scholarly journals Synergistic biodegradation of aromatic-aliphatic copolyester plastic by a marine microbial consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid E. Meyer-Cifuentes ◽  
Johannes Werner ◽  
Nico Jehmlich ◽  
Sabine E. Will ◽  
Meina Neumann-Schaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Degradation Step

AbstractThe degradation of synthetic polymers by marine microorganisms is not as well understood as the degradation of plastics in soil and compost. Here, we use metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics to study the biodegradation of an aromatic-aliphatic copolyester blend by a marine microbial enrichment culture. The culture can use the plastic film as the sole carbon source, reaching maximum conversion to CO2 and biomass in around 15 days. The consortium degrades the polymer synergistically, with different degradation steps being performed by different community members. We identify six putative PETase-like enzymes and four putative MHETase-like enzymes, with the potential to degrade aliphatic-aromatic polymers and their degradation products, respectively. Our results show that, although there are multiple genes and organisms with the potential to perform each degradation step, only a few are active during biodegradation.

scholarly journals Study of a plugging microbial consortium using crude oil as sole carbon source

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Guiwen Yan ◽  
Mingquan An ◽  
Jieli Liu ◽  
Houming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Consortium

The metabolism of p-fluorophenylacetic acid by a Pseudomonas sp. I. Isolation and identification of intermediates in degradation

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Harper ◽  
E. R. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Organic Fluorine

A Pseudomonas sp. capable of growing on p-fluorophenylacetic acid as sole carbon source has been isolated using the enrichment culture technique. All the organic fluorine is released into the culture medium as fluoride ion during growth. A number of fluorinated intermediates have been isolated from the culture medium when resting cells were incubated with the substrate. Using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques together with chemical degradative procedures, these have been identified as D(+)-monofluorosuccinic acid, trans-3-fluoro-3-hexenedioic acid, (−)-4-carboxymethyl-4-fluorobutanolide, 4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

The degradation of arsenoribosides from Ecklonia radiata tissues decomposed in natural and microbially manipulated microcosms

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott G. Duncan ◽  
William A. Maher ◽  
Simon D. Foster ◽  
Frank Krikowa ◽  
Katarina M. Mikac
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Degradation Step ◽  
Sand Sediments ◽  
Macro Algae

Environmental context Arsenoribosides are the major arsenic species in marine macro-algae, yet inorganic arsenic is the major arsenic species found in seawater. We investigated the degradation of arsenoribosides associated with Ecklonia radiata by the use of microcosms containing both natural and autoclaved seawater and sand. The decomposition and persistence of arsenic species was linked to the use of autoclaved seawater and sand, which suggests that arsenoriboside degradation is governed by the microbial composition of microenvironments within marine systems. Abstract We investigated the influence of microbial communities on the degradation of arsenoribosides from E. radiata tissues decomposing in sand and seawater-based microcosms. During the first 30 days, arsenic was released from decomposing E. radiata tissues into seawater and sand porewaters in all microcosms. In microcosms containing autoclaved seawater and autoclaved sand, arsenic was shown to persist in soluble forms at concentrations (9–18µg per microcosm) far higher than those present initially (~3µg per microcosm). Arsenoribosides were lost from decomposing E. radiata tissues in all microcosms with previously established arsenoriboside degradation products, such as thio-arsenic species, dimethylarsinoylethanol (DMAE), dimethylarsenate (DMA) and arsenate (AsV) observed in all microcosms. DMAE and DMA persisted in the seawater and sand porewaters of microcosms containing autoclaved seawater and autoclaved sand. This suggests that the degradation step from arsenoribosides → DMAE occurs on algal surfaces, whereas the step from DMAE → AsV occurs predominantly in the water-column or sand–sediments. This study also demonstrates that disruptions to microbial connectivity (defined as the ability of microbes to recolonise vacant habitats) result in alterations to arsenic cycling. Thus, the re-cycling of arsenoribosides released from marine macro-algae is driven by microbial complexity plus microbial connectivity rather than species diversity as such, as previously assumed.

scholarly journals Recycling of Wastes Plastics and Tires from Automotive Industry

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Iveta Čabalová ◽  
Aleš Ház ◽  
Jozef Krilek ◽  
Tatiana Bubeníková ◽  
Ján Melicherčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Weight Loss Process ◽  
And Calorimetry

Waste tires (granulate) and selected plastics from the automotive industry were evaluated by using the tertiary (pyrolysis) and quaternary (calorimetry) recovering. Pyrolysis is proving to be an environmentally friendly alternative to incineration and inefficient landfilling. Currently, the main challenges for pyrolysis of plastic waste are unavailability and inconsistent quality of feedstock, inefficient and hence costly sorting, and last but not least insufficient regulations around plastic waste management. Waste plastics and tire materials were characterized by TG/DTG analysis, Py-GC/MS analysis and calorimetry. TG analysis of the investigated materials gives the typical decomposition curves of synthetic polymers. The tested samples had the highest rate of weight loss process in the temperature range from 375 °C to 480 °C. Analytical pyrolysis of the tested polymers provided information on a wide variety of organic compounds that were released upon thermal loading of these materials without access to oxygen. Analytical pyrolysis offers valuable information on the spectrum of degradation products and their potential uses. Based on the results of calorimetry, it can be stated that the determined calorific value of selected plastic and rubber materials was ranging from 26.261 to 45.245 MJ/kg depending on the ash content and its composition.

scholarly journals End-of-life upcycling of robust polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Morado ◽  
Douglas Ivanoff ◽  
Hsuan-Chin Wang ◽  
Alayna Johnson ◽  
Mara Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Oxocarbenium Ion

Abstract A major challenge in developing recyclable polymeric materials is the inherent conflict between the properties required during and after its life span. In particular, materials must be strong and durable when in use, but undergo complete and rapid degradation upon end-of-life. We report a new mechanism for degrading polyurethanes called CyclizAtion-Triggered CHain (CATCH) cleavage that achieves this duality. CATCH cleavage features a simple glycerol-based acyclic acetal unit as a kinetic and thermodynamic trap for gated chain-shattering. Thus, an organic acid induces transient chain breaks with oxocarbenium ion formation and subsequent intramolecular cyclization to depolymerize fully the polyurethane backbone at room temperature. With minimal chemical modification, the resulting degradation products can be repurposed into strong adhesives and photochromic coatings demonstrating the potential for upcycling. The CATCH cleavage strategy for low-energy input breakdown and subsequent upcycling may be generalizable to a broader range of synthetic polymers and their end-of-life waste streams.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strain WBC-2, Capable of Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Molenda ◽  
Shuiquan Tang ◽  
Elizabeth A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
The West ◽  
Dehalococcoides Mccartyi

Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain WBC-2 dechlorinates carcinogen vinyl chloride to ethene in the West Branch Canal Creek (WBC-2) microbial consortium used for bioaugmentation. We assembled and closed the complete genome sequence of this prokaryote using metagenomic sequencing from an enrichment culture.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Utilization as the Source of Carbon: Isolation and Identification of new Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohsen Nourouzi ◽  
T. G. Chuah ◽  
Thomas S. Y. Choong ◽  
C. J. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens ◽  
Mixed Bacteria ◽  
Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid

Mixed bacteria from oil palm plantation soil (OPS) were isolated to investigate their ability to utilize glyphosate as carbon source. Results showed that approximately all of the glyphosate was converted to aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) (99.5%). It is worthy to note that mixed bacteria were able to degrade only 2% of AMPA to further metabolites. Two bacterial strainsi.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandProvidencia alcalifacienswere obtained from enrichment culture. Bacterial isolates were cultured individually on glyphosate as a sole carbon source. It was observed that both isolates were able to convert glyphosate to AMPA.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analyses of the Autotrophic Fe(II)-Oxidizing, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture KS

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2656-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomei He ◽  
Claudia Tominski ◽  
Andreas Kappler ◽  
Sebastian Behrens ◽  
Eric E. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Transfer Pathways

ABSTRACTNitrate-dependent ferrous iron [Fe(II)] oxidation (NDFO) is a well-recognized chemolithotrophic pathway in anoxic sediments. The neutrophilic chemolithoautotrophic enrichment culture KS originally obtained from a freshwater sediment (K. L. Straub, M. Benz, B. Schink, and F. Widdel, Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1458–1460, 1996) has been used as a model system to study NDFO. However, the primary Fe(II) oxidizer in this culture has not been isolated, despite extensive efforts to do so. Here, we present a metagenomic analysis of this enrichment culture in order to gain insight into electron transfer pathways and the roles of different bacteria in the culture. We obtained a near-complete genome of the primary Fe(II) oxidizer, a species in the familyGallionellaceae, and draft genomes from its flanking community members. A search of the putative extracellular electron transfer pathways in these genomes led to the identification of a homolog of the MtoAB complex [a porin-multiheme cytochromecsystem identified in neutrophilic microaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizingSideroxydans lithotrophicusES-1] in aGallionellaceaesp., and findings of other putative genes involving cytochromecand multicopper oxidases, such as Cyc2 and OmpB. Genome-enabled metabolic reconstruction revealed that thisGallionellaceaesp. lacks nitric oxide and nitrous oxide reductase genes and may partner with flanking populations capable of complete denitrification to avoid toxic metabolite accumulation, which may explain its resistance to growth in pure culture. This and other revealed interspecies interactions and metabolic interdependencies in nitrogen and carbon metabolisms may allow these organisms to cooperate effectively to achieve robust chemolithoautotrophic NDFO. Overall, the results significantly expand our knowledge of NDFO and suggest a range of genetic targets for further exploration.

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