scholarly journals Large scale and integrated platform for digital mass culture of anchorage dependent cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Won Cho ◽  
Seok Joo Kim ◽  
Jaemin Kim ◽  
Seuk Young Song ◽  
Wang Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Scale Production

Abstract Industrial applications of anchorage-dependent cells require large-scale cell culture with multifunctional monitoring of culture conditions and control of cell behaviour. Here, we introduce a large-scale, integrated, and smart cell-culture platform (LISCCP) that facilitates digital mass culture of anchorage-dependent cells. LISCCP is devised through large-scale integration of ultrathin sensors and stimulator arrays in multiple layers. LISCCP provides real-time, 3D, and multimodal monitoring and localized control of the cultured cells, which thereby allows minimizing operation labour and maximizing cell culture performance. Wireless integration of multiple LISCCPs across multiple incubators further amplifies the culture scale and enables digital monitoring and local control of numerous culture layers, making the large-scale culture more efficient. Thus, LISCCP can transform conventional labour-intensive and high-cost cell cultures into efficient digital mass cell cultures. This platform could be useful for industrial applications of cell cultures such as in vitro toxicity testing of drugs and cosmetics and clinical scale production of cells for cell therapy.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Fish: A Novel Approach to Seafood Production and an Opportunity for Cellular Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Rubio ◽  
Isha Datar ◽  
David Stachura ◽  
Kate Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Physiological Properties

Cellular agriculture is defined as the production of agricultural products from cell cultures rather than from whole plants or animals. With growing interest in cellular agriculture as a means to address the public health, environmental, and animal welfare challenges of animal agriculture, the concept of producing seafood from fish cell- and tissue-cultures is emerging as a means to address similar challenges with industrial aquaculture systems and marine capture. Cell-based seafood - as opposed to animal-based seafood - can combine developments in biomedical engineering with modern aquaculture techniques. Biomedical engineering developments such as closed-system bioreactor production of land animal cells create a basis for large scale production of marine animal cells. Aquaculture techniques such as genetic modification and closed system aquaculture have achieved marked gains in production that can pave the way for innovations in cell-based seafood production. Here, we present the current state of innovation relevant to the development of cell-based seafood across multiple species as well as specific opportunities and challenges that exist for advancing this science. The authors find that the physiological properties of fish cell- and tissue- culture may be uniquely suited to cultivation in vitro. These physiological properties, including hypoxia tolerance, high buffering capacity, and low-temperature growth conditions, make marine cell culture an attractive opportunity for scale production of cell-based seafood; perhaps even more so than mammalian and avian cell cultures for cell-based meats. This, coupled with the unique capabilities of crustacean tissue-friendly scaffolding such as chitosan, a common seafood waste product and mushroom derivative, presents great promise for cell-based seafood production via bioreactor cultivation. To become fully realized, cell-based seafood research will require more understanding of fish muscle culture and cultivation; more investigation into serum-free media formulations optimized for fish cell culture; and bioreactor designs tuned to the needs of fish cells for large scale production.

Aquatic Toxicology in Vitro: A Brief Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Boris Isomaa ◽  
Henrik Lilius ◽  
Christina Råbergh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Aquatic Toxicology ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests

There is an urgent need for effective in vitro tests in aquatic toxicology, because only a very small proportion of the chemicals in common use have been adequately tested for their toxicity to aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems. Toxicity tests with higher animals, besides being time-consuming and expensive, are ethically questionable, which further increases the importance of developing efficient in vitro toxicity tests. In developing in vitro tests for toxicity assessments, aquatic toxicology lags behind mammalian toxicology. Aqueous environmental chemistry is complex, and the sensitivity of the organisms living in a particular aquatic environment may vary considerably. The predictive value of single-species or cell culture tests is therefore generally considered to be low. Nevertheless, single-species tests, utilising bacteria, algae, protozoans and invertebrates, have frequently been used in in vitro toxicity studies of aquatic pollutants (mainly as screening tests). Attempts at large-scale validations are few. Such attempts seem to be hampered by the complexity of the aquatic ecosystem. Although cells from aquatic organisms have been isolated and cultured for many years, the use of isolated or cultured cells in aquatic toxicology has been limited. However, during the last few years, interest in the use of fish cells in toxicity testing has grown rapidly. For aquatic in vitro toxicology to develop further, a more comparative and mechanistic approach needs to be adopted.

In vitro toxicity testing with microplate cell cultures: Impact of cell binding

Toxicology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gülden ◽  
Jeannine Schreiner ◽  
Hasso Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cell Binding

scholarly journals In vitro Toxicity Testing of Nanoparticles in 3D Cell Culture

Small ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwoo Lee ◽  
G. Daniel Lilly ◽  
R. Christopher Doty ◽  
Paul Podsiadlo ◽  
Nicholas A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity

scholarly journals Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Klus ◽  
Barbara Boenke-Nimphius ◽  
Lutz Müller
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Artifact Formation ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

SUMMARYThe objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists when evaluating information published on smoking machines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke (in vivoandin vitro) exposure systems and collection devices.The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years - from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and fully automated analytical smoking machines available today. Systems for the large-scale production of smoke (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. The standardization of machine smoking methods and test pieces has solved several technical problems and produced sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine smoking regimes.Adequate space is allotted for the discussion of configurations forin vivosmoke exposure of rodent and non-rodent species and the machines generating the required smoke (condensate). Covered as well is the field ofin vitrotoxicity testing, including the increasingly informative new techniques of air-liquid interface exposure, which are becoming more and more refined with the use of organotypic cultures and genetic analyses.The review is completed by the examination of the considerable variety of mainstream smoke collection devices (filters and traps) developed over time - some for very specific purposes - and refers to the perpetual problem of artifact formation by aging.

scholarly journals Establishment of long-term ostracod epidermal culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-772
Author(s):  
Siân R. Morgan ◽  
Laura Paletto ◽  
Benjamin Rumney ◽  
Farhana T. Malik ◽  
Nick White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract Primary crustacean cell culture was introduced in the 1960s, but to date limited cell lines have been established. Skogsbergia lerneri is a myodocopid ostracod, which has a body enclosed within a thin, durable, transparent bivalved carapace, through which the eye can see. The epidermal layer lines the inner surface of the carapace and is responsible for carapace synthesis. The purpose of the present study was to develop an in vitro epidermal tissue and cell culture method for S. lerneri. First, an optimal environment for the viability of this epidermal tissue was ascertained, while maintaining its cell proliferative capacity. Next, a microdissection technique to remove the epidermal layer for explant culture was established and finally, a cell dissociation method for epidermal cell culture was determined. Maintenance of sterility, cell viability and proliferation were key throughout these processes. This novel approach for viable S. lerneri epidermal tissue and cell culture augments our understanding of crustacean cell biology and the complex biosynthesis of the ostracod carapace. In addition, these techniques have great potential in the fields of biomaterial manufacture, the military and fisheries, for example, in vitro toxicity testing.

scholarly journals Addressing Challenges to Enhance the Bioactives ofWithania somniferathrough Organ, Tissue, and Cell Culture Based Approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritika Singh ◽  
Rupam Guleri ◽  
Amrita Angurala ◽  
Kuldeep Kaur ◽  
Kulwinder Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organ Tissue

Withania somniferais a highly valued medicinal plant in traditional home medicine and is known for a wide range of bioactivities. Its commercial cultivation is adversely affected by poor seed viability and germination. Infestation by various pests and pathogens, survival under unfavourable environmental conditions, narrow genetic base, and meager information regarding biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are some of the other existing challenges in the crop. Biotechnological interventions through organ, tissue, and cell culture provide promising options for addressing some of these issues.In vitropropagation facilitates conservation and sustainable utilization of the existing germplasms and broadening the genetic base. It would also provide means for efficient and rapid mass propagation of elite chemotypes and generating uniform plant material round the year for experimentation and industrial applications. The potential ofin vitrocell/organ cultures for the production of therapeutically valuable compounds and their large-scale production in bioreactors has received significant attention in recent years.In vitroculture system further provides distinct advantage for studying various cellular and molecular processes leading to secondary metabolite accumulation and their regulation. Engineering plants through genetic transformation and development of hairy root culture system are powerful strategies for modulation of secondary metabolites. The present review highlights the developments and sketches current scenario in this field.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Fish: A Novel Approach to Seafood Production and an Opportunity for Cellular Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Rubio ◽  
Isha Datar ◽  
David Stachura ◽  
Kate Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Physiological Properties

Cellular agriculture is defined as the production of agricultural products from cell cultures rather than from whole plants or animals. With growing interest in cellular agriculture as a means to address the public health, environmental, and animal welfare challenges of animal agriculture, the concept of producing seafood from fish cell- and tissue-cultures is emerging as a means to address similar challenges with industrial aquaculture systems and marine capture. Cell-based seafood - as opposed to animal-based seafood - can combine developments in biomedical engineering with modern aquaculture techniques. Biomedical engineering developments such as closed-system bioreactor production of land animal cells create a basis for large scale production of marine animal cells. Aquaculture techniques such as genetic modification and closed system aquaculture have achieved marked gains in production that can pave the way for innovations in cell-based seafood production. Here, we present the current state of innovation relevant to the development of cell-based seafood across multiple species as well as specific opportunities and challenges that exist for advancing this science. The authors find that the physiological properties of fish cell- and tissue- culture may be uniquely suited to cultivation in vitro. These physiological properties, including hypoxia tolerance, high buffering capacity, and low-temperature growth conditions, make marine cell culture an attractive opportunity for scale production of cell-based seafood; perhaps even more so than mammalian and avian cell cultures for cell-based meats. This, coupled with the unique capabilities of crustacean tissue-friendly scaffolding such as chitosan, a common seafood waste product and mushroom derivative, presents great promise for cell-based seafood production via bioreactor cultivation. To become fully realized, cell-based seafood research will require more understanding of fish muscle culture and cultivation; more investigation into serum-free media formulations optimized for fish cell culture; and bioreactor designs tuned to the needs of fish cells for large scale production.

IN VITRO METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL FUNCTIONS TO SECRETE GONADOTROPHIN

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S27-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Kigawa ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypothalamic Extract ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Single Cell Culture ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT There are several in vitro methods to analyse the function of the adenohypophysis or the mechanisms of its regulation. The present paper deals with single cell culture, organ culture and short term incubation techniques by which the morphology and gonadotrophin-secreting function of the adenohypophysis were studied. In trypsin-dispersed cell culture, the adenohypophysial cells showed extensive propagation to form numerous cell colonies and finally develop into a confluent monolayer cell sheet covering completely the surface of culture vessels. Almost all of the cultured cells, however, became chromophobic, at least at the end of the first week of cultivation, when gonadotrophin was detectable neither in the culture medium nor in the cells themselves. After the addition of the hypothalamic extract, gonadotrophin became detectable again, and basophilic or PAS-positive granules also reappeared within the cells, suggesting that the gonadotrophs were stimulated by the extract to produce gonadotrophin. In organ culture and short term incubation, the incorporation of [3H] leucine into the adenohypophysial cells in relation to the addition of hypothalamic extract was examined. It was obvious that the ability to incorporate [3H] leucine into the gonadotrophs in vitro was highly dependent upon the presence of the hypothalamic extract.

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

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