scholarly journals Does Irisin Link Physical Exercise with Alzheimer’s Disease?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman ◽  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Yonggeun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Irisin, a skeletal muscle-secreted myokine, produced in response to physical exercise, has protective functions in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, including the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and modification of telomere length. Such beneficial effects may inhibit or delay the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review is based on the hypothesis that irisin produced by physical exercise helps control AD progression. Herein, we describe the physiology of irisin and its potential role in delaying or preventing AD. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin show promising results, further research is required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for treating human diseases.

scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Interaction of the Myokine Irisin with Physical Exercise and Alzheimer’s Disease

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Dewan Sumsuzzman ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Hyunbon Kang ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Aβ Aggregation ◽  
The Brain

Irisin, a skeletal muscle-secreted myokine, produced in response to physical exercise, has protective functions in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, including the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. In particular, irisin is capable of protecting hippocampus. Since this area is the region of the brain that is most susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such beneficial effect may inhibit or delay the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Also, the factors engaged in irisin formation appear to suppress Aβ aggregation, which is the pathological hallmark of AD. This review is based on the hypothesis that irisin produced by physical exercise helps to control AD progression. Herein, we describe the physiology of irisin and its potential role in delaying or preventing AD progression in human.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Skeletal Muscle Sequelae after Stroke: Role of Physical Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio José Coelho Junior ◽  
Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi ◽  
Tiego Aparecido Diniz ◽  
Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes ◽  
Érico Chagas Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory markers are increased systematically and locally (e.g., skeletal muscle) in stroke patients. Besides being associated with cardiovascular risk factors, proinflammatory cytokines seem to play a key role in muscle atrophy by regulating the pathways involved in this condition. As such, they may cause severe decrease in muscle strength and power, as well as impairment in cardiorespiratory fitness. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) has been widely suggested as a powerful tool for treating stroke patients, since PE is able to regenerate, even if partially, physical and cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise in poststroke patients remain poorly understood. Thus, in this study we analyze the candidate mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy in stroke patients, as well as the modulatory effect of inflammation in this condition. Later, we suggest the two strongest anti-inflammatory candidate mechanisms, myokines and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which may be activated by physical exercise and may contribute to a decrease in proinflammatory markers of poststroke patients.

scholarly journals Exercise and brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Жизненный опыт, многочисленные экспериментальные и клинические данные свидетельствуют о благотворном действии движения, физических нагрузок на сохранение телесного и душевного здоровья человека. Более того, множество психических, неврологических и нейродегенеративных болезней и состояний, таких как инсульт, травмы мозга, наркомании, для которых нет эффективных фармакологических средств, могут быть предотвращены, существенно облегчены, замедленны в развитии физическими упражнениями. Современная неврология выяснила ряд механизмов, которыми мышечное движение обеспечивает профилактический и лечебный эффект: синтез нейротрансмиттеров, нейротрофинов и других факторов роста, стимуляция нейропластичности, образование новых связей и перекомбинация старых, ангиогенез, митогормезис, нейрогенез. Life experience and numerous experimental and clinical data evidence beneficial effects of mobility and physical activity on maintaining human bodily and mental health. Moreover, many mental, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, such as stroke, brain trauma, and drug addiction, for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies, can be prevented, considerably alleviated or slowed by physical exercise. Modern neurology has identified a number of mechanisms, by which muscular movements provide preventive and curative effects, including synthesis of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins and other growth factors, stimulation of neuroplasticity, formation of new and recombination of old connections, angiogenesis, mitohormesis, and neurogenesis.

scholarly journals Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1663-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-jie Li ◽  
Qin Jiang ◽  
Guo-fan Cao ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Biao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins

Autophagy is an important intracellular degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic proteins to lysosome for degradation. Dysfunction of autophagy is implicated in several human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Autophagy-related proteins are constitutively expressed in the eye. Increasing studies have revealed that abnormal autophagy is an important pathological feature of several ocular diseases. Pharmacological manipulation of autophagy may provide an alternative therapeutic target for some ocular diseases. In this manuscript, we reviewed the relevant progress about the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases.

scholarly journals Road to exercise mimetics: targeting nuclear receptors in skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. T87-T100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Fan ◽  
Annette R Atkins ◽  
Ruth T Yu ◽  
Michael Downes ◽  
Ronald M Evans
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Exercise Mimetics ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Energy Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and is the major site for energy expenditure. It exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise. Physical exercise remodels skeletal muscle and enhances its capability to burn calories, which has been shown to be beneficial for many clinical conditions including the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Nuclear receptors (NRs) comprise a class of transcription factors found only in metazoans that regulate major biological processes such as reproduction, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for NRs and their co-regulators in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and exercise-induced muscle remodeling. While nothing can fully replace exercise, development of exercise mimetics that enhance or even substitute for the beneficial effects of physical exercise would be of great benefit. The unique property of NRs that allows modulation by endogenous or synthetic ligands makes them bona fide therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of NRs and their co-regulators in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and summarize recent progress in the development of exercise mimetics that target NRs and their co-regulators.

Habitual physical exercise has beneficial effects on telomere length in postmenopausal women

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Ha Kim ◽  
Jae-Hong Ko ◽  
Duk-chul Lee ◽  
Inja Lim ◽  
Hyoweon Bang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals Does Irisin Link Physical Exercise with Alzheimer’s Disease?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman ◽  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Yonggeun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Apoptotic Effects ◽  
Factor Modification

The skeletal muscle-secreted myokine irisin, which is produced in response to physical exercise, has several protective functions both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, modification of telomere length, inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects that may be of benefit in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present review is based on the hypothesis that irisin connects physical exercise with AD progression. We herein describe current knowledge of the physiology of irisin and its potential role in AD. We conclude that, although current and ongoing research on irisin is very promising, further research is required to clarify its potential as a meaningful target for drugs to treat human diseases.

Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liang ◽  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on brain functions in humans and animals. Exercise can improve memory and learning in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In animal models, physical exercise regulates epigenetics, promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis, regulates the expression levels of neurotrophic factors, and improves cognitive function. Therefore, exercise is very important for brain rehabilitation and remodeling. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms by which exercise exerts positive effects on brain function. This knowledge implies that physical exercise can be used as a non-drug therapy for neurological diseases.

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