The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Retina and Choroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (04) ◽  
pp. 446-449
Author(s):  
Irén Szalai ◽  
Fanni Pálya ◽  
Anita Csorba ◽  
Miklós Tóth ◽  
Gabor Mark Somfai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThere is only limited information available on the effects of physical exercise on the posterior pole. Retinal circulation is autoregulated similarly to the brain vasculature in order to provide constant flow and thus constant nutrition of the inner retinal structures while the choroid is mostly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The available data show that physical exercise may indeed have a positive effect on the retina and visual function. The assessment of retinal structure could serve as a marker in sports medicine, whereas physical activity could exert a positive protective effect against diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. According to our theory, similar to the term “trained heart” used in cardiology and sports medicine, the term “trained eye” could also be coined. This latter term would help to further emphasize the beneficial effects of physical exercise that works protectively not only for the cardiovascular but for the visual system as well, and thus could further help in the fight against avoidable blindness worldwide.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Annamaria Tisi ◽  
Marco Feligioni ◽  
Maurizio Passacantando ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Rita Maccarone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.

scholarly journals Macular Evaluation wıth Spectral Domain Type Optic Coherence Tomography in Eyes with Acute Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy at the Presentation Visit

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Oya Donmez ◽  
Gamze Kocaoglu ◽  
Aylin Yaman ◽  
Meltem Soylev Bajin ◽  
Ali Osman Saatci
Keyword(s):  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Domain Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To evaluate the macula with spectral domain type optic coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) at the presentation visit. Methods: Medical charts of the 133 patients who received the diagnosis of acute NAION between January 2008 and July 2014 at the Neuro-ophthalmology unit of Dokuz Eylul University were reviewed retrospectively. Sixtythree patients within 30 days of symptom onset with available baseline spectral domain type macular OCT were included in this study. Clinical and macular characteristics of the affected eye were assessed and compared to the fellow eyes. Results: Sixty-three eyes of 63 patients comprised the study group. Twenty one study eyes (33.3%) had normal posterior pole, 22 (34.9%) some evidence of subretinal fluid, 10 (15.8%) vitreomacular adhesion, five (7%) age-related macular degeneration related changes, four (6%) epiretinal membrane and one (1%) previous grid laser scars. On the other hand, 41 of 63 the fellow eyes (65%) had normal posterior pole, ten (15.8%), vitreomacular adhesion, seven (10.7%), age-related macular degeneration related changes, three (4%) epiretinal membrane and two (3%) other type of changes. OCT scan passing through the fovea exhibited 10 or more hyperreflective dots in 10 (15%) of the study eyes whereas two of the fellow eyes (3.2%) had 10 or more hyperreflective dots. Conclusion: Macular OCT can be a part of the routine neuroophthalmologic examination in patients with acute NAION not only to show the NAION related changes such as the subretinal fluid accumulation but also to identify the other coexistent macular abnormalities.

scholarly journals Ophthalmology: ozone therapy applied to dystrophic maculopathy

Ozone Therapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Grechi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
The Brain

The macula, which is the noblest part of the retina, is a very small structure, containing the photoreceptors (rods and cones) responsible for visual acuity. Over the years, observations have confirmed that alterations that modify the optimal state of the eye also give rise to similar diseases in the brain: ischemias, structural circulatory alterations and neurodegeneration. As the body ages, oxidative alterations take place and they change the antioxidant systems that serves as a neurological and ocular defence. In industrialised nations, age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in patients over 55 years of age. Initially, this creates drusen (or colloid cysts) in the macular area.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications of theα-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Daniele ◽  
Barbara Costa ◽  
Deborah Pietrobono ◽  
Chiara Giacomelli ◽  
Caterina Iofrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding forα-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson’s disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise onSNCAepigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA(SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomericα-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, theSNCAI1methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, lowα-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship betweenSNCAI1methylation andα-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by bloodα-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomericα-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on theSNCAmethylation status and protein levels ofα-synuclein.

scholarly journals The Role of PGC-1α/UCP2 Signaling in the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane José de Oliveira Bristot ◽  
Ana Cristina de Bem Alves ◽  
Liziane Rosa Cardoso ◽  
Débora da Luz Scheffer ◽  
Aderbal Silva Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

Hazelnut modulates neurobehaviour and ameliorates ageing-induced oxidative stress, and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Tope Olofinnade ◽  
Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo ◽  
Olakunle James Onaolapo ◽  
Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Background: Organismal aging has been associated with deleterious effects in different body tissues and organs, including the brain. There have been reports from ancient medicinal scripts of the beneficial effects of nuts like hazelnut in preventing aging induced-brain atrophy and memory loss. Objectives: This study examined the potential beneficial effects of a diet supplemented with two different (Italian and Turkish) cultivars of hazelnut on the brain of aged mice. Methods: Aged (24 months old) mice were randomly assigned into 7 groups of ten mice each. Mice were grouped as standard diet (SD) control, three groups of Turkish and three groups of Italian hazelnut incorporated into SD at 2, 4 and 8% respectively. Animals were fed standard or hazelnut diet for 8 weeks. On day 56, behaviours in the elevated plus maze, radial-arm maze, open field, and Y-maze paradigms were monitored and scored, following which animals were euthanized. The brains were removed, weighed and homogenized for the assessment of specific biochemical tests. Result: Results showed that hazelnut-supplemented diet was associated with significantly increased weight gain, with the Italian hazelnut being associated with greater weight gain. Hazelnut-supplemented diet also increased behavioural parameters such as horizontal locomotion and grooming, while it decreased rearing activity. Working-memory also improved significantly with both cultivars of hazelnut, while anxiety indices were reduced at lower concentrations of Italian, and higher concentrations of Turkish hazelnut. Both hazelnut varieties were associated with reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity, reduction in superoxide dismutase activity, reduction in nitric oxide levels, reduction in caspase-3 level, but increased dopamine level. Conclusion: Overall hazelnut cultivars have beneficial effects on the brain in aged mice; suggesting a possible role in the prevention or management of age-related neurodegenerative changes.

scholarly journals Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Phat Huynh ◽  
Shivani N. Mann ◽  
Nawajes A. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.

scholarly journals Management of Ocular Diseases Using Lutein and Zeaxanthin: What Have We Learned from Experimental Animal Studies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Xue ◽  
Richard Rosen ◽  
Adrienne Jordan ◽  
Dan-Ning Hu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Zeaxanthin and lutein are two carotenoid pigments that concentrated in the retina, especially in the macula. The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, and uveitis, have been studied in different experimental animal models. In these animal models, lutein and zeaxanthin have been reported to have beneficial effects in protecting ocular tissues and cells (especially the retinal neurons) against damage caused by different etiological factors. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of lutein and zeaxanthin include prevention of phototoxic damage by absorption of blue light, reduction of oxidative stress through antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging, and their anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. The results of these experimental animal studies may provide new preventive and therapeutic procedures for clinical management of various vision-threatening diseases.

scholarly journals Visuomotor memory in elderly: effect of a physical exercise program

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-649
Author(s):  
João Silva ◽  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Manuel Botelho ◽  
Basílio Fechine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Positive Effect

Memory, namely visuomotor memory, is one of the most essential cognitive functions in elder’s life. Among others, regular exercise seems to be an important factor in counteracting age-related-cognitive skills changes and thus prevent memory loss. However, in spite of the importance of visuomotor memory, the results of the scarce studies concerning the influence of exercise on this capacity are contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise (PE) in visuomotor memory (VMM) of elderly adults in function of gender and age. VMM (time spent in performing the test and errors during the execution) of 74 subjects aged 60-90 years, being 36 practitioners of PE (P - mean age of 70.22 ± 0.90 years) and 38 non-practitioners (NP - mean age of 68.26 ± 1.12 years) were assessed by VMM Test. The results showed that: a) P presented a better performance in the time of performing the test and in the number of errors committed compared to NP; b) Gender and age did not influence the VMM performance. Data suggest that PE seems to have positive effect in the VMM, independently of gender and age.

scholarly journals Small choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas: methods of differential diagnostics (literature review). Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
E. B. Myakoshina
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fluorescence Angiography ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Age Related

The first part of the literature review described the ophthalmoscopic picture of the small choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas [ROJ, 2019; 12 (4): 99–108]. This is the second part of the review, which describes the features characteristic of small uveal melanoma and pseudomelanomas, revealed by fluorescence angiography and autofluorescence. Typical properties of fluorescence and autofluorescence are presented for every disease of the eye fundus studied: small choroidal melanoma, choroidal nevus, circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, melanocytoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, late-stage age-related macular degeneration, focal retinochoroiditis of the posterior pole, organized subretinal hemorrhage, retinal hemangioma. The attention was focused on the similarity of angiographic and autofluorescence symptoms of the diseases under study. The need for new differential diagnostic criteria was emphasized.

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