scholarly journals Autoantibody profiles associated with clinical features in psychotic disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
August Jernbom Falk ◽  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
David Just ◽  
Catherine Toben ◽  
Bernhard T. Baune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Protein Microarrays ◽  
Patient Stratification ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Plasma ◽  
Autoantibody Profiles

AbstractAutoimmune processes are suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Better understanding of the associations between auto-immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoires and clinical features of mental illness could yield novel models of the pathophysiology of psychosis, and markers for biological patient stratification. We undertook cross-sectional detection and quantification of auto-IgGs in peripheral blood plasma of 461 people (39% females) with established psychotic disorder diagnoses. Broad screening of 24 individuals was carried out on group level in eight clinically defined groups using planar protein microarrays containing 42,100 human antigens representing 18,914 proteins. Autoantibodies indicated by broad screening and in the previous literature were measured using a 380-plex bead-based array for autoantibody profiling of all 461 individuals. Associations between autoantibody profiles and dichotomized clinical characteristics were assessed using a stepwise selection procedure. Broad screening and follow-up targeted analyses revealed highly individual autoantibody profiles. Females, and people with family histories of obesity or of psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia had the highest overall autoantibody counts. People who had experienced subjective thought disorder and/or were treated with clozapine (trend) had the lowest overall counts. Furthermore, six autoantibodies were associated with specific psychopathology symptoms: anti-AP3B2 (persecutory delusions), anti-TDO2 (hallucinations), anti-CRYGN (initial insomnia); anti-APMAP (poor appetite), anti-OLFM1 (above-median cognitive function), and anti-WHAMMP3 (anhedonia and dysphoria). Future studies should clarify whether there are causal biological relationships, and whether autoantibodies could be used as clinical markers to inform diagnostic patient stratification and choice of treatment.

Hope and its dimensions in relation to clinical recovery: A cross-sectional study among people with psychotic disorders.

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Anczewska ◽  
Jacek Wciórka ◽  
Paweł Grygiel ◽  
Izabela Nowak ◽  
Janina Sonik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Recovery

CLINICAL FEATURES AND COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN WITH SEPSIS AT DANANG HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Huu Hoi Vo ◽  
Binh Bao Son Bui
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hematologic Tests ◽  
Coagulation Abnormalities ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Key Words Coagulation ◽  
Coagulation Dysfunction

Objective: To determine the relationship between coagulation abnormalities and main clinical features, and hematologic tests. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 65 children with sepsis at the PICU, Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children from April 2012 to June 2013. Results: The frequency of internal hemorrhage in septic shock children was significantly higher than in children with sepsis (p < 0.001). The rate of thrombocytopenia was 30.8%, in which 10.8% of the children had severe thrombocytopenia (<50 x 109/l). Hypofibrinogenemia was observed in 30.8% of the patients, in which severe hypofibrinogenemia (≤ 1 g/l) was observed in 16.9% of the children. The frequency of reduced prothrombin ratio was 40%, in which 23.1% of the patients had prothrombin ratio < 50%. 35.4% of the patients had rAPTT > 1.15. Positive D-dimer and DIC were observed in 53.8% and 20% of the patients, respectively. Hemostatic changes showed the significant relationship with hemorrhage and the mortality of sepsis. Conclusion: Children with sepsis, especially septic shock were at high risk of coagulation dysfunction and coagulation abnormalities showed the correlation with hemorrhage and the mortality of sepsis. Key words: coagulation abnormalities, sepsis, children

Association Between Deep Posterior Cervical Paraspinal Muscle Morphology and Clinical Features in Patients With Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822198965
Author(s):  
Toru Doi ◽  
Nozomu Ohtomo ◽  
Fumihiko Oguchi ◽  
Keiichiro Tozawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Paraspinal Muscle ◽  
Paraspinal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Neck Disability

Study Design: A retrospective observational study. Objective: To clarify the association of the paraspinal muscle area and composition with clinical features in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: Consecutive patients with cervical OPLL who underwent cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery were reviewed. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration ratio (FI%) of deep posterior cervical paraspinal muscles (multifidus [MF] and semispinalis cervicis [SCer]) were examined. We assessed the association of paraspinal muscle measurements with the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes, such as Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. Moreover, we divided the patients into 2 groups according to the extent of the ossified lesion (segmental and localized [OPLL-SL] and continuous and mixed [OPLL-CM] groups) and compared these variables between the 2 groups. Results: 49 patients with cervical OPLL were enrolled in this study. The FI% of the paraspinal muscles was significantly associated with the number of vertebrae ( ρ = 0.283, p = 0.049) or maximum occupancy ratio of OPLL ( ρ = 0.397, p = 0.005). The comparative study results indicated that the NDI score was significantly worse (OPLL-SL, 22.9 ± 13.7 vs. OPLL-CM, 34.4 ± 13.7) and FI% of SCer higher (OPLL-SL, 9.1 ± 1.7% vs. OPLL-CM, 11.1 ± 3.7%) in the OPLL-CM group than those in the OPLL-SL group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that OPLL severity may be associated with fatty infiltration of deep posterior cervical paraspinal muscles, which could affect neck disability in patients with cervical OPLL.

scholarly journals Knowledge of breast cancer among medical students in Syrian Private University, Syria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlma Ismail ◽  
Mosa Shibani ◽  
Hanaa Wael Zahrawi ◽  
Ali Fouad Slitin ◽  
Mhd Amin Alzabibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Since early diagnosis is crucial to reducing mortality, high levels of knowledge regarding general information, risk factors, and symptoms are required among healthcare professionals to deliver breast cancer care. This study aimed to determine Syrian medical students’ knowledge about breast cancer in the fields of general knowledge, common clinical features, and risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Syrian Private University in October 2019 (Breast Cancer Awareness Month), Damascus, during the Syrian war crisis. Data were collected through self-administered surveys and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., United States). The chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge and gender. One way analysis of variance was performed to assess the overall differences in mean knowledge score by study year, GPA, mother’s education, and source of information. Unpaired Student’s T-test was used to analyze the differences in mean knowledge scores (continuous variable) based on smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results Of 320 students, 301 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 94.0%), of which 179(59.5%) were males. The study revealed above-average knowledge scores (total mean = 68.4%) regarding breast cancer, general information (71.9%), common clinical features (71.6%), and risk factors (71.6%). Clinical students (4th, 5th, and 6th years) scored higher compared with pre-clinical students (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years). Conclusion This study showed above-average knowledge scores regarding breast cancer. More efforts to correct misinformation, through reassessing the university curriculum and promoting awareness about breast cancer are required.

scholarly journals Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762199953
Author(s):  
Bhavneesh Saini ◽  
Pir Dutt Bansal ◽  
Mamta Bahetra ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Patients’ attitudes toward conventional and herbal treatments for depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional Israeli survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402199238
Author(s):  
Or Burstein ◽  
Alon Shamir ◽  
Nurit Abramovitz ◽  
Ravid Doron
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Background: As many patients view conventional antidepressants and anxiolytics negatively, it is not surprising that the willingness to apply these treatments is far from ideal, thus posing a critical barrier in promoting an effective and durable treatment. Aim: The present study aimed to explore patients’ attitudes toward conventional and herbal treatments for depression and anxiety, while considering cultural and demographic factors, to further elucidate the antecedes that putatively determine the treatment’s outcome. Methods: During June 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified sampling from a large-scale Israeli volunteer online panel. The final sample included 591 Jewish Israeli adults that reported they were suffering from depression or anxiety. Results: A heterogeneous range of attitudes toward treatment was found: for example, a large group of patients did not utilize prescription medications (39%), a professional consultation (12.9%), or any form of treatment (17.4%). Interestingly, these patients were significantly more likely to support naturally-derived treatments and were less concerned with scientific proof. Further, adverse effects were demonstrated as a prominent factor in the choice of treatment. A higher incidence of adverse effects was associated with an increased willingness to consider an alternative herbal treatment. Noteworthy attitudes were found in orthodox-Jewish individuals, who showed similar consultation rates, but utilized more psychological, rather than pharmacological treatments. Conclusions: It is proposed that patients’ perspectives and cultural backgrounds are needed to be taken into consideration during the clinical assessment and choice of treatment. The findings imply that a particular emphasis should be placed on patients that discard conventional pharmacological options and on distinct cultural aspects. Several recommendations for revising the current policy are advocated to promote more culturally-informed and patient-oriented care.

scholarly journals Characterization of depressive syndrome in schizophrenic outpatients

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Soares de Araújo ◽  
Kátia Petribú ◽  
Othon Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv

OBJECTIVE: The authors carried out a cross-sectional study with the aim of characterizing and describing depressive pictures in schizophrenic patients seen at the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). The patients had the diagnosis of schizophrenia confirmed on the basis of the operating criteria of the DSM-IV. METHODS: Those who where in the period of stabilization of the clinical picture were selected for the study defined according the following criteria:the last psychotic episode must be happened two months before at least, and during this period the alterations of the antipsychotics doses had been lower than 5 mg of haloperidol or equivalent doses of others neuroleptics. A total of one hundred and four patients took part. Following the identification of the depressive symptoms using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), thirty-one patients (29.8%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria described in the DSM-IV. Of these, 22.1% had the diagnosis of major depression and 7.7% of minor depression according the DSM-IV. Two groups were constituted: Group A, schizophrenics with a depressive syndrome, and Group B, schizophrenics without such a syndrome. An assessment was made of the distribution of the symptoms of the CDSS scores in both groups, the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables in relation to the frequency of the depressive syndrome, and the patients clinical course. For the investigation of certain clinical features, the following tools were used: problem list (psychosocial stressors) contained in axis IV of the DSM-IV intended to detect the presence of factors triggering the initial episode of schizophrenia and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF -- Axis V -- DSM-IV) to characterize the current functioning of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained allowed the authors to draw the following conclusions: all the items that comprise the Brazilian version of the CDSS were statistically significant in characterizing the depressive syndrome; a comparison of the sociodemographic and therapeutic variables revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and this was also the case with the majority of the clinical features. Statistically significant differences, however, were found in relation to the greater frequency of life events (psychosocial stressors) in triggering the first episode of schizophrenia and the higher incidence of affective disorders antecedents in family members (first and second degree) among the depressed patients. The mean duration of the depressive syndrome during follow-up of the patients was 5.30 months. The patients in whom there was a recurrence of the psychotic episode presented a delusional-hallucinatory clinical picture. This study seeks to contribute to the inclusion of the Postpsychotic Depressive Disorder (PSD) of Schizophrenia (DSM-IV), in the group of Schizophrenic Disorders.

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