. The Odds Ratio (OR), Confidence Interval (CI) and p value were calculated to assess the risk of serious infections. Results 34 RCTs involving 14166 subjects were included, including 11 RCTs for infliximab, 7 RCTs for etanercept, and 16 for adalimumab. Meta-analysis demonstrated that, with the pooled OR of 1.29 (95%CI 1.04 to 1.60), the TNF-α inhibitors group had a higher risk of serious infection than control group. In the subgroup analysis, infliximab and adalimumab had a higher risk of serious infection than control group, and the pooled ORs were 1.48 (p=0.03) and 1.47 (p=0.03), respectively. For other infections including pneumonia, upper respiratory infection, and nasopharyngitis, the risks of these adverse events were higher in experimental group than control group, while the risk of tuberculosis were not, with the pooled OR of 2.31 (p=0.08）.Conclusions TNF-α inhibitors, especially infliximab and adalimumab, can increase the risk of infections. Among the infections, pneumonia, upper respiratory infection and nasopharyngitis have higher risks in TNF-α inhibitors group than control group. As a result, we summarized that TNF-α inhibitors can increase the risks of respiratory infection when used in rheumatic disease. It is suggested that clinicians should pay attention to the prevention of respiratory infections when using TNF-α inhibitors, so as to achieve a better prognosis for patients with rheumatism.

The Effect Echinacea Purpurea Herbs in Reducing Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Infection: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Fajar Fatony ◽  
◽  
Didik Gunawan Tamtomo ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background: Echinacea possibly reduces the effectiveness of corticosteroids, commonly used by asthmatics and for treating viral induced wheeze, and can cause hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals. Treatment of the common cold in children with Echinacea has only been investigated in one randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of Echinacea purpurea in children with upper respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to investigate the effect Echinacea purpurea herbs in reducing symptoms of upper respiratory infection. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The study subject was adults with upper respiratory infection. Intervention was Echinecea purpurea herbs extract with comparison placebo. The study outcome was decreased symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English language, and using randomized controlled trial. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using Revman 5.3 Results: A meta-analysis using 6 studies from United States resulted high heterogeneity between experimental groups (I2= 98%; p<0.001), so it conducted by random effect model (REM). This study showed that provision of Echinecea purpurea herbs extract reduced symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection than placebo (Mean Difference= -0.56; 95% CI= -0.91 to -0.22; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Echinecea purpurea herbs extract reduced symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection than placebo. Keywords: Echinacea purpurea herbs extract, upper respirstory infection Correspondence: Riska Fajar Fatony. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6289508588008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.58

scholarly journals Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 polymorphisms and risk of thyroid neoplasms

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-185
Author(s):  
Karmen Stankov ◽  
Stefano Landi ◽  
Marco Volante ◽  
Mauro Papotti
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gstt1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: In order to test the possibility of association between GSTT1 and M1 (glutathione S-transferase) null allele variant, in which the entire gene is absent, and the risk of TCO (thyroid carcinoma with cell oxyphilia), the case-control study was carried out. Methods: Genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined by multiplex PCR in the DNA from 108 healthy individuals and in DNA from samples of thyroid tumors from 130 patients of the same race and origin as the control group (Caucasian, Italian). The following types of NMTC were analyzed: oxyphilic adenoma (OA), oxyphilic carcinoma (OC) papillary thyroid carcinoma with oxyphilic features (PTCof), follicular adenoma (FA), follicular carcinoma (FC), follicular variant of PTC (fvPTC) and classical PTC. Associations between prevalence of particular genotypes and the occurrence of TCO (versus controls) and other subtypes of NMTC were tested. Associations were quantified by calculating OR (odds ratio) with 95% confidence interval. StatGraphics Plus v. 5 software (Manugistics) was used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study of the association between the GSTT1 and M1 null genotype and the increased risk of TCO, the frequency of GSTT1 null genotype of 19.2% in cases and 15.7% in controls was found with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-2.81), and the frequency of GSTM1 null genotype of 59% in cases with oxyphilic tumors and of 55.6% in controls (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.62-2.48). Conclusion: These results indicate that the GSTT1 and M1 null genotypes do not increase the risk of development of oxyphilic tumors, as well as other types of NMTC that have been included in this study.

scholarly journals Drug Utilization Study of Respiratory Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2340-2343
Author(s):  
Khanwelkar ◽  
Sujata Jadhav C ◽  
Pritam M Sakhare ◽  
Sheshla Sadanandan ◽  
Thorat V M
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

In the present study, we have recorded the percentage of prescribing prevalence for different respiratory drugs and antibiotics and DDDs/1000inhabitants/day for different antibiotics to recognize the drug utilization trends in respiratory tract infections. In the present study, among the upper respiratory infection cases, 89.60% of the patients received antibiotics and culture was done in only 4.62% of patients. Among the lower respiratory infection cases all the patients were prescribed antibiotic therapy, culture was done in 39.58% of patients, and 55.26% was sterile. Pneumonia was found more in the age group of 41 to 70 whereas Nonspecific URTI and Sinusitis in the age group of 17 to 30. The sex distribution of the patients showed that the female constituted of 59.38% of the patients and male constituted of 40.56% of the patients. The upper respiratory tract infection constituted of 69.47% of patients and lower respiratory tract infection constituted of 31.16% of patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document