scholarly journals Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Corella ◽  
Niccolo Maffezzoli ◽  
Andrea Spolaor ◽  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol

AbstractIodine has a significant impact on promoting the formation of new ultrafine aerosol particles and accelerating tropospheric ozone loss, thereby affecting radiative forcing and climate. Therefore, understanding the long-term natural evolution of iodine, and its coupling with climate variability, is key to adequately assess its effect on climate on centennial to millennial timescales. Here, using two Greenland ice cores (NEEM and RECAP), we report the Arctic iodine variability during the last 127,000 years. We find the highest and lowest iodine levels recorded during interglacial and glacial periods, respectively, modulated by ocean bioproductivity and sea ice dynamics. Our sub-decadal resolution measurements reveal that high frequency iodine emission variability occurred in pace with Dansgaard/Oeschger events, highlighting the rapid Arctic ocean-ice-atmosphere iodine exchange response to abrupt climate changes. Finally, we discuss if iodine levels during past warmer-than-present climate phases can serve as analogues of future scenarios under an expected ice-free Arctic Ocean. We argue that the combination of natural biogenic ocean iodine release (boosted by ongoing Arctic warming and sea ice retreat) and anthropogenic ozone-induced iodine emissions may lead to a near future scenario with the highest iodine levels of the last 127,000 years.

scholarly journals A Driftwood‐Based Record of Arctic Sea Ice During the Last 500 Years From Northern Svalbard Reveals Sea Ice Dynamics in the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Peripheral Seas

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia M. Hole ◽  
Thomas Rawson ◽  
Wesley R. Farnsworth ◽  
Anders Schomacker ◽  
Ólafur Ingólfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Lagrangian analysis of sea-ice dynamics in the Arctic Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Szanyi ◽  
Jennifer V. Lukovich ◽  
David G. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals The MOSAiC ice floe: sediment-laden survivor from the Siberian shelf

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2173-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Krumpen ◽  
Florent Birrien ◽  
Frank Kauker ◽  
Thomas Rackow ◽  
Luisa von Albedyll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Instrumental Records

Abstract. In September 2019, the research icebreaker Polarstern started the largest multidisciplinary Arctic expedition to date, the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) drift experiment. Being moored to an ice floe for a whole year, thus including the winter season, the declared goal of the expedition is to better understand and quantify relevant processes within the atmosphere–ice–ocean system that impact the sea ice mass and energy budget, ultimately leading to much improved climate models. Satellite observations, atmospheric reanalysis data, and readings from a nearby meteorological station indicate that the interplay of high ice export in late winter and exceptionally high air temperatures resulted in the longest ice-free summer period since reliable instrumental records began. We show, using a Lagrangian tracking tool and a thermodynamic sea ice model, that the MOSAiC floe carrying the Central Observatory (CO) formed in a polynya event north of the New Siberian Islands at the beginning of December 2018. The results further indicate that sea ice in the vicinity of the CO (<40 km distance) was younger and 36 % thinner than the surrounding ice with potential consequences for ice dynamics and momentum and heat transfer between ocean and atmosphere. Sea ice surveys carried out on various reference floes in autumn 2019 verify this gradient in ice thickness, and sediments discovered in ice cores (so-called dirty sea ice) around the CO confirm contact with shallow waters in an early phase of growth, consistent with the tracking analysis. Since less and less ice from the Siberian shelves survives its first summer (Krumpen et al., 2019), the MOSAiC experiment provides the unique opportunity to study the role of sea ice as a transport medium for gases, macronutrients, iron, organic matter, sediments and pollutants from shelf areas to the central Arctic Ocean and beyond. Compared to data for the past 26 years, the sea ice encountered at the end of September 2019 can already be classified as exceptionally thin, and further predicted changes towards a seasonally ice-free ocean will likely cut off the long-range transport of ice-rafted materials by the Transpolar Drift in the future. A reduced long-range transport of sea ice would have strong implications for the redistribution of biogeochemical matter in the central Arctic Ocean, with consequences for the balance of climate-relevant trace gases, primary production and biodiversity in the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Evolution of the seasonal temperature cycle in a transient Holocene simulation: orbital forcing and sea-ice

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fischer ◽  
J. H. Jungclaus
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Summer Insolation ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Changes in the Earth's orbit lead to changes in the seasonal and meridional distribution of insolation. We quantify the influence of orbitally induced changes on the seasonal temperature cycle in a transient simulation of the last 6000 years – from the mid-Holocene to today – using a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (ECHAM5/MPI-OM) including a land surface model (JSBACH). The seasonal temperature cycle responds directly to the insolation changes almost everywhere. In the Northern Hemisphere, its amplitude decreases according to an increase in winter insolation and a decrease in summer insolation. In the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite is true. Over the Arctic Ocean, however, decreasing summer insolation leads to an increase of sea-ice cover. The insulating effect of sea ice between the ocean and the atmosphere favors more continental conditions over the Arctic Ocean in winter, resulting in strongly decreasing temperatures. Consequently, there are two competing effects: the direct response to insolation changes and a sea-ice dynamics feedback. The sea-ice feedback is stronger, and thus an increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the Arctic Ocean occurs. This increase is strongest over the Barents Shelf and influences the temperature response over northern Europe. We compare our modelled seasonal temperatures over Europe to paleo reconstructions. We find better agreements in winter temperatures than in summer temperatures and better agreements in northern Europe than in southern Europe, since the model does not reproduce the southern European Holocene summer cooling inferred from the paleo data. The temperature reconstructions for northern Europe support the notion of the influence of the sea-ice effect on the evolution of the seasonal temperature cycle.

The impact of sea-ice dynamics on the Arctic climate system

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 741-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vavrus ◽  
S. P. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

The role of sea ice for plastic pollution in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka Peeken ◽  
Elisa Bergami ◽  
Ilaria Corsi ◽  
Benedikt Hufnagl ◽  
Christian Katlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

&lt;p&gt;Marine plastic pollution is a growing worldwide environmental concern as recent reports indicate that increasing quantities of litter disperse into secluded environments, including Polar Regions. Plastic degrades into smaller fragments under the influence of sunlight, temperature changes, mechanic abrasion and wave action resulting in small particles &lt; 5mm called microplastics (MP). Sea ice cores, collected in the Arctic Ocean have so far revealed extremely high concentrations of very small microplastic particles, which might be transferred in the ecosystem with so far unknown consequences for the ice dependant marine food chain.&amp;#160; Sea ice has long been recognised as a transport vehicle for any contaminates entering the Arctic Ocean from various long range and local sources. The Fram Strait is hereby both, a major inflow gateway of warm Atlantic water, with any anthropogenic imprints and the major outflow region of sea ice originating from the Siberian shelves and carried via the Transpolar Drift. The studied sea ice revealed a unique footprint of microplastic pollution, which were related to different water masses and indicating different source regions. Climate change in the Arctic include loss of sea ice, therefore, large fractions of the embedded plastic particles might be released and have an impact on living systems. By combining modeling of sea ice origin and growth, MP particle trajectories in the water column as well as MPs long-range transport via particle tracking and transport models we get first insights &amp;#160;about the sources and pathways of MP in the Arctic Ocean and beyond and how this might affect the Arctic ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;

Dissolved Neodymium Isotopes Trace Origin and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Modern Arctic Sea Ice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Laukert ◽  
Dorothea Bauch ◽  
Ilka Peeken ◽  
Thomas Krumpen ◽  
Kirstin Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Floes

&lt;p&gt;The lifetime and thickness of Arctic sea ice have markedly decreased in the recent past. This affects Arctic marine ecosystems and the biological pump, given that sea ice acts as platform and transport medium of marine and atmospheric nutrients. At the same time sea ice reduces light penetration to the Arctic Ocean and restricts ocean/atmosphere exchange. In order to understand the ongoing changes and their implications, reconstructions of source regions and drift trajectories of Arctic sea ice are imperative. Automated ice tracking approaches based on satellite-derived sea-ice motion products (e.g. ICETrack) currently perform well in dense ice fields, but provide limited information at the ice edge or in poorly ice-covered areas. Radiogenic neodymium (Nd) isotopes (&amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;) have the potential to serve as a chemical tracer of sea-ice provenance and thus may provide information beyond what can be expected from satellite-based assessments. This potential results from pronounced &amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt; differences between the distinct marine and riverine sources, which feed the surface waters of the different sea-ice formation regions. We present the first dissolved (&lt; 0.45 &amp;#181;m) Nd isotope and concentration data obtained from optically clean Arctic first- and multi-year sea ice (ice cores) collected from different ice floes across the Fram Strait during the RV POLARSTERN cruise PS85 in 2014. Our data confirm the preservation of the seawater &amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;signatures in sea ice despite low Nd concentrations (on average ~ 6 pmol/kg) resulting from efficient brine rejection. The large range in &amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt; signatures (~ -10 to -30) mirrors that of surface waters in various parts of the Arctic Ocean, indicating that differences between ice floes but also between various sections in an individual ice core reflect the origin and evolution of the sea ice over time. Most ice cores have &amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt; signatures of around -10, suggesting that the sea ice was formed in well-mixed waters in the central Arctic Ocean and transported directly to the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift. Some ice cores, however, also revealed highly unradiogenic signatures (&amp;#949;&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; ~ -15) in their youngest (bottom) sections, which we attribute to incorporation of meltwater from Greenland into newly grown sea ice layers. Our new approach facilitates the reconstruction of the origin and spatiotemporal evolution of isolated sea-ice floes in the future Arctic.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Impact of Arctic Winter Infrared Radiation on Early Summer Sea Ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 6281-6296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Seok Park ◽  
Sukyoung Lee ◽  
Yu Kosaka ◽  
Seok-Woo Son ◽  
Sang-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Upper Ocean Heat Content ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Summer

Abstract The Arctic summer sea ice area has been rapidly decreasing in recent decades. In addition to this trend, substantial interannual variability is present, as is highlighted by the recovery in sea ice area in 2013 following the record minimum in 2012. This interannual variability of the Arctic summer sea ice area has been attributed to the springtime weather disturbances. Here, by utilizing reanalysis- and satellite-based sea ice data, this study shows that summers with unusually small sea ice area are preceded by winters with anomalously strong downward longwave radiation over the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean. This anomalous wintertime radiative forcing at the surface is up to 10–15 W m−2, which is about twice as strong than that during the spring. During the same winters, the poleward moisture and warm-air intrusions into the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean are anomalously strong and the resulting moisture convergence field closely resembles positive anomalies in column-integrated water vapor and tropospheric temperature. Climate model simulations support the above-mentioned findings and further show that the anomalously strong wintertime radiative forcing can decrease sea ice thickness over wide areas of the Arctic Ocean, especially over the Eurasian sector. During the winters preceding the anomalously small summer sea ice area, the upper ocean of the model is anomalously warm over the Barents Sea, indicating that the upper-ocean heat content contributes to winter sea ice thinning. Finally, mass divergence by ice drift in the preceding winter and spring contributes to the thinning of sea ice over the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas, where radiative forcing and upper-ocean heat content anomalies are relatively weak.

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