scholarly journals Reporting epidemiology of antibiotic resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ambretti ◽  
Carlo Gagliotti ◽  
Francesco Luzzaro ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Angelo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
The Us ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Critical Aspects

The aim of antimicrobial resistance surveillance is to monitor temporal trends and provide clinicians with data to define empirical treatment protocols. The surveillance methods adopted in different settings can be significantly different and, therefore, no reference can be made to a single set of standards. This paper outlines the main features of analysis and reporting of antimicrobial resistance data according to the guidelines issued by the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the surveillance systems adopted in Europe. In this article the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of analyses will be discussed highlighting the critical aspects to be taken into account in surveillance data reporting.

scholarly journals Data handling as a basis for local antimicrobial resistance surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Alina G. Vinogradova ◽  
Alexey Yu. Kuzmenkov
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Local Levels

Continuing trends of antimicrobial resistance growth require a set of countermeasures, of which antimicrobial resistance surveillance at the global, national, and local levels plays one of the most important roles. Local surveillance systems are the most significant in controlling the changes in susceptibility of microorganisms in specific settings and contribute to the necessary activities, including prevention of epidemics. This paper presents basic principles and recommendations for handling antimicrobial resistance surveillance data, provides examples of table completion and metadata quick guide. A focus is made on specific issues and problems associated with surveillance data handling and the ways to resolve those problems are proposed.

scholarly journals An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan B. Simpson ◽  
Bingjie Zhou ◽  
Tania M. Alarcon Falconi ◽  
Elena N. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Annual Time Series

Abstract Disease surveillance systems worldwide face increasing pressure to maintain and distribute data in usable formats supplemented with effective visualizations to enable actionable policy and programming responses. Annual reports and interactive portals provide access to surveillance data and visualizations depicting temporal trends and seasonal patterns of diseases. Analyses and visuals are typically limited to reporting the annual time series and the month with the highest number of cases per year. Yet, detecting potential disease outbreaks and supporting public health interventions requires detailed spatiotemporal comparisons to characterize spatiotemporal patterns of illness across diseases and locations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) FoodNet Fast provides population-based foodborne-disease surveillance records and visualizations for select counties across the US. We offer suggestions on how current FoodNet Fast data organization and visual analytics can be improved to facilitate data interpretation, decision-making, and communication of features related to trend and seasonality. The resulting compilation, or analecta, of 436 visualizations of records and codes are openly available online.

Characteristics and Evolution of Microbial Drug Resistance in Burnt Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Huang ◽  
Yu Gan ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Liangdi Gao ◽  
Bing Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Microbial Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Wound infection is a serious complication in burnt injury, which is a common form of trauma and an important public health issue. We investigated samples from burn and non-burn wounds for microbial characteristics and temporal trends of antibiotic resistance. Wound samples were collected from 369 burnt patients and 927 non-burnt individuals admitted from 2007 to 2017. Higher frequency of A. baumannii, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa were observed in samples from burnt individuals when compared to those from non-burnt patients. The prevalence of different groups of bacteria varied when the samples were stratified according to age and sex. The antimicrobial resistance profiles showed significant difference between burnt and non-burnt patients. The different temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance rates were also found, which may be critical for proper selection of antibiotics in burn treatment. The present study suggested that frequent pathogens and antibacterial resistance evolution could differ between burn wounds and other wounds. Therefore, periodic surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns in burn unit might help physicians properly select of antibiotics for treatment.

Mycoplasma genitalium and antimicrobial resistance in Europe: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernández-Huerta ◽  
María J Barberá ◽  
Judit Serra-Pladevall ◽  
Juliana Esperalba ◽  
Xavier Martínez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Resistance Data

Antibiotic resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium has been emerging in Europe. Also, discrepancies on the management and treatment of sexually transmitted infections may have distinctly influenced the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among European countries. This comprehensive review of the literature published between 2012 and 2018 updates antimicrobial resistance data in M. genitalium in Europe. Overall, macrolide resistance is rapidly increasing in this region, where many countries are exceeding 50%. The limited data regarding fluoroquinolone resistance estimate a prevalence of 5% (interquartile range, 5–6%). The study supports the need to conduct representative and well-defined surveillance on antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium at both local and European levels. Also, further investigations on new promising antibiotics are required to fight against M. genitalium that may soon become untreatable.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance: Then and Now

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Kanika Sharma ◽  
Baitullah Abdali ◽  
Payal Kesharwani ◽  
Neha Mittal ◽  
Hemlata Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Development History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Alexander Fleming

Antibiotics have been regarded as one of the major discoveries of the 20th century. But the problem that came attached with is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals and communities. The genetic makeup of microbes has benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and means of horizontal gene transmission to give rise to various mechanisms of resistance. Alexander Fleming upon accepting the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine said “It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory by exposing them to concentrations not sufficient to kill them. There is a danger that an ignorant man may easily under dose himself and by exposing his microbes to non lethal quantities of the drug and make them resistant”. This review presents the multifaceted aspects of antibiotic resistance development, history, superbug and superresiatance and resistance data observed over the past years with an overt conclusion showing undeniable methods to overcome the discussed problem, glaringly striking that it is time to act.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Italy: preliminary results from the AR-ISS project

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boccia ◽  
A Pantosti ◽  
F D'Ancona ◽  
S Giannitelli ◽  
M. Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Integrate Data

Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical problem in human medicine today, from both clinical and economic points of view. In 1999, the Council of the European Union included antibiotic resistance among the public health priorities in the Community, and a resolution entitled 'A strategy against the microbial threat' was issued (1). According to this document, the establishment or strengthening of a surveillance system for the collection of reliable and comparable data on a national and international scale is one of the main interventions needed to control and prevent antibiotic resistance. Surveillance systems should also integrate data about the use and prescription of antibiotics (2).

scholarly journals Detection of the United States Neisseria meningitidis urethritis clade in the United Kingdom, August and December 2019 – emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance calls for vigilance

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril Brooks ◽  
Jay Lucidarme ◽  
Helen Campbell ◽  
Laura Campbell ◽  
Helen Fifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sex With Men

Since 2015 in the United States (US), the US Neisseria meningitidis urethritis clade (US_NmUC) has caused a large multistate outbreak of urethritis among heterosexual males. Its ‘parent’ strain caused numerous outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men in Europe and North America. We highlight the arrival and dissemination of US_NmUC in the United Kingdom and the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Surveillance systems should be developed that include anogenital meningococci.

scholarly journals AMRmap: An Interactive Web Platform for Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Data in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Y. Kuzmenkov ◽  
Ivan V. Trushin ◽  
Alina G. Vinogradova ◽  
Andrey A. Avramenko ◽  
Marina V. Sukhorukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Smart Data ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Web Platform

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial for identifying trends in resistance and developing strategies for prevention and treatment of infections. Globally, AMR surveillance systems differ in terms of organizational principles, comprehensiveness, accessibility, and usability of data presentation. Until recently, the data on AMR in Russia were scarcely available, especially to international community, despite the fact that the large prospective multicenter surveillance in Russia was conducted and data were accumulated for over 20 years. We describe the source of data, structure, and functionality of a new-generation web platform, called AMRmap (https://amrmap.net/), for analysis of AMR surveillance data in Russia. The developed platform currently comprises susceptibility data of >40,000 clinical isolates, and the data on abundance of key resistance determinants, including acquired carbapenemases in gram-negatives, are updated annually with information on >5,000 new isolates. The AMRmap allows smart data filtration by multiple parameters and provides interactive data analysis and visualization tools: MIC and S/I/R distribution plots, time-trends and regression plots, associated resistance plots, prevalence maps, statistical significance graphs, and tables.

scholarly journals Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Zia Ul Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Nabeel Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq ◽  
Irum Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
Local Antibiotic ◽  
Resistance Data

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could experience multiple coinfections, and judicial antimicrobials, including antibiotics, is paramount to treat these coinfections. This study evaluated physicians’ perception, attitude, and confidence about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial prescribing in patients with COVID-19.Methods: A self-administered and validated online questionnaire comprised of six sections was disseminated among physicians working in public sector hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan, using the convenience sampling method from April to May 2021. The study also assessed the validity and reliability of the study questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, the descriptive and inferential statistics present survey results.Results: A total of 387 physicians participated in this study. The study showed that the questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). Most physicians (n = 221, 57.1%) believed that AMR is a considerable problem in Pakistan. Less than a quarter of respondents (n = 91, 23.5%) consulted with local antibiotic resistance data to prescribe antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. However, the respondents were confident to select a suitable antibiotic (n = 229, 59.2%). More than three-quarters of the respondents believed that advice from a senior colleague (n = 336, 86.8%), infectious disease (ID) physician (n = 315, 81.4%), and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) could facilitate appropriate prescribing of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that physicians with more than 10 years of experience had higher odds of consulting local guidelines for antibiotic therapy (OR, 4.71 95% CI: 1.62–13.73, p = 0.004) than physicians with less than 5 years of experience. Similar trends were found for consulting national guidelines and local resistance data to select an empiric antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: AMR-related awareness was optimal among physicians. Only a few physicians looked up local antibiotic resistance data before prescribing antibiotics to COVID-19 patients empirically. The significant approaches advised by physicians to reduce AMR risk among COVID-19 patients were the implementation of ASPs combined with advice from ID physicians.

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