scholarly journals Microsporidia Nosema spp. – obligate bee parasites are transmitted by air

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Horecka ◽  
Malgorzata Cebrat ◽  
Marek Kowalczyk ◽  
Tomasz H. Skrzypek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Spore Trapping ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Average Copy

Abstract Microsporidia Nosema are transferred among bees via the faecal-oral route. Nosema spp. spores have been detected on flowers and transferred to hives along with the bee pollen. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Nosema microsporidia are transferred by air in an apiary, in a control area (without the presence of bee colonies), and/or in a laboratory during cage experiments with artificially infected bees. The novel way of transmission by air was investigated by the volumetric method using a Hirst-type aerobiological sampler located on the ground in the apiary, in the Botanical Garden and on the laboratory floor. Concurrently, the mean rate of Nosema infections in the foragers in the apiary was estimated with the Bürker haemocytometer method. Spore-trapping tapes were imaged by means of light microscopy, Nomarski interference contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The highest concentration of Nosema spores per 1m3 of air (4.65) was recorded in August, while the lowest concentration (2.89) was noted in July. This was confirmed by a Real-Time PCR analysis. The presence of N. apis as well as N. ceranae was detected in each of the tested tapes from the apiary. The average copy number of N. apis was estimated at 14.4 × 104 copies per 1 cm2 of the tape; whereas the number of N. ceranae was 2.24 × 104 copies per tape per 1 cm2. The results indicate that Nosema microsporidia were transferred by the wind in the apiary, but not in the Botanical Garden and laboratory by air. This was confirmed by genetic analyses. DNA from immobilised biological material was isolated and subjected to a PCR to detect the Nosema species. A fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, characteristic of Nosema apis and N. ceranae, was detected. Our research adds knowledge about the transfer of Nosema spp. microsporidia in the natural environment and indicates the season associated with the greatest risk of a bee colony infection with Nosema spp.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar T. Malsane ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
R. B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area.

PCR Detection of Alternaria spp. in Processed Foods, Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Genetic Marker

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUELÁNGEL PAVÓN ◽  
ISABEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
MARÍA ROJAS ◽  
NICOLETTE PEGELS ◽  
ROSARIO MARTÍN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tomato Pulp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

The genus Alternaria is considered one of the most important fungal contaminants of vegetables, fruits, and cereals, producing several mycotoxins that can withstand food processing methods. Conventional methods for Alternaria identification and enumeration are laborious and time-consuming, and they might not detect toxigenic molds inactivated by food processing. In this study, a PCR method has been developed for the rapid identification of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs, based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 regions of the rRNA gene. The specificity of the Alternaria-specific primer pair designed (Dir1ITSAlt–Inv1ITSAlt) was verified by PCR analysis of DNA from various Alternaria spp., and also from several fungal, bacterial, yeast, animal, and plant species. The detection limit of the method was 102 CFU/ml in viable culture, heated culture, or experimentally inoculated tomato pulp. The applicability of the method for detection of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs was assessed by testing several commercial samples. Alternaria DNA was detected in 100% of spoiled tomato samples, 8% of tomato products, and 36.4% of cereal-based infant food samples analyzed.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Novel Borrelia Species, Candidatus Borrelia javanense, in Amblyomma javanense Ticks from Pangolins

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Bao-Gui Jiang ◽  
Ai-Qiong Wu ◽  
Jia-Fu Jiang ◽  
Ting-Ting Yuan ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flagellin Gene ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Novel Agent

A novel Borrelia species, Candidatus Borrelia javanense, was found in ectoparasite ticks, Amblyomma javanense, from Manis javanica pangolins seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Overall, 12 tick samples in 227 (overall prevalence 5.3%) were positive for Candidatus B. javanense, 9 (5.1%) in 176 males, and 3 (5.9%) in 51 females. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene and the flagellin gene sequences of the Borrelia sp., exhibited strong evidence that Candidatus B. javanense did not belong to the Lyme disease Borrelia group and the relapsing fever Borrelia group but another lineage of Borrelia. The discovery of the novel Borrelia species suggests that A. javanense may be the transmit vector, and the M. javanica pangolins should be considered a possible origin reservoir in the natural circulation of these new pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a novel Borrelia species agent in A. javanense from pangolins. Whether the novel agent is pathogenic to humans is unknown and needs further research.

scholarly journals Umboniibacter marinipuniceus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from the mollusc Umbonium costatum from the Sea of Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Romanenko ◽  
Naoto Tanaka ◽  
Galina M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Separate Branch

Two bacterial strains, KMM 3891T and KMM 3892, were isolated from internal tissues of the marine mollusc Umbonium costatum collected from the Sea of Japan. The novel isolates were Gram-negative, aerobic, faint pink–reddish-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile, stenohaline and psychrotolerant bacteria that were unable to degrade most tested complex polysaccharides. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Fatty acid analysis revealed C17 : 1 ω6c, C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c as the dominant components. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-7. The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 3891T was 51.7 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains KMM 3891T and KMM 3892 were positioned within the Gammaproteobacteria as a separate branch, sharing <93 % sequence similarity to their phylogenetic relatives including Saccharophagus degradans, Microbulbifer species, Endozoicomonas elysicola, Simiduia agarivorans and Teredinibacter turnerae. Based on phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic distance, the novel marine isolates KMM 3891T and KMM 3892 represent a new genus and species, for which the name Umboniibacter marinipuniceus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Umboniibacter marinipuniceus is KMM 3891T (=NRIC 0753T =JCM 15738T).

scholarly journals Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., a yeast species associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange C. Carreiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna ◽  
Waste Deposit

Four strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from laboratory nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens in Brazil. Three strains were found in older sponges and one was in a waste deposit in the ant nests. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species, named Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., is phylogenetically related to Sympodiomyces parvus. Unlike Sympodiomyces parvus, Sympodiomyces attinorum can ferment glucose, assimilate methyl α-d-glucoside, salicin and citrate, and grow at 37 °C, thus enabling these two species to be distinguished. Differentiation from other related species is possible on the basis of other growth characteristics. The type strain of Sympodiomyces attinorum is UNESP-S156T (=CBS 9734T=NRRL Y-27639T).

scholarly journals Rubritalea halochordaticola sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing verrucomicrobial species isolated from a marine chordate

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1515-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Yoon ◽  
Satoru Matsuda ◽  
Kyoko Adachi ◽  
Hiroaki Kasai ◽  
Akira Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

A Gram-negative-staining, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and chemoheterotrophic bacterium, designated strain MN1-1006T, was isolated from an ascidian (sea squirt) sample, and was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate shared approximately 93–99% sequence similarity with recognized species of the genus Rubritalea within the phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain MN1-1006T and Rubritalea squalenifaciens HOact23T and Rubritalea sabuli YM29-052T were 57% and 14.5%, respectively. Strain MN1-1006T produced carotenoid compounds that rendered the cell biomass a reddish pink colour. The strain also contained squalene. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained muramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain MN1-1006T was 51.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that strain MN1-1006T represents a novel species of the genus Rubritalea, for which the name Rubritalea halochordaticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN1-1006T ( = KCTC 23186T = NBRC 107102T).

scholarly journals Thermaerobacter litoralis sp. nov., a strictly aerobic and thermophilic bacterium isolated from a coastal hydrothermal field

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiji Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Kawaichi ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimura ◽  
Yoshihiko Sako
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Hydrothermal Field ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture ◽  
Bacterium Strain

A novel thermophilic bacterium, strain KW1T, was isolated from a coastal hydrothermal field on the Satsuma Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The variably Gram-stained cells were motile rods with flagella, did not form spores and proliferated at 52–78 °C (optimum, 70 °C), pH 5–8 (optimum, pH 7) and 0–4.5 % NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). The novel isolate was a strictly aerobic heterotroph that utilized complex proteinaceous substrates as well as a variety of carboxylic acids and amino acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.8 mol%. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KW1T is closely related to Thermaerobacter subterraneus C21T (98.4 % sequence similarity). However, the DNA–DNA hybridization value for strain KW1T and T. subterraneus ATCC BAA-137T was below 46 %. On the basis of the molecular and physiological traits of strain KW1T, it represents a novel species of the genus Thermaerobacter, for which the name Thermaerobacter litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KW1T (=JCM 13210T=DSM 17372T).

scholarly journals Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov., a scotochromogenic species related to the Mycobacterium simiae complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Tortoli ◽  
Erik C. Böttger ◽  
Anna Fabio ◽  
Enevold Falsen ◽  
Zoe Gitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polyphasic Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Simiae

Four strains isolated in the last 15 years were revealed to be identical in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to MCRO19, the sequence of which was deposited in GenBank in 1995. In a polyphasic analysis including phenotypic and genotypic features, the five strains (including MCRO19), which had been isolated in four European countries, turned out to represent a unique taxonomic entity. They are scotochromogenic slow growers and are genetically related to the group that included Mycobacterium simiae and 15 other species. The novel species Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these five strains. Strain FI-95228T ( = DSM 45397T  = CCUG 58464T) was chosen as the type strain. In addition, a thorough revision of the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the species related to M. simiae was conducted which leads us to suggest the denomination of the ‘Mycobacterium simiae complex’ for this group.

scholarly journals Burkholderia insulsa sp. nov., a facultatively chemolithotrophic bacterium isolated from an arsenic-rich shallow marine hydrothermal system

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Rusch ◽  
Shaer Islam ◽  
Pratixa Savalia ◽  
Jan P. Amend
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Shallow Marine Hydrothermal System ◽  
Type Strains

Enrichment cultures inoculated with hydrothermally influenced nearshore sediment from Papua New Guinea led to the isolation of an arsenic-tolerant, acidophilic, facultatively aerobic bacterial strain designated PNG-AprilT. Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile and did not form spores. Strain PNG-AprilT grew at temperatures between 4 °C and 40 °C (optimum 30–37 °C), at pH 3.5 to 8.3 (optimum pH 5–6) and in the presence of up to 2.7 % NaCl (optimum 0–1.0 %). Both arsenate and arsenite were tolerated up to concentrations of at least 0.5 mM. Metabolism in strain PNG-AprilT was strictly respiratory. Heterotrophic growth occurred with O2 or nitrate as electron acceptors, and aerobic lithoautotrophic growth was observed with thiosulfate or nitrite as electron donors. The novel isolate was capable of N2-fixation. The respiratory quinones were Q-8 and Q-7. Phylogenetically, strain PNG-AprilT belongs to the genus Burkholderia and shares the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Burkholderia fungorum (99.8 %), Burkholderia phytofirmans (98.8 %), Burkholderia caledonica (98.4 %) and Burkholderia sediminicola (98.4 %). Differences from these related species in several physiological characteristics (lipid composition, carbohydrate utilization, enzyme profiles) and DNA–DNA hybridization suggested the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Burkholderia , for which we propose the name Burkholderia insulsa sp. nov. The type strain is PNG-AprilT ( = DSM 28142T = LMG 28183T).

scholarly journals Salinicoccus luteus sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qin Zhang ◽  
Li-Yan Yu ◽  
Hong-Yu Liu ◽  
Yue-Qin Zhang ◽  
Li-Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium

A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain YIM 70202T, was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Egypt and was subjected to a taxonomic investigation. In a phylogenetic dendrogram based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM 70202T was affiliated to the Salinicoccus clade, showing 94.5–96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the recognized species of the genus Salinicoccus, in which Salinicoccus roseus CCM 3516T was the nearest neighbour. The DNA–DNA relatedness value of the novel isolate with S. roseus CCM 3516T was 12.7 %. The novel isolate grew at temperatures between 4 and 45 °C and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 11.0, with an optimum of 30 °C and pH 8.0–9.0, respectively. Strain YIM 70202T grew optimally in the presence of 10 % NaCl (w/v) and growth was observed at NaCl concentrations in the range 1–25 % (w/v). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain YIM 70202T contained MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone, possessed l-Lys–Gly5 as the cell-wall peptidoglycan, had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid as the polar lipids and contained i-C15 : 0 and ai-C15 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 49.7 mol%. The biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain YIM 70202T represents a novel species of the genus Salinicoccus. The name Salinicoccus luteus sp. nov. is proposed with strain YIM 70202T (=CGMCC 1.6511T=KCTC 3941T) as the type strain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document