scholarly journals An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan B. Simpson ◽  
Bingjie Zhou ◽  
Tania M. Alarcon Falconi ◽  
Elena N. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Annual Time Series

Abstract Disease surveillance systems worldwide face increasing pressure to maintain and distribute data in usable formats supplemented with effective visualizations to enable actionable policy and programming responses. Annual reports and interactive portals provide access to surveillance data and visualizations depicting temporal trends and seasonal patterns of diseases. Analyses and visuals are typically limited to reporting the annual time series and the month with the highest number of cases per year. Yet, detecting potential disease outbreaks and supporting public health interventions requires detailed spatiotemporal comparisons to characterize spatiotemporal patterns of illness across diseases and locations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) FoodNet Fast provides population-based foodborne-disease surveillance records and visualizations for select counties across the US. We offer suggestions on how current FoodNet Fast data organization and visual analytics can be improved to facilitate data interpretation, decision-making, and communication of features related to trend and seasonality. The resulting compilation, or analecta, of 436 visualizations of records and codes are openly available online.

scholarly journals Suicide rates in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2006 to 2016: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangrong Fei ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Sequoia I Leuba ◽  
Yichong Li ◽  
Ruying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Urban Males ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Zhejiang Provincial ◽  
Gender Specific

BackgroundWe investigated the current temporal trends of suicide in Zhejiang, China, from 2006 to 2016 to determine possible health disparities in order to establish priorities for intervention.MethodsWe collected mortality surveillance data from 2006 to 2016 from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System from the Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. We estimated region-specific and gender-specific suicide rates using joinpoint regression analyses to determine the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% CI.ResultsThe crude suicide rate declined from 9.64 per 100 000 people in 2006 to 4.86 per 100 000 in 2016, and the age-adjusted suicide rate decreased from 9.74 per 100 000 in 2006 to 4.14 per 100 000 in 2016. During 2006–2013, rural males had the highest suicide rate, followed by rural females, urban males, and urban females, while after 2013, urban males suicide rates surpassed rural female suicide rates, and became the second highest suicide rate subgroup. The rate of suicide declined in all region-specific and/or gender-specific subgroups except among urban males between 20 and 34 years of age. Their age-adjusted suicide rate AAPC greatly increased to 28.39 starting in 2013 compared with an AAPC of −13.47 from 2006 to 2013.ConclusionsThe suicide rate among young urban males has been alarmingly increasing since 2013, and thus, researchers must develop targeted effective strategies to mitigate this escalating loss of life.

Inconsistencies in reporting risk information: a pilot analysis of online news coverage of West Nile Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Birnbrauer ◽  
Dennis Owen Frohlich ◽  
Debbie Treise
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Online News ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
West Nile ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Us ◽  
Action Frame

West Nile Virus (WNV) has been reported as one of the worst epidemics in US history. This study sought to understand how WNV news stories were framed and how risk information was portrayed from its 1999 arrival in the US through the year 2012. The authors conducted a quantitative content analysis of online news articles obtained through Google News ( N = 428). The results of this analysis were compared to the CDC’s ArboNET surveillance system. The following story frames were identified in this study: action, conflict, consequence, new evidence, reassurance and uncertainty, with the action frame appearing most frequently. Risk was communicated quantitatively without context in the majority of articles, and only in 2006, the year with the third-highest reported deaths, was risk reported with statistical accuracy. The results from the analysis indicated that at-risk communities were potentially under-informed as accurate risks were not communicated. This study offers evidence about how disease outbreaks are covered in relation to actual disease surveillance data.

scholarly journals Laboratory-Guided Detection of Disease Outbreaks: Three Generations of Surveillance Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitali Sintchenko ◽  
Blanca Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Public Health Monitoring ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Publication Language

Abstract Context.—Traditional biothreat surveillance systems are vulnerable to incomplete and delayed reporting of public health threats. Objective.—To review current and emerging approaches to detection and monitoring of biothreats enabled by laboratory methods of diagnosis and to identify trends in the biosurveillance research. Data Sources.—PubMed (1995 to December 2007) was searched with the combined search terms “surveillance” and “infectious diseases.” Additional articles were identified by hand searching the bibliographies of selected papers. Additional search terms were “public health,” “disease monitoring,” “cluster,” “outbreak,” “laboratory notification,” “molecular,” “detection,” “evaluation,” “genomics,” “communicable diseases,” “geographic information systems,” “bioterrorism,” “genotyping,” and “informatics.” Publication language was restricted to English. The bibliographies of key references were later hand searched to identify articles missing in the database search. Three approaches to infectious disease surveillance that involve clinical laboratories are contrasted: (1) laboratory-initiated infectious disease notifications, (2) syndromic surveillance based on health indicators, and (3) genotyping based surveillance of biothreats. Advances in molecular diagnostics enable rapid genotyping of biothreats and investigations of genes that were not previously identifiable by traditional methods. There is a need for coordination between syndromic and laboratory-based surveillance. Insufficient and delayed decision support and inadequate integration of surveillance signals into action plans remain the 2 main barriers to efficient public health monitoring and response. Decision support for public health users of biosurveillance alerts is often lacking. Conclusions.—The merger of the 3 scientific fields of surveillance, genomics, and informatics offers an opportunity for the development of effective and rapid biosurveillance methods and tools.

Abstract T P137: Temporal Trends in Hospitalization for Ischemic Stroke in the United States, 2000-2010

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerses Sanossian ◽  
May A Kim-Tenser ◽  
Lucas Ramirez ◽  
Natalie Valle ◽  
Steven Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Recent population-based studies have revealed declining ischemic stroke hospitalization rates in the US, particularly among whites, but no study has assessed recent nationwide trends in race/ethnic-, age- and sex-specific stroke hospitalization rates in the US. Aims: To assess temporal trends in race/ethnic-, age-, and sex-specific rates of hospitalization for ischemic stroke in the US. Methods: Temporal trends in hospitalization for ischemic stroke (ICD-9 codes 433.x1, 434, 436) from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults ≥25 years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnic-specific stroke hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations as the numerator and the US civilian population as the denominator. Age-adjusted rates were standardized to the 2000 US Census population. Results: From 2000 to 2010, age-adjusted stroke hospitalization rates decreased from 169 to 138 per 100,000 (overall rate reduction 18.3%). The decline in stroke hospitalizations was driven by the ≥65 age group, with the sharpest decline among 65-84 year olds (Figure). Sex-specific rates showed higher age-adjusted rates in women, with a steeper reduction in women than in men (from 228 to 180 vs. 183 to 157 per 100,000). Race/ethnic-specific trends revealed that hospitalizations decreased for whites and Hispanics but increased for blacks (from 144 to 193 per 100,000 in black men and from 191 to 211 per 100,000 in black women). Discussion: Although overall stroke hospitalizations have decreased in the US, the reduction has been more pronounced among older individuals, whites and Hispanics. Renewed efforts at targeting risk factor control among blacks and middle-aged individuals may be warranted. Figure 1.

scholarly journals Factors associated with measles resurgence in the United States in the post-elimination era

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Akem Dimala ◽  
Benjamin Momo Kadia ◽  
Miriam Aiwokeh Mbong Nji ◽  
Ndemazie Nkafu Bechem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere have been growing concerns of a potential re-establishment of measles transmission in the United States (US) in the years to come. This study aims to explore potential factors underlying the resurgence of measles in the US by objectively assessing the associations between annual incidence rates (AIR), case importation, vaccination status and disease outbreaks. Data on measles transmission between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2019 were obtained from the national centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) surveillance databases and other published reports. Changes in incidence rates over time were assessed by binomial regression models. Of the 3874 cases of measles in the US over the study period, 3506 (90.5%, 95% CI: 89.5–91.4) occurred in US residents. The AIR per million population in US residents over this period was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.59–0.61), with an overall significant increase over time (p = 0.011). The median percentage of imported and vaccinated cases were 36% [17.9–46.6] and 15% [12.1–23.2] respectively. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of imported cases (p < 0.001) but not of vaccinated cases (p = 0.159) over time. There was a moderate and weak negative correlation between the AIR and the percentage of imported and vaccinated cases respectively (r = –0.59 and r = –0.27 respectively). On multiple linear regression there was a significant linear association between the AIR and the number of outbreaks (p = 0.003) but not with the percentage of imported cases (p = 0.436) and vaccinated cases (p = 0.692), R2 = 0.73. Strong negative and positive correlations were seen between the number of outbreaks and the percentage of imported cases (r = –0.61) and the of number states affected (r = 0.88) respectively. Despite the overall reduction in the percentage of imported cases of measles over the past two decades, pockets of internal transmission of the disease following importation via increasing number of outbreaks in unvaccinated subpopulations, reinforced by vaccine hesitancy, account for the sustained increase in measles incidence rates in the US. Controlling indigenous transmission through efficient vaccination coverage in at-risk subpopulations and among international US travellers, improved disease surveillance and rapid outbreak containment are essential in curbing the measles resurgence.

scholarly journals Global Impact and Implications of Covid-19: Call for Multi-Dimensional Perspectives towards Sustainable Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddie O. Rahube
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an enormous challenge, and it is evidently presenting itself as one of the greatest threats to humanity. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global health impact and implications of COVID-19 relative to other recent viral disease outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with the aim to propose the implementation of sustainable solutions. The magnitude of COVID-19 deaths is incomparable to other coronaviruses (CoVs) disease outbreaks experienced in recent history. The high number of deaths observed in developed countries compared to developing countries may have been triggered by the late response/preparedness to the pandemic rather than by the socio-economic statuses. CoVs will remain a serious health threat to humanity due to absence of vaccines and anti-viral treatments. The absence of specific treatment regimens also lead to heavy reliance on chemical disinfectants and could significantly contribute to the rise in AMR, further raising some important questions surrounding hygiene, microbes, ecosystem health and human diseases. The CEASE approach, comprising of five key elements; Communication, Education, Advocacy, Socialization, and Experimentation is proposed for implementation at a global level. CEASE approach is critical especially for African countries and can be used to further explore opportunities that can lead to improvements in sanitation, access to clean water, health care, education and infectious disease surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence of Osteoarthritis: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4282
Author(s):  
Rola Hamood ◽  
Matanya Tirosh ◽  
Noga Fallach ◽  
Gabriel Chodick ◽  
Elon Eisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Care Database

While trends data of osteoarthritis (OA) are accumulating, primarily from Western Europe and the US, a gap persists in the knowledge of OA epidemiology in Middle Eastern populations. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, incidence, correlations, and temporal trends of OA in Israel during 2013–2018, using a nationally representative primary care database. On 31 December 2018, a total of 180,126 OA patients were identified, representing a point prevalence of 115.3 per 1000 persons (95% CI, 114.8–115.8 per 1000 persons). Geographically, OA prevalence was not uniformly distributed, with the Southern and Northern peripheral districts having a higher prevalence than the rest of the Israeli regions. OA incidence increased over time from 7.36 per 1000 persons (95% CI 6.21–7.50 per 1000 persons) in 2013 to 8.23 per 1000 persons (95% CI 8.09–8.38 per 1000 persons) in 2017 (p-value for trend = 0.02). The incidence was lowest in patients under 60 years (in both sexes) and peaked at 60–70 years. In older ages, the incidence leveled off in men and declined in women. The growing risk of OA warrants a greater attention to timely preventive and therapeutic interventions. Further population-based studies in the Middle East are needed to identify modifiable risk factors for timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.

An exploratory study of disease surveillance systems in Norway

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika A Johansen ◽  
Jeremiah Scholl ◽  
Gudleif Aronsen ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
Johan G Bellika
Keyword(s):  
Distributed System ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Serious Disease

We conducted a qualitative study of the system for contagious disease surveillance in Norway. Semi-structured interviews were held with five general practitioners (GPs), including one person responsible for informing GPs in their region about potentially serious disease outbreaks. The interviews suggested that the existing system had several limitations, making it of little relevance to local epidemics or daily medical practice. Specifically, it was difficult and time-consuming for physicians to locate relevant information, and there was a substantial delay between reported diagnoses and eventual feedback about outbreaks. This resulted in information that was too old to be of value. The interviews also investigated design matters related to future realtime disease surveillance systems. The GPs expressed interest in a distributed system for realtime extraction and presentation of data from electronic record systems. They required that any such system be customizable to the specific needs of the doctor in order to be relevant in day-to-day practice, and that correct interpretation of data would be possible in the minimum of time.

scholarly journals Reporting epidemiology of antibiotic resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ambretti ◽  
Carlo Gagliotti ◽  
Francesco Luzzaro ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Angelo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
The Us ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Critical Aspects

The aim of antimicrobial resistance surveillance is to monitor temporal trends and provide clinicians with data to define empirical treatment protocols. The surveillance methods adopted in different settings can be significantly different and, therefore, no reference can be made to a single set of standards. This paper outlines the main features of analysis and reporting of antimicrobial resistance data according to the guidelines issued by the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the surveillance systems adopted in Europe. In this article the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of analyses will be discussed highlighting the critical aspects to be taken into account in surveillance data reporting.

scholarly journals Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (101) ◽  
pp. 20140950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Smith ◽  
Michael Goldberg ◽  
Samantha Rosenthal ◽  
Lynn Carlson ◽  
Jane Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Biased Reporting

To characterize the change in frequency of infectious disease outbreaks over time worldwide, we encoded and analysed a novel 33-year dataset (1980–2013) of 12 102 outbreaks of 215 human infectious diseases, comprising more than 44 million cases occuring in 219 nations. We merged these records with ecological characteristics of the causal pathogens to examine global temporal trends in the total number of outbreaks, disease richness (number of unique diseases), disease diversity (richness and outbreak evenness) and per capita cases. Bacteria, viruses, zoonotic diseases (originating in animals) and those caused by pathogens transmitted by vector hosts were responsible for the majority of outbreaks in our dataset. After controlling for disease surveillance, communications, geography and host availability, we find the total number and diversity of outbreaks, and richness of causal diseases increased significantly since 1980 ( p < 0.0001). When we incorporate Internet usage into the model to control for biased reporting of outbreaks (starting 1990), the overall number of outbreaks and disease richness still increase significantly with time ( p < 0.0001), but per capita cases decrease significantly ( p = 0.005). Temporal trends in outbreaks differ based on the causal pathogen's taxonomy, host requirements and transmission mode. We discuss our preliminary findings in the context of global disease emergence and surveillance.

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