Sarcopenic obesity is associated with telomere shortening: findings from the NHANES 1999–2002

AbstractSarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia and excess adiposity. Telomere shortening has been associated with sarcopenia and obesity alone but the association between SO and telomere length (TL) has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate SO and TL in an adult population. Data were from 5397 individuals (mean age = 44.7 years, 51.3% male) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Body composition (BC) was assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Two models were used to assess SO: a BC model including four phenotypes derived from the combination of high or low adiposity and muscle mass; and, a truncal fat mass to appendicular skeletal mass ratio (TrFM/ASM). TL was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as base pairs. The mean TL, relative to the reference DNA, was calculated and expressed as the mean T/S ratio. A General Linear Model was applied to determine associations between TL for SO. In adjusted analysis, only individuals with SO, defined as the presence of high adiposity-low muscle mass (four-phenotype model), had significantly shorter telomeres (p = 0.05) than the reference group (i.e. low adiposity-high muscle mass), with a mean T/S ratio of 1.02 (95%CI: 0.98–1.05) compared to 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01–1.09), respectively. TrFM/ASM was not associated with TL. Preliminary findings suggest that sarcopenia and obesity may act synergistically to shorten telomeres.

Download Full-text

Additive effect of low skeletal muscle mass and abdominal obesity on coronary artery calcification

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-20-0885 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Eun Jun ◽

Mira Kang ◽

Sang-Man Jin ◽

Kyunga Kim ◽

You-Cheol Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Reference Group ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Increased Risk

Objective We aimed to investigate the interaction of reduced skeletal muscle mass and abdominal obesity on coronary artery calcification (CAC). Design and methods A total of 19,728 adults free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who contemporaneously underwent cardiac tomography and bioelectrical impedance analysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated the following formula: SMI (%) = total appendicular muscle mass (kg)/body weight (kg) x 100 according to sex. CAC presence or incidence was defined as CAC score>0, and CAC progression was defined as √CAC score (follow-up) − √CAC score (baseline)>2.5. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as SMI ≤ –1.0 standard deviation of the sex-specific mean of a young reference group. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90cm for men and ≥85cm for women. All individuals were further classified into four groups: normal, abdominal obesity alone, pre-sarcopenia alone, and pre-sarcopenic obesity. Results Individuals with pre-sarcopenic obesity showed the highest adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for CAC presence (AOR 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–2.36, P<0.001) as well as total CAC incidence and progression (adjusted hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI: 1.37–1.75, P<0.001), compared with normal individuals. Pre-sarcopenic obesity significantly increased CAC incidence and progression compared to either pre-sarcopenia or abdominal obesity alone. Conclusion Pre-sarcopenia and abdominal obesity together were significantly associated with a higher CAC presence and increased risk of CAC incidence and progression, independent of traditional CVD risk factors.

Download Full-text

DETERMINING THE CUT-OFF VALUES FOR SARCOPENIA IN THE KOREAN ELDERLY POPULATION USING BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2015.38 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

E.-J. CHANG ◽

H.-W. JUNG ◽

S.-W. KIM ◽

N.-J. HEO ◽

H.-J. CHIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Reference Group ◽

Class Ii ◽

Korean Population ◽

Class I ◽

Bioimpedance Analysis ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

Korean Elderly ◽

Gender Specific

Background: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is known to be a useful method for assessing sarcopenia because cost-effective and not involving radiation exposure. However, the cut-off values for sarcopenia using BIA have not yet been determined in the Korean population. Objectives: To establish the cut-off values for sarcopenia in the Korean elderly population with the use of BIA. Methods: Body composition assessed by BIA was obtained in 7,641 participants aged 20–34 years and 3,902 participants aged ≥65 years from data routinely collected during health examinations at Seoul National University Gangnam Center. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was adjusted for height and weight. Gender-specific cut-points for class I and class II sarcopenia were defined as 1 and 2 standard deviations below the mean in the reference group aged 20–34 years, respectively. In addition, the gender-specific, lowest 20th percentile cut-offs for muscle mass in participants aged ≥65 years were determined. Results: The cut-offs for class I and class II sarcopenia in men for height-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass were 6.74 kg/m2 and 5.96 kg/m2 and for weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass were 29.4% and 27.4%, respectively; those in women for height-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass were 4.93 kg/m2 and 4.35 kg/m2, and for weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass were 25.6% and 23.9%, respectively. The lowest 20th percentile cut-offs for height-adjusted and weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass were 6.69 kg/m2 and 28.9% in men, and 5.76 kg/m2 and 24.5% in women, respectively. Based on the derived cut-offs, prevalence of class II sarcopenia in participants ≥65 years of age for height-adjusted and weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass was 3.7% and 3.5% in men, and 0.2% and 11.2% in women, respectively. Among the above-mentioned definitions, sarcopenia by height-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass was significantly associated with 2-year mortality in older participants. Conclusions: Muscle mass deficit in the Korean population can be assessed based on the cut-offs determined in this study using BIA.

Download Full-text

Additive Effect of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Abdominal Obesity on Coronary Artery Calcification

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40818/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Eun Jun ◽

Mira Kang ◽

Sang-Man Jin ◽

Kyunga Kim ◽

You-Cheol Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Reference Group ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity

Abstract Background Reduced skeletal muscle mass and obesity worsens cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the combined effect of pre-sarcopenia and obesity on overt and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) has yet to be explored. We aimed to investigate the interaction of reduced skeletal muscle mass and abdominal obesity on coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods A total of 19,728 adults free of CVD who contemporaneously underwent cardiac tomography for estimating CAC scores and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at baseline were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Among them, 5,401 subjects who had one and more follow-up CAC score were included in the longitudinal analysis. Skeletal muscle mass was presented using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) [SMI (%) = total appendicular muscle mass (kg)/body weight (kg) x 100] according to sex. CAC presence or incidence was defined as CAC score > 0, and CAC progression was defined as the square root-transformed difference between baseline and follow-up CAC scores > 2.5. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as SMI ≤ –1.0 standard deviation of the sex-specific mean of a young reference group (20-39 years). Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. All subjects were further classified into four groups: normal, abdominal obesity alone, pre-sarcopenia alone, and pre-sarcopenic obesity. Results In total subjects, the normal group was the most common at 57.8%, the abdominal obesity group was 20.4%, the pre-sarcopenic obesity group was 14.3%, and the pre-sarcopenia group was the lowest at 7.5%. The pre-sarcopenic obesity group showed the highest adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for CAC presence (AHR 2.16, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.98-2.36, P <0.001) as well as total events of CAC incidence and progression (AHR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.37 – 1.75, P < 0.001), and the risks were significant compared with those of normal subjects. Pre-sarcopenic obesity significantly increased the risk of CAC incidence and progression compared to either pre-sarcopenia or abdominal obesity alone.Conclusions The coexistence of pre-sarcopenia and abdominal obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of CAC presence and increases the risk of CAC incidence and progression independent of traditional CVD risk factors.

Download Full-text

Growth and population biology of the sand-bubbler crab Scopimera crabricauda Alcock 1900 (Brachyura: Dotillidae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00218-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sana Sharifian ◽

Vahid Malekzadeh ◽

Ehsan Kamrani ◽

Mohsen Safaie

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Population Biology ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Carapace Width ◽

Population Data ◽

Natural Mortality ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Iranian Coast ◽

The Mean ◽

The Persian Gulf

Abstract Background Dotillid crabs are introduced as one common dwellers of sandy shores. We studied the ecology and growth of the sand bubbler crab Scopimera crabricauda Alcock, 1900, in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Crabs were sampled monthly by excavating nine quadrats at three intertidal levels during spring low tides from January 2016 to January 2017. Results Population data show unimodal size-frequency distributions in both sexes. The Von Bertalanffy function was calculated at CWt = 8.76 [1 − exp (− 0.56 (t + 0.39))], CWt = 7.90 [1 − exp (− 0.59 (t + 0.40))] and CWt = 9.35 [1 − exp (− 0.57 (t + 0.41))] for males, females, and both sexes, respectively. The life span appeared to be 5.35, 5.07, and 5.26 years for males, females, and both sexes, respectively. The cohorts were identified as two age continuous groups, with the mean model carapace width 5.39 and 7.11 mm for both sexes. The natural mortality (M) coefficients stood at 1.72 for males, 1.83 for females, and 1.76 years−1 for both sexes, respectively. The overall sex ratio (1:0.4) was significantly different from the expected 1:1 proportion with male-biased. Recruitment occurred with the highest number of annual pulse once a year during the summer. Conclusions The results, which show slow growth, emphasize the necessity of proper management for the survival of the stock of S. crabricauda on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.

Download Full-text

AB0267 BODY COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1432.2-1432

Author(s):

N. Toroptsova ◽

O. Dobrovolskaya ◽

N. Demin ◽

L. Shornikova

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Dual Energy ◽

X Ray ◽

T Score ◽

Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fat ◽

Appendicular Muscle Mass

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disease that modifies body composition. Using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in RA patients could be a method for body composition changes detection.Objectives:To study the body composition using DXA in patients with RA.Methods:The study involved 79 women with RA, median age 60 [55; 65] years. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using «Discovery A» (Hologic, USA). Assessment of body composition was carried out, using the program «Whole body». Sarcopenia (SP) was diagnosed as a decrease in appendicular mass index (AMI) <6.0 kg/m2. Osteoporosis (OP) was diagnosed as a decrease in T-score <-2.5 SD. Osteosarcopenia was determined when T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2, osteosarcopenic obesity - T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2and total fat was >35%.Results:The mean duration of RA was 9 [3; 11] years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.6±4.8 kg/m2. Disease activity score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4.5±1.3 points for the group. 39 (49.3%) patients used oral glucocorticoids continuously. Appendicular muscle mass and AMI were on average 17.8±3.0 kg and 6.8±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. AMI <6 kg/m2was detected in 20 (25.3%) patients. 56 (70.9%) women with RA had total fat > 35%, while only 22 (27.8%) of women with RA had obesity according to BMI (BMI >30 kg/m2). Isolated OP was found in 13 (16.5%), osteosarcopenia in 7 (8.9%) and osteosarcopenic obesity in 13 (16.5%) patients RA. No cases with isolated sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity were detected. Only 3 (3.8%) patients did not have appendicular muscle mass, AMI and BMD decrease and overfat or obesity.Conclusion:About 97% women with RA had abnormal body composition phenotype: 16,5% - OP, 8.9% -osteosarcopenia, 16,5% - osteosarcopenic obesity and 54,4% - overfat.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Download Full-text

The Association of Mitochondrial Copy Number with Sarcopenia in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djab084 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelly McCastlain ◽

Carrie R Howell ◽

Catherine E Welsh ◽

Zhaoming Wang ◽

Carmen L Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Copy Number ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Alkylating Agents ◽

Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽

Central Nervous System Tumor ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number

Abstract Background Adult childhood cancer survivors are at risk for frailty, including low muscle mass and weakness (sarcopenia). Using peripheral blood (PB) mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) as a proxy for functional mitochondria, this study describes cross-sectional associations between mtDNAcn and sarcopenia among survivors. Methods Among 1,762 adult childhood cancer survivors (51.6% male; median age = 29.4 [IQR = 23.3-36.8] years), with a median of 20.6 years from diagnosis (IQR = 15.2-28.2), mtDNAcn estimates were derived from whole-genome sequencing. A subset was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and evaluated cross-sectionally using multivariable logistic regression for their association with sarcopenia, defined by race-, age-, and sex-specific low lean muscle mass or weak grip strength. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.0%, higher among females than males (31.5% vs. 22.9%; P < 0.001) and associated with age at diagnosis; 51.7% of survivors with sarcopenia were diagnosed ages 4-13 years (p = 0.01). Sarcopenia was most prevalent (39.0%) among central nervous system tumor survivors. Cranial radiation (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.32-2.59) and alkylating agents (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04-1.72) increased, while glucocorticoids decreased odds (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.56-0.93) of sarcopenia. mtDNAcn decreased with age (β=-0.81; P = 0.002), was higher among females (β = 9.23; P = 0.01) and among survivors with a C allele at mt.204 (β=-17.9; P = 0.02). In adjusted models, every standard deviation decrease in mtDNAcn increased the odds of sarcopenia 20% (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.07-1.34). Conclusions While a growing body of evidence supports PB mtDNAcn as a biomarker for adverse health outcomes, this study is the first to report an association between mtDNAcn and sarcopenia among childhood cancer survivors.

Download Full-text

Maternal obesity influences birth weight more than gestational diabetes

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03571-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eman M Alfadhli

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Reference Group ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Antenatal Visit ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

The Mean ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are commonly encountered during pregnancy. Both conditions are independently associated with unfavorable pregnancy consequences. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of obesity and GDM on birth weight, macrosomia, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods This cohort study involved 531 women with a singleton pregnancy attending the Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia, between June 2014 and June 2015. Participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria were used for GDM diagnosis. BMI was assessed at the first antenatal visit, and obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2. All women were followed up until delivery. Women were divided into 4 groups: non-GDM nonobese (reference group), GDM nonobese, obese non-GDM, and obese GDM. Clinical characteristics and adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results The mean age and BMI of the participants were 30.5 years and 29.3 kg/m2, respectively. GDM was diagnosed in 50.2% of the participants, and obesity was diagnosed in 47.8% of the participants. Obese women with GDM were the oldest and heaviest among all women. The mean birth weight increased in order among the four groups; it was highest in the infants in the obese GDM group, followed by those in the obese non-GDM, GDM nonobese and reference groups. Obesity and GDM alone or in combination were associated with higher rates of macrosomia and cesarean deliveries than the reference group. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was higher in infants in the GDM nonobese and obese GDM groups. The frequency of low Apgar score was significantly higher in infants in the obese GDM group than in infants in the reference group. Conclusions Maternal obesity seems to influence birth weight more than GDM, while GDM is associated with a greater risk of admission to the NICU. The combination of both conditions is associated with the greatest risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Download Full-text

A MODIFIED RATIO TYPE ESTIMATOR OF FINITE POPULATION MEAN UNDER STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING SCHEME

10.36106/4917049 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

Naziru Fadisanku Haruna ◽

Ran Vijay Kumar Singh ◽

Samsudeen Dahiru

Keyword(s):

Mean Square Error ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Minimum Mean Square Error ◽

Real Life ◽

Population Data ◽

Auxiliary Variable ◽

Mean Square ◽

Data Set ◽

Population Mean ◽

The Mean

In This paper a modied ratio-type estimator for nite population mean under stratied random sampling using single auxiliary variable has been proposed. The expression for mean square error and bias of the proposed estimator are derived up to the rst order of approximation. The expression for minimum mean square error of proposed estimator is also obtained. The mean square error the proposed estimator is compared with other existing estimators theoretically and condition are obtained under which proposed estimator performed better. A real life population data set has been considered to compare the efciency of the proposed estimator numerically.

Download Full-text

Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Adolescents With a Subanalysis on Return to Sport: A Systematic Review

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546519875131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1526-1534

Author(s):

Sarah L. Chen ◽

David R. Maldonado ◽

Cammille C. Go ◽

Cynthia Kyin ◽

Ajay C. Lall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Short Form ◽

Adult Population ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Patient Reported ◽

The Mean

Background: There is a plethora of literature on outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery in the adult population; however, outcomes in the adolescent population have not been as widely reported. Additionally, as adolescents represent a very active population, it is imperative to understand their athletic activity and return to sport after hip arthroscopic surgery. Purpose: To analyze patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopic surgery in adolescents (aged 10-19 years) and present a return-to-sport analysis in the athletic adolescent subgroup. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify articles that reported PROs after hip arthroscopic surgery in adolescents. The standardized mean difference was calculated to compare the effect size of hip arthroscopic surgery on various PROs. For the athletic subgroup, a return-to-sport summary was also provided. Results: Ten studies, with 618 adolescent hips and a collective study period of December 2004 to February 2015, were included in this systematic review. Across all studies, the mean age was 15.8 years (range, 11.0-19.9 years), and female patients composed approximately 56.7% of the entire cohort. The mean follow-up was 34.5 months (range, 12-120 months). The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was reported in 9 studies, and at latest follow-up, scores were excellent in 4 studies (range, 90-95) and good in the remaining 5 studies (range, 82.1-89.6). All adolescents also showed significant improvement on the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), the HOS–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), the physical component of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12P), a visual analog scale for pain (VAS), and both versions of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12 and iHOT-33) at latest follow-up ( P < .05). Further, mean improvements reported in all studies surpassed reported values of the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state for the mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-33. Finally, the collective return-to-sport rate among athletic adolescents was 84.9%. Conclusion: In the setting of labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement, hip arthroscopic surgery can safely be performed in adolescents and leads to significant functional improvement. Furthermore, athletic adolescents return to sport at high levels after hip arthroscopic surgery.

Download Full-text