scholarly journals Population type influences the rate of ageing

Heredity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew DJ. Overall ◽  
Richard GA. Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Population Type ◽  
Rate Of Ageing

scholarly journals Correction: Population type influences the rate of ageing

Heredity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Andrew DJ. Overall ◽  
Richard GA. Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Population Type ◽  
Rate Of Ageing

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

scholarly journals Association between cardiometabolic disease and severe COVID-19: a nationwide case–control study of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Svensson ◽  
Robin Hofmann ◽  
Henrike Häbel ◽  
Tomas Jernberg ◽  
Per Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Susceptible Patient ◽  
Control Study

AimsThe risks associated with diabetes, obesity and hypertension for severe COVID-19 may be confounded and differ by sociodemographic background. We assessed the risks associated with cardiometabolic factors for severe COVID-19 when accounting for socioeconomic factors and in subgroups by age, sex and region of birth.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide case–control study, 1.086 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (cases), and 10.860 population-based controls matched for age, sex and district of residency were included from mandatory national registries. ORs with 95% CIs for associations between severe COVID-19 and exposures with adjustment for confounders were estimated using logistic regression. The median age was 62 years (IQR 52–70), and 3003 (24.9%) were women. Type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.7)), hypertension (OR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0)), obesity (OR, 3.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.0)) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7)) were all associated with severe COVID-19. In the younger subgroup (below 57 years), ORs were significantly higher for all cardiometabolic risk factors. The risk associated with type 2 diabetes was higher in women (p=0.001) and in patients with a region of birth outside European Union(EU) (p=0.004).ConclusionDiabetes, obesity and hypertension were all independently associated with severe COVID-19 with stronger associations in the younger population. Type 2 diabetes implied a greater risk among women and in non-EU immigrants. These findings, originating from high-quality Swedish registries, may be important to direct preventive measures such as vaccination to susceptible patient groups.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov (NCT04426084).

scholarly journals Evidence on the economic value of end-of-life and palliative care interventions: a narrative review of reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xhyljeta Luta ◽  
Baptiste Ottino ◽  
Peter Hall ◽  
Joanna Bowden ◽  
Bee Wee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Care Models

Abstract Background As the demand for palliative care increases, more information is needed on how efficient different types of palliative care models are for providing care to dying patients and their caregivers. Evidence on the economic value of treatments and interventions is key to informing resource allocation and ultimately improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. We assessed the available evidence on the economic value of palliative and end-of-life care interventions across various settings. Methods Reviews published between 2000 and 2019 were included. We included reviews that focused on cost-effectiveness, intervention costs and/or healthcare resource use. Two reviewers extracted data independently and in duplicate from the included studies. Data on the key characteristics of the studies were extracted, including the aim of the study, design, population, type of intervention and comparator, (cost-) effectiveness resource use, main findings and conclusions. Results A total of 43 reviews were included in the analysis. Overall, most evidence on cost-effectiveness relates to home-based interventions and suggests that they offer substantial savings to the health system, including a decrease in total healthcare costs, resource use and improvement in patient and caregivers’ outcomes. The evidence of interventions delivered across other settings was generally inconsistent. Conclusions Some palliative care models may contribute to dual improvement in quality of care via lower rates of aggressive medicalization in the last phase of life accompanied by a reduction in costs. Hospital-based palliative care interventions may improve patient outcomes, healthcare utilization and costs. There is a need for greater consistency in reporting outcome measures, the informal costs of caring, and costs associated with hospice.

Disparities in Patterns of Conventional Versus Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Spine Metastasis in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 082585972098220
Author(s):  
Ellen Kim ◽  
Shearwood McClelland ◽  
Jerry J. Jaboin ◽  
Albert Attia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Spine Metastases ◽  
Population Type

Introduction: The improved survival of patients even with metastatic cancer has led to an increase in the incidence of spine metastases, suggesting the need for a more aggressive palliative treatment than conventional external beam radiation therapy (cEBRT). Consequently, spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has increased in popularity over the past decade. However, there has been no comparison of patterns of usage of cEBRT versus SBRT in the treatment of spinal metastases in the US. Methods: The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) from 2004-2013 was used for analysis. cEBRT was defined as 30 Gy in 10 fractions, 20 Gy in 5 fractions, or 8 Gy in 1 fraction. SBRT was defined as 25-32 Gy infive5 fractions, 24-32 Gy in 4 fractions, 20-32 Gy in three fractions, 14-32 Gy in 2 fractions, or 14-24 Gy in 1 fraction. Single and multivariable associations between patient demographic and cancer characteristics and type of radiation were performed. Results: From 2004-2013, 23,181 patients with spinal metastases in the United States received cEBRT, while 1,030 received SBRT as part of their first course of treatment. Most patients (88%) received 10 fractions of radiation. Multivariable analysis suggested that non-Medicare or private insurance (adjusted OR 0.4-0.7), African-American race (adjusted OR = 0.8, 95%CI = 0.7-1.0), age 65+ (adjusted OR = 0.8), living in a region with lower population (adjusted OR 0.7), earlier year of diagnosis (OR = 0.9), and receiving treatment in a non-academic/research facility (adjusted OR 0.6) were associated with cEBRT. After controlling for other variables, regional education level was no longer significantly associated with cEBRT. Conclusions: Most patients with spine metastases were treated with cEBRT, usually with 10 fractions. Receipt of SBRT was significantly associated with race, insurance, geography, population, type of treatment facility, and year of diagnosis, even after controlling for other factors. These findings raise questions about disparities in access to and delivery of care that deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Uptake of Striga Weed Control Technologies in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Godfrey Nakitare Nambafu ◽  
Richard Ndemo Onwonga
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Land Size

Over the years, new technologies have been tested and introduced to control Striga in maize producing areas but adoption has remained low. The study done in 2013, determined the demographic and socioeconomic factors that influenced the adoption of Striga control technologies in Kisumu West, Bumula and Teso South sub counties of Western Kenya. Through Multi stage sampling technique, 40 households were selected per sub county for questionnaire administration; to gather information on demographic profiles of the sample population, type of fertilizer and seed variety used, income of the household, source of credit facilities and challenges faced in weed control. Chi square test at P<0.05 and logistic regression analysis, using R software was used to determine the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and uptake of Striga control technologies. Farmers cited high cost, poor availability of improved varieties and lack of adequate knowledge as reasons for non-adoption of the Striga control strategies. Farmer’s age, education, land size and hiring of labour were found to significantly influence the adoption of the Striga control technologies. The low levels of adoption of modern technology indicate that they were not meeting farmers’ expectations, thus, researchers should put into consideration farmers’ education, age, land size and ability to high labour in their planning for an informed technology adoption. In addition, alternative options should be extended to farmers who are not able to use expensive technologies.

scholarly journals Évolution des écarts entre les salaires des hommes francophones et anglophones âgés de 25 à 54 ans selon le bilinguisme au Nouveau-Brunswick de 1970 à 20001

2008 ◽  
pp. 49-87
Author(s):  
Nicolas Béland ◽  
Éric Forgues ◽  
Maurice Beaudin
Keyword(s):  
Population Type ◽  
Il Y A

Résumé Cette étude mesure l’évolution du lien entre le salaire, l’appartenance linguistique et le bilinguisme au sein des groupes francophone et anglo­­­phone du Nouveau-Brunswick, de 1970 à 2000. La population visée est formée de salariés masculins de 25 à 54 ans ayant fréquenté l’école durant au moins neuf ans et occupant un emploi régulier et stable dans les secteurs secondaire et tertiaire. Cette population forme une population type pour l’analyse de l’évolution des inégalités entre les francophones et les anglophones au Canada. Trois tendances ont été observées dans la présente étude. De 1970 à 2000, un lien histo­rique entre l’origine ethnolinguistique et le salaire se maintient au Nouveau-Brunwick. Il y a, de 1970 à 2000 toujours, un contraste entre un apport faible et non significatif du bilinguisme au salaire des anglophones et une forte rentabilité du bilinguisme pour les franco­phones. Par ailleurs, la proportion de francophones au sein de la main-d’oeuvre détenant un emploi régulier et stable a doublé de 1970 à 1990. Depuis cette date, cette proportion se situe à environ un tiers, soit l’équivalent du poids des francophones dans la population de la province.

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