scholarly journals DNA-Methylation and Body Composition in Preschool Children: Epigenome-Wide-Analysis in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP)-Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rzehak ◽  
Marcela Covic ◽  
Richard Saffery ◽  
Eva Reischl ◽  
Simone Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Childhood Obesity

scholarly journals Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

scholarly journals Association between objectively measured body composition, sleep parameters and physical activity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042669
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Piotr Matłosz ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Agnieszka Szybisty ◽  
Paweł Lenik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveAssociations between self-reported sleep duration and obesity indices in children are well recognised; however, there are no studies on associations between objectively measured other sleep parameters and physical activity with body composition in preschoolers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the associations between sleep parameters and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with body composition indices in preschoolers using objective measures.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study group consisted of 676 children aged 5–6 years, who were enrolled in kindergartens in the 2017/2018 school year.Outcome measuresSleep parameters and MVPA were measured using accelerometers for 7 days. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition.ResultsSleep duration and sleep efficiency were inversely associated with body fat percentage (BFP) (β=−0.013 and β from –0.311 to −0.359, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (β from −0.005 to −0.006 and from −0.105 to –0.121, respectively), and directly associated with fat-free mass (FFM) (β from 0.010 to 0.011 and from 0.245 to 0.271, respectively) and muscle mass (β from 0.012 to 0.012 and from 0.277 to 0.307, respectively) in unadjusted and adjusted models. BFP was inversely associated with MVPA and positively associated with number of awakenings and sleep periods. Number of sleep periods was inversely associated with FFM, and positively with BMI and muscle mass. Correlation matrix indicated significant correlation between BFP, FFM and muscle mass with sleep duration, sleep efficiency, number of sleep periods and MVPA.ConclusionsPeriodic assessment of sleep parameters and MVPA in relation to body composition in preschool children may be considered, especially in those who are at risk for obesity.

Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Fernández ◽  
Ainhoa Sarasua Miranda ◽  
Isabel Lorente Blázquez ◽  
Ignacio Diez López
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.

scholarly journals Perception that Mothers and / or Guardians of Overweight or Obese Preschool Children Have of a Text Messaging Program to Support Behaviour Change in their Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096157
Author(s):  
Solange Parra-Soto ◽  
Alejandra Ortega ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Juliana Kain
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Lifestyle Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews

In most childhood obesity preventive programs, parents are targeted as they are key in achieving lifestyle behavior change in their children. Because their participation is generally low, new technologies, such as text messaging, are being tested to assess if their participation increases. The objective of this study was to determine the perception that mothers of overweight/ obese preschool children have of a textmessaging program developed to support their children’s lifestyle behavior change. Text messages were sent to 60 mothers twice a week for 12 weeks; 58 of them said they received all of them. During the process mothers were contacted twice regarding their opinion on all aspects related to the messages. At follow-up, we determined perception by in depth interviews administered to participants. Results show that text messaging implemented in a personalized manner was considered successful in regards to providing useful information to support their children’s behavior change.

scholarly journals Differential DNA methylation profile in infants born small-for-gestational-age: association with markers of adiposity and insulin resistance from birth to age 24 months

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001402
Author(s):  
Marta Diaz ◽  
Edurne Garde ◽  
Abel Lopez-Bermejo ◽  
Francis de Zegher ◽  
Lourdes Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Methylation Profiling

IntroductionPrenatal growth restraint followed by rapid postnatal weight gain increases lifelong diabetes risk. Epigenetic dysregulation in critical windows could exert long-term effects on metabolism and confer such risk.Research design and methodsWe conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in peripheral blood from infants born appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n=30) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA, n=21, with postnatal catch-up) at age 12 months, to identify new genes that may predispose to metabolic dysfunction. Candidate genes were validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing in the entire cohort. All infants were followed since birth; cord blood methylation profiling was previously reported. Endocrine-metabolic variables and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed at birth and at 12 and 24 months.ResultsGPR120 (cg14582356, cg01272400, cg23654127, cg03629447), NKX6.1 (cg22598426, cg07688460, cg17444738, cg12076463, cg10457539), CPT1A (cg14073497, cg00941258, cg12778395) and IGFBP 4 (cg15471812) genes were hypermethylated (GPR120, NKX6.1 were also hypermethylated in cord blood), whereas CHGA (cg13332653, cg15480367, cg05700406), FABP5 (cg00696973, cg10563714, cg16128701), CTRP1 (cg19231170, cg19472078, cg0164309, cg07162665, cg17758081, cg18996910, cg06709009), GAS6 (N/A), ONECUT1 (cg14217069, cg02061705, cg26158897, cg06657050, cg15446043) and SLC2A8 (cg20758474, cg19021975, cg11312566, cg12281690, cg04016166, cg03804985) genes were hypomethylated in SGA infants. These genes were related to β-cell development and function, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism and associated with body mass index, body composition, and markers of insulin resistance at 12 and 24 months.ConclusionIn conclusion, at 12 months, abnormal methylation of GPR120 and NKX6.1 persists and new epigenetic marks further involved in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis arise in SGA infants. These abnormalities may contribute to metabolic dysfunction and diabetes risk later in life.

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