scholarly journals Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in primary breast tumours and metastatic axillary lymph nodes and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Yuan ◽  
Zhaoyun Liu ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Xinzhao Wang ◽  
Mengxue Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Breast Tumours ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Metastatic Lymph

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in primary breast tumours to that in metastatic axillary lymph nodes and to determine the correlation between the PD-1/PD-L1 status and clinicopathologic characteristics. In total, 47 paired breast tumour and metastatic axillary lymph node samples were collected in this study. Immunohistochemical technology was used to determine the positivity or negativity of PD-1/PD-L1. Other patient information was retrieved from medical records. Significant differences in PD-L1 expression were observed between primary breast tumours and paired axillary lymph nodes. We also observed that the presence of PD-1/PD-L1 positivity in metastatic lymph nodes was significantly associated with poor prognostic features, such as a high Ki-67 index (p = 0.048), a high TNM stage (p = 0.012), a large number of metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.002), and a high histology grade (p = 0.029). Since heterogeneity exists, it is necessary to determine the PD-L1 status in both the primary tumour and metastatic lymph nodes.

Expression of PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Ying Jieer ◽  
Xu Qi ◽  
Liu Bixia ◽  
Cheng Xiangdong
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Tumor Specificity

73 Background: The objective of this study was to explore the expression patterns of PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and thereby to understand the role of activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the initiation and development of gastric cancer. Methods: Envision immunohistochemistry assay was used to examine the expression patterns of PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in primary GC sites, metastatic lymph nodes and peritumoral mucosa among 50 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for stage I-IV (M0) gastric cancer. Results: The PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR showed significantly higher expressions in primary tumor sites and metastatic lymph nodes as compared to that of the peritumoral mucosa. The study of the pathway components and clinicopathological characteristics revealed that p-AKT and p-mTOR expressions were selectively higher in primary tumors with less than 5 cm diameter. The PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR positive patients had shorter median survival time as compared to the patients negative for them (42.8 m vs. 57.0 m, 46.8 m vs. 55.9 m, 47.2 m vs. 53.0 m). However, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was associated with the development and prognosis of gastric cancer. The expression of PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR was correlated well with tumor specificity in gastric cancer and they might have some potential as promising targets for clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Morphological and Functional Features for Assessment of Axillary Lymph Node in Breast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Mario Sansone ◽  
Vincenza Granata ◽  
Maurizio Di Bonito ◽  
Franca Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Features

Background. Axillary lymph-node assessment is considered one of the most important prognostic factors concerning breast cancer survival. Objective. We investigated the discriminative power of morphological and functional features in assessing the axillary lymph node. Methods. We retrospectively analysed data from 52 consecutive patients who undergone DCE-MRI and were diagnosed with primary breast carcinoma: 94 lymph nodes were identified. Per each lymph node, we extracted morphological features: circularity, compactness, convexity, curvature, elongation, diameter, eccentricity, irregularity, radial length, entropy, rectangularity, roughness, smoothness, sphericity, spiculation, surface, and volume. Moreover, we extracted functional features: time to peak (TTP), maximum signal difference (MSD), wash-in intercept (WII), wash-out intercept (WOI), wash-in slope (WIS), wash-out slope (WOS), area under gadolinium curve (AUGC), area under wash-in (AUWI), and area under wash-out (AUWO). Selection of important features in predicting metastasis has been done by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Performance of linear discriminant analysis was analysed. Results. All morphological features but circularity showed a significant difference between median values of metastatic lymph nodes group and nonmetastatic lymph nodes group. All dynamic parameters except for MSD and WOS showed a statistically significant difference between median values of metastatic lymph nodes group and nonmetastatic lymph nodes group. Best results for discrimination of metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes were obtained by AUGC (accuracy 75.8%), WIS (accuracy 71.0%), WOS (accuracy 71.0%), and AUCWO (accuracy 72.6%) for dynamic features and by compactness (accuracy 82.3%), curvature (accuracy 71.0%), radial length (accuracy 71.0%), roughness (accuracy 74.2%), smoothness (accuracy 77.2%), and speculation (accuracy 72.6%) for morphological features. Linear combination of all morphological and/or of all dynamic features did not increase accuracy in metastatic lymph nodes discrimination. Conclusions. Compactness as morphological feature and area under time-intensity curve as dynamic feature were the best parameters in identifying metastatic lymph nodes on breast MRI.

scholarly journals Histopathological and Tumor Characteristics Associated with False Negative Axillary Ultrasonography Results in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Merve Gursoy ◽  
Gulten Sezgin ◽  
Emine Merve Horoz ◽  
Berna Dirim Mete ◽  
Nezahat Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aims: As the false-negative rates of axillary ultrasonography (AUS) (21%-48%) are not optimal, the demand for axillary surgery remains even if AUS is negative. The aim of this study is to determine the histopathological and tumor characteristics associated with false-negative AUS results.Materials and methods: Patients with normal AUS were divided into two groups as true-negative and false-negative according to the histopathology results of axillary lymph nodes. Two groups were compared in terms of age, histological grade of the primary tumor, histological size of the primary tumor, histological type, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and ultrasonography BI-RADS classification of the primary tumor. The number of metastatic lymph nodes, size of the largest metastatic lymph node and the number of micrometastatic lymph nodes were also noted in the false-negative group.Results: There were 152 patients with normal preoperative AUS in the study group. The false-negative AUS rate was 20.4%. The incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and the mean tumor size was significantly greater in the false-negative group. Micrometastasis was present in 3 patients (3/31, 9.6%), the mean of the largest metastatic lymph nodes was 12.5 mm, the mean total number of malignant lymph nodes was 1.9 in the false-negative group. In 25/31 (80.6%) of the patients, there were less than or equal to 2 metastatic lymph nodes. The presence of LVI was higher in the false-negative group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the other parameters.Conclusion: Before stating that the axilla is normal on ultrasonography, a careful evaluation should be made in patients with a mass >2 cm in size and/ or ILC diagnosis

scholarly journals The Bcl-2 protein: a prognostic indicator strongly related to ER and PR in breast cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurija Bilalović ◽  
Semir Vranić ◽  
Senad Hasanagić ◽  
Hiba Basić ◽  
Aida Tatarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph

Bcl-2, the protein product of the Bcl-2 gene, is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that play a crucial role in a complex mechanism of apoptosis. It was recently proposed that bcl-2 could inhibit cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns of Bcl-2, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) in 71 primary invasive breast carcinomas and their association with other clinicopathological parameters. Samples from 71 patients with invasive breast cancer with follow-up ranging from 4-103 months (median 57 months) were included in the study. Forty-six patients (66%) obtained a complete response, while 5 (9%) were considered non-responders during the follow up period of 103 months. Eighteen (25%) patients died, 15 (21%) from primary disease and 3 (4%) from other disease. In unvaried analysis, tumor size (<2 cm), lymph node (<4 lymph nodes), hormonal status and Bcl-2 expression are correlated with longer overall (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Patients with 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes had significantly shorter OS (p=0.01) and RFS (p=0.009). Higher expression of Bcl-2 was associated with longer OS (p=0.02) and RFS (p=0.03), and this result were independent of axillary lymph nodes and tumor size in Cox multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Effect of Second Near-Infrared Absorbing Gold Nanorods on Metastatic Lymph Nodes via Lymphatic Delivery System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Adewale O. Oladipo ◽  
Thabang C. Lebepe ◽  
Vuyelwa Ncapayi ◽  
Ncediwe Tsolekile ◽  
Sundararajan Parani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Lymphatic Delivery

Photothermal therapy has been established recently as a non-invasive treatment protocol for cancer metastatic lymph nodes. Although this treatment approach shows efficient tumour ablation towards lymph node metastasis, the monitoring and reporting of treatment progress using the lymphatic delivery channel still need to be explored. Herein, we investigated the anti-tumour effect of pegylated gold nanorods with a high aspect ratio (PAuNRs) delivered via the lymphatic route in a mouse model. In this study, breast carcinoma (FM3A-Luc) cells were inoculated in the subiliac lymph node (SiLN) to induce metastasis in the proper axillary lymph node (PALN). The treatment was initiated by injecting the PAuNRs into the accessory axillary lymph node (AALN) after tumour metastasis was confirmed in the PALN followed by external NIR laser irradiation under a temperature-controlled cooling system. The anti-tumour impact of the treatment was evaluated using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system (IVIS). The results showed a time-dependent reduction in tumour activity with significant treatment response. Tumour growth was inhibited in all mice treated with PAuNRs under laser irradiation; results were statistically significant (** p < 0.01) even after treatment was concluded on day 3. We believe that this non-invasive technique would provide more information on the dynamics of tumour therapy using the lymphatically administered route in preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Axillary Lymph Nodes as Normal, Reactive and Benign Using Conventional Ultrasonography

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Md. Menhazul Islam ◽  
Mahbuba Shirin ◽  
Sayeeda Shawkat ◽  
Salahuddin Al Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Metastatic Lymph

Background:Detection ofabnormalities ofaxillary lymph nodes is important for the diagnosis of different pathologies. Objective:The purpose of this present study was to see the accuracy of conventional USG for the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhakafrom July 2012 to June 2013 for a period of one year. In this study normal healthy woman who came for screening of breast disease without any symptoms and did not have any abnormality on USG was included and werecategorized as normal patient. Axillary lymph nodes from the normal patients werecategorized as benign lymph nodes. Patients, who came with the complaints of mastalgia with normal breast findings, were included as patients with mastalgia. The lymph nodes from the patients of mastalgia were considered as reactive lymph nodes and patients with known breast cancer and lymph node metastasis were included as malignant patients. Metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients was included diagnosed by cytopathology or histopathology as metastatic lymph nodes. Following patients’ second visit or final diagnosis the patients were included in the data set. Long axis diameter was taken as longest diameter in long axis. Result: In benign vs reactive lymph node the area under curve for long axis diameter was 0.534 (asymptotic significance 0.307), short axis diameter was 0.589 (asymptotic significance 0.007), sinus length 0.492 (asymptotic significance 0.798), cortical thickness was 0.684 (asymptotic significance 0.0001) short long ratio was 0.570 (asymptotic significance 0.033). In reactive vs metastatic the area under curve for long axis diameter was 0.464 (asymptotic significance 0.391), short axis diameter was 0.741 (asymptotic significance 0.000), sinus length 0.257 (asymptotic significance 0.037), cortical thickness was 0.625 (asymptotic significance 0.003) short long ratio was 0.791 (asymptotic significance 0.000), sinus long ratio 0.279 (asymptotic significance 0.040) cortex short axis ratio .516 (asymptotic significance 0.708).The cut off for short-long axis diameter ratio was 0.43, for short axis was 0.66cm and for cortical thickness 0.37cm. In benign vs metastasis lymph node the area under curve for long axis diameter was 0.533 (asymptotic significance 0.417), short axis diameter was 0.797 (asymptotic significance 0.000), sinus length 0.254 (asymptotic significance 0.000), cortical thickness was 0.757 (asymptotic significance 0.0001) short long ratio was 0.847 (asymptotic significance 0.0001), sinus long ratio 0.241 (asymptotic significance 0.0001) cortex short axis ratio .661 (asymptotic significance 0.0001). Conclusion: To differentiate benign, reactive and metastatic lymph node, cortical thickness and shape are the important parameters. Journal of Science Foundation 2015;13(2):36-45DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i2.27933

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