scholarly journals The beneficial effects of physical exercise in the brain and related pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Tim Yan ◽  
John Man-Tak Chu ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Sophie Dunnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 and its effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Cristina dos Santos ◽  
Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes ◽  
Antonio Cardozo dos Santos ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pires Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Electron Transportation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

According to clinical and pre-clinical studies, oxidative stress and its consequences may be the cause or, at least, a contributing factor, to a large number of neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases include common and debilitating disorders, characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in specific regions of the brain. The most common neurodegenerative diseases are Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been extensively studied since its discovery in 1957. It is a component of the electron transportation chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The property of CoQ10 to act as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant, suggests that it also plays an important role in the modulation of redox cellular status under physiological and pathological conditions, also performing a role in the ageing process. In several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, CoQ10 has shown beneficial effects in reducing disease progression. However, further studies are needed to assess the outcome and effectiveness of CoQ10 before exposing patients to unnecessary health risks at significant costs.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Pinho ◽  
Aderbal S. Aguiar ◽  
Zsolt Radák
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Systematic Database

This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.

scholarly journals Does Irisin Link Physical Exercise with Alzheimer’s Disease?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman ◽  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Yonggeun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Irisin, a skeletal muscle-secreted myokine, produced in response to physical exercise, has protective functions in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, including the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and modification of telomere length. Such beneficial effects may inhibit or delay the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review is based on the hypothesis that irisin produced by physical exercise helps control AD progression. Herein, we describe the physiology of irisin and its potential role in delaying or preventing AD. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin show promising results, further research is required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for treating human diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of PGC-1α/UCP2 Signaling in the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane José de Oliveira Bristot ◽  
Ana Cristina de Bem Alves ◽  
Liziane Rosa Cardoso ◽  
Débora da Luz Scheffer ◽  
Aderbal Silva Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Exercise and brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Жизненный опыт, многочисленные экспериментальные и клинические данные свидетельствуют о благотворном действии движения, физических нагрузок на сохранение телесного и душевного здоровья человека. Более того, множество психических, неврологических и нейродегенеративных болезней и состояний, таких как инсульт, травмы мозга, наркомании, для которых нет эффективных фармакологических средств, могут быть предотвращены, существенно облегчены, замедленны в развитии физическими упражнениями. Современная неврология выяснила ряд механизмов, которыми мышечное движение обеспечивает профилактический и лечебный эффект: синтез нейротрансмиттеров, нейротрофинов и других факторов роста, стимуляция нейропластичности, образование новых связей и перекомбинация старых, ангиогенез, митогормезис, нейрогенез. Life experience and numerous experimental and clinical data evidence beneficial effects of mobility and physical activity on maintaining human bodily and mental health. Moreover, many mental, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, such as stroke, brain trauma, and drug addiction, for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies, can be prevented, considerably alleviated or slowed by physical exercise. Modern neurology has identified a number of mechanisms, by which muscular movements provide preventive and curative effects, including synthesis of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins and other growth factors, stimulation of neuroplasticity, formation of new and recombination of old connections, angiogenesis, mitohormesis, and neurogenesis.

The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Retina and Choroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (04) ◽  
pp. 446-449
Author(s):  
Irén Szalai ◽  
Fanni Pálya ◽  
Anita Csorba ◽  
Miklós Tóth ◽  
Gabor Mark Somfai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThere is only limited information available on the effects of physical exercise on the posterior pole. Retinal circulation is autoregulated similarly to the brain vasculature in order to provide constant flow and thus constant nutrition of the inner retinal structures while the choroid is mostly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The available data show that physical exercise may indeed have a positive effect on the retina and visual function. The assessment of retinal structure could serve as a marker in sports medicine, whereas physical activity could exert a positive protective effect against diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. According to our theory, similar to the term “trained heart” used in cardiology and sports medicine, the term “trained eye” could also be coined. This latter term would help to further emphasize the beneficial effects of physical exercise that works protectively not only for the cardiovascular but for the visual system as well, and thus could further help in the fight against avoidable blindness worldwide.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Activity via the Adaptation of Astrocytes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Grazia Maugeri ◽  
Velia D’Agata ◽  
Benedetta Magrì ◽  
Federico Roggio ◽  
Alessandro Castorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

The multifold benefits of regular physical exercise have been largely demonstrated in human and animal models. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of physical activity, both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS). Regular exercise improves cognition, brain plasticity, neurogenesis and reduces the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, making timeless the principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a healthy mind in a healthy body). Physical exercise promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, acting not only in neurons but also in astrocytes, which represent the most numerous glial cells in the brain. The multiple effects of exercise on astrocytes comprise the increased number of new astrocytes, the maintenance of basal levels of catecholamine, the increase in glutamate uptake, the major release of trophic factors and better astrocytic coverage of cerebral blood vessels. The purpose of this review is to highlight the effects of exercise on brain function, emphasize the role of astrocytes in the healthy CNS, and provide an update for a better understanding of the effects of physical exercise in the modulation of astrocyte function.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology-mediated crossing of two impermeable membranes to modulate the stars of the neurovascular unit for neuroprotection

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. E12333-E12342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapurao Surnar ◽  
Uttara Basu ◽  
Bhabatosh Banik ◽  
Anis Ahmad ◽  
Brian Marples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
The Brain

The success of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant and antiinflammatory-based neuroprotectants to the brain to improve neuronal functions in neurodegenerative diseases has demonstrated lesser impact instead of achieving its full potential. We hypothesized that these failures were due to a combination of parameters, such as: (i) unavailability of a delivery vehicle, which can reproducibly and efficiently transport through the brain capillary endothelium; (ii) inefficient uptake of therapeutic nanoparticles in the neuronal cell population; and (iii) limited ability of a single nanoparticle to cross the two most-impermeable biological barriers, the blood–brain barrier and mitochondrial double membrane, so that a nanoparticle can travel through the brain endothelial barrier to the mitochondria of target cells where oxidative damage is localized. Herein, we demonstrate optimization of a biodegradable nanoparticle for efficient brain accumulation and protection of astrocytes from oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions to enhance the neuroprotection ability of astrocytes toward neurons using neurodegeneration characteristics in SOD1G93A rats. This biodegradable nanomedicine platform with the ability to accumulate in the brain has the potential to bring beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases by modulating the stars, astrocytes in the brain, to enhance their neuroprotective actions.

Effect of novel quercetin pivaloyl ester on functions of adult rat microglia

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Kuniaková ◽  
Nataša Mrvová ◽  
Vladimír Knezl ◽  
Lucia Račková
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Glial Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases can involve alterations of microglia, the brain counterpart of macrophages. These include microglial over-activation, replicative senescence, accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin and mitochondrial dysfunction. Substantial evidence suggests that dietary flavonoids are capable to modulate and probably revert the hyperactive and senescence phenotype of these cells. The present study assessed the effect of a novel semisynthetic flavonoid 3’-O-(3-chloropivaloyl)quercetin (CPQ) on the functions of adult rat microglia, isolated secondarily to the establishment of mixed glial cultures and compared it with the effect of the unmodified molecule, quercetin. CPQ suppressed NO release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells more effectively than did quercetin. Unlike quercetin, CPQ inhibited the injury of cell viability due to oxidative challenge and suppressed senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of microglia isolated from long-term mixed glial cultures. Both flavonoids tested protected the functions of microglia in response to inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, both compounds protected the isolated microglia from adverse effects of HEPES-buffered media. This was followed by an increase of cell yields, improvement of lysosomal function, suppression of nuclear protein oxidation and inhibition of lipofuscin accumulation (at a slightly more profound effect of CPQ). In conclusion, our data support the experimental evidence suggesting beneficial effects of flavonoids in modulation of neuropathology- and ageing-related alterations of microglia. In this regard, the novel pivaloyl ester of quercetin might represent a new drug with improved potential against neurodegenerative diseases.

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