scholarly journals Exercise and brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Жизненный опыт, многочисленные экспериментальные и клинические данные свидетельствуют о благотворном действии движения, физических нагрузок на сохранение телесного и душевного здоровья человека. Более того, множество психических, неврологических и нейродегенеративных болезней и состояний, таких как инсульт, травмы мозга, наркомании, для которых нет эффективных фармакологических средств, могут быть предотвращены, существенно облегчены, замедленны в развитии физическими упражнениями. Современная неврология выяснила ряд механизмов, которыми мышечное движение обеспечивает профилактический и лечебный эффект: синтез нейротрансмиттеров, нейротрофинов и других факторов роста, стимуляция нейропластичности, образование новых связей и перекомбинация старых, ангиогенез, митогормезис, нейрогенез. Life experience and numerous experimental and clinical data evidence beneficial effects of mobility and physical activity on maintaining human bodily and mental health. Moreover, many mental, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, such as stroke, brain trauma, and drug addiction, for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies, can be prevented, considerably alleviated or slowed by physical exercise. Modern neurology has identified a number of mechanisms, by which muscular movements provide preventive and curative effects, including synthesis of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins and other growth factors, stimulation of neuroplasticity, formation of new and recombination of old connections, angiogenesis, mitohormesis, and neurogenesis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Physical Exercise on Mental Health: From Cognitive Improvements to Risk of Addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13384
Author(s):  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
Mirko Casu ◽  
Miriam Amato ◽  
Dario Cocuzza ◽  
Valeria Galofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: we aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity on cognitive functions and deficits of healthy population and other needy groups. Secondly, we investigated the relation between healthy habits and psychopathological risks. Finally, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on exercise addiction and possible associated disorders. (2) Methods: From April 2021 to October 2021, we conducted a review aimed at identifying the effects of physical exercise on mental health, from cognitive improvements to risk of addiction; we searched for relevant studies on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL. (3) Results: For the first purpose, results indicated multiple effects such as better precision and response speed in information processing tasks on healthy populations; improvement of executive functions, cognitive flexibility and school performance in children; improvement of attention and executive functions and less hyperactivity and impulsiveness on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); improvement of executive and global functions on adults; improvement of overall cognitive functioning on patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder. Data also demonstrated that exercise addiction seems to be related to low levels of education, low self-esteem, eating disorders and body dysmorphisms. Eventually, it was found that people with lower traits and intolerance of uncertainty show a strong association between COVID-19 anxiety and compulsive exercise and eating disorder. (4) Conclusions: these findings underline on one side the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognitive function in healthy individuals in a preventive and curative key, while on the other side the importance of an adequate evaluation of psychological distress and personality characteristics associated with exercise addiction.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications of theα-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Daniele ◽  
Barbara Costa ◽  
Deborah Pietrobono ◽  
Chiara Giacomelli ◽  
Caterina Iofrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding forα-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson’s disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise onSNCAepigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA(SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomericα-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, theSNCAI1methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, lowα-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship betweenSNCAI1methylation andα-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by bloodα-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomericα-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on theSNCAmethylation status and protein levels ofα-synuclein.

scholarly journals Lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I and oxidative stress in professional footballers, sedentary individuals, and their relatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Margioti Zanella ◽  
Marcelo Arruda Nakazone ◽  
Marcela Augusta Souza Pinhel ◽  
Dorotéia Rossi Silva Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cholesterol Fraction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether lipid profile (LP), apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-I) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have any relationship with physical exercise by comparing the groups of footballers (FG) with sedentary individuals (CG) and their relatives (RFG and RCG). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty individuals from FG and CG, 60 from RFG, and 57 from RCG were studied. RESULTS: FG showed lower levels of total cholesterol (119.5 ± 37.9 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol fraction (53.6 ± 30.3), apo A-I (116.7 ± 11.9), and higher level of HDL-cholesterol fraction (HDLc) (49.7 ± 8.5) compared to RFG (148.3 ± 36.9, P = 0.02; 82.4 ± 37.7, P < 0.01; 124.6 ± 10.2, P = 0.03; and 42.7 ± 7.7, P < 0.01; respectively). Moreover, FG had reduced levels of MDA (101.0 ± 77.0 ng/mL) compared to CG (290.0 ± 341.0, P = 0.03) and RFG (209.9 ± 197.5, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an association between physical exercise and lower levels of MDA in FG. Physical activity seems to promote beneficial effects on the LP regardless of the genetic influence considering HDLc levels.

scholarly journals Does Irisin Link Physical Exercise with Alzheimer’s Disease?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman ◽  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Yonggeun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Irisin, a skeletal muscle-secreted myokine, produced in response to physical exercise, has protective functions in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, including the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and modification of telomere length. Such beneficial effects may inhibit or delay the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD). This review is based on the hypothesis that irisin produced by physical exercise helps control AD progression. Herein, we describe the physiology of irisin and its potential role in delaying or preventing AD. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin show promising results, further research is required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for treating human diseases.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL LOAD ON THE MORAL APPEARANCE OF A STUDENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Vladimirovna Trushkova ◽  
◽  
Yuri Vladimirovich Shikhovtsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Role Of The State

The article analyzes the beneficial effects of physical activity on the student’s moral character, identifies related problems, ways to solve them and the role of the state in shaping the student’s moral character in order to attract them to daily sports, choose sports as a way of life, thereby reducing the risk of drug addiction and alcoholism.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Resilience and Sports Activity in the Initial Phase of The First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Strahler ◽  
Konrad Smolinski ◽  
Karsten Krüger ◽  
Britta Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mental Health Patient ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Background Quarantine and social-distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic situation resulted in a radical change in lifestyle behaviors. While the reduction of total physical activity is assumed to negatively impact psychological health (higher stress and anxiety levels), regular sports activity during lockdown conditions has beneficial effects on health. Mechanisms are however unclear. The present analysis therefore examined the associations of sports activity with mental health, and assessed whether this is due to a direct effect on experiencing positive emotions and mental health, due to a stress-buffering mechanism, and/or through protecting/enhancing resilience. Methods An online survey, accessible from April 7th to April 30th 2020, gathered data on sports activity (Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sport Questionnaire, BSA), mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, PHQ-4, WHO Wellbeing Index, WHO-5), momentary stress (single item), and resilience (i.e. feeling determined, cheerful, content, and being interested in the things one is doing). The final data set comprised 742 subjects including 534 (72.0%) women and ranging in age from 16 to 83 years (mean: 28.13 ± 11.46 years). Results Across all participants, sports activity was related to higher wellbeing and resilience but lower affective psychopathology. Importantly, all coefficients were below 0.2 indicating only small-sized associations. Moderation analyses confirmed a direct effect of sports activity on affective symptoms and wellbeing. Stress-buffering effects were not confirmed for either outcome but a resilience-protecting effect was seen for both wellbeing and affective psychopathology. Conclusions During the initial phase of the first COVID-19 lockdown, sports activity was associated with better mental health and wellbeing. Besides this direct effect, there was also evidence for a resilience-protecting effect of sport. The assumed stress-buffering effect could not be confirmed. Present findings indicate resilience-protective mechanisms to be a major contributor to sports beneficial effects on mental health during quarantine. Though, results from this cross-sectional, predominantly female, and convenience sample study must be confirmed in more diverse samples.

scholarly journals Development of the LAFTI range of probiotic cultures

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
M L Harvey ◽  
A Henriksson ◽  
N W Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Indigenous Microflora ◽  
Starch Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live microorganisms which, when applied to man or animal, beneficially affect the host by improving the properties of the indigenous microflora. Some of the beneficial effects that a probiotic culture can have on its host include improved digestion and absorption of various nutrients (e.g. lactose, starch), production of vitamins and growth factors, protection against pathogens, stimulation of the immune response, reduction of cholesterol levels and reduction of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity on Subjects with Neurodegenerative Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Laura Vizzi ◽  
Elvira Padua ◽  
Agata Grazia D’Amico ◽  
Virginia Tancredi ◽  
Giovanna D’Arcangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Motor Practice ◽  
Psychomotor Functions

Studies on the effectiveness of physical exercise to treat and/or prevent mental disorders are essential and particularly appropriate, given the rapid growth of the elderly population and the consequent increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. The onset of neurodegenerative diseases is subtle, and progression is irreversible, as there is still no cure capable of stopping them permanently. Therefore, we should not underestimate these diseases and should immediately begin to combine the treatment with physical activity adapted to specific needs. Indeed, it is well known that physical activity has positive effects on mobility, autonomy, and functional capacity, improving not only cognitive functions, but also reducing the risk of developing dementia. Despite several studies in this field, to date there are no specific and effective protocols that promote physical exercise in people with dementia. Based on this evidence, the aim of the present work was to verify whether an adapted physical exercise regimen could promote the maintenance of psychomotor functions in elderly subjects and, therefore, delay the irreversible effects of combinations of dementia and other pathologies associated with aging. Our results clearly show that exercise is very effective in improving psychomotor functions and delaying the progress of neurodegenerative diseases in humans, since we observed that the subjects maintained their cognitive skills after 8 months of physical activity, moreover, two patients presented an amelioration. Based on the results obtained, we recommend that the motor practice, in any chosen form, be considered an integral part of prevention programs based on an active lifestyle in older people. Future studies will be necessary to establish how long lasting the benefits of a specific physical activity are and whether they are enough to delay cognitive decline.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Activity and Sport on Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Tamadher Abdluaziz Muhsen ◽  
Muroj Abdulaziz Muhsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The Impact

Scientists have researched different aspects of physical exercise and sports and their impact on the health of a person. However, the impact of physical activity and sport on mental health has not been looked into extensively. This study reviews the literature on the effect of physical exercises and other sporting activities on mental health. The results indicate the presence of a positive link between participation in physical activities and the mental health of an individual.

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