scholarly journals Gut microbiota, innate immune pathways, and inflammatory control mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier R. Caso ◽  
Karina S. MacDowell ◽  
Ana González-Pinto ◽  
Saínza García ◽  
Javier de Diego-Adeliño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
A Current ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

AbstractAlthough alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), including through effects on the immune response, our understanding is deficient about the straight connection patterns among microbiota and MDD in patients. Male and female MDD patients were recruited: 46 patients with a current active MDD (a-MDD) and 22 in remission or with only mild symptoms (r-MDD). Forty-five healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. Psychopathological states were assessed, and fecal and blood samples were collected. Results indicated that the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was higher in MDD patients compared with HC and the oxidative stress levels were greater in the a-MDD group. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (an indirect marker of bacterial translocation) was higher in a-MDD patients compared with the other groups. Fecal samples did not cluster according to the presence or the absence of MDD. There were bacterial genera whose relative abundance was altered in MDD: Bilophila (2-fold) and Alistipes (1.5-fold) were higher, while Anaerostipes (1.5-fold) and Dialister (15-fold) were lower in MDD patients compared with HC. Patients with a-MDD presented higher relative abundance of Alistipes and Anaerostipes (1.5-fold) and a complete depletion of Dialister compared with HC. Patients with r-MDD presented higher abundance of Bilophila (2.5-fold) compared with HC. Thus, the abundance of bacterial genera and some immune pathways, both with potential implications in the pathophysiology of depression, appear to be altered in MDD, with the most noticeable changes occurring in patients with the worse clinical condition, the a-MDD group.

Metabolic syndrome in subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in a current depressive episode: Population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso ◽  
Thaíse Campos Mondin ◽  
Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
A Current

Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Aizawa ◽  
Hirokazu Tsuji ◽  
Takashi Asahara ◽  
Takuya Takahashi ◽  
Toshiya Teraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive

Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 110076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Liśkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Michał Wroński ◽  
Agata Bąba-Kubiś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Intestinal Integrity

scholarly journals Associations between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhuang Zhuang ◽  
Ruotong Yang ◽  
Wenxiu Wang ◽  
Lu Qi ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Growing evidence has shown that alterations in the gut microbiota composition were associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. However, whether such associations reflect causality remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the causal relationships among gut microbiota, metabolites, and neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed by using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables for gut microbiota, metabolites, AD, MDD, and SCZ, respectively. Results We found suggestive associations of host-genetic-driven increase in Blautia (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79–0.99; P = 0.028) and elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (0.96; 0.92–1.00; P = 0.034), a downstream product of Blautia-dependent arginine metabolism, with a lower risk of AD. Genetically increased Enterobacteriaceae family and Enterobacteriales order were potentially associated with a higher risk of SCZ (1.09; 1.00–1.18; P = 0.048), while Gammaproteobacteria class (0.90; 0.83–0.98; P = 0.011) was related to a lower risk for SCZ. Gut production of serotonin was potentially associated with an increased risk of SCZ (1.07; 1.00–1.15; P = 0.047). Furthermore, genetically increased Bacilli class was related to a higher risk of MDD (1.07; 1.02–1.12; P = 0.010). In the other direction, neuropsychiatric disorders altered gut microbiota composition. Conclusions These data for the first time provide evidence of potential causal links between gut microbiome and AD, MDD, and SCZ. GABA and serotonin may play an important role in gut microbiota-host crosstalk in AD and SCZ, respectively. Further investigations in understanding the underlying mechanisms of associations between gut microbiota and AD, MDD, and SCZ are required.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder. Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon ◽  
Cielo García-Montero ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martinez ◽  
Luis G. Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Health And Disease

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered Microbiota-Gut-Brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.

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