scholarly journals Behavioural characterisation of chronic unpredictable stress based on ethologically relevant paradigms in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sequeira-Cordero ◽  
A. Salas-Bastos ◽  
J. Fornaguera ◽  
J. C. Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Lower Body Weight

AbstractThe chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm is extensively used in preclinical research. However, CUS exhibits translational inconsistencies, some of them resulting from the use of adult rodents, despite the evidence that vulnerability for many psychiatric disorders accumulates during early life. Here, we assessed the validity of the CUS model by including ethologically-relevant paradigms in juvenile rats. Thus, socially-isolated (SI) rats were submitted to CUS and compared with SI (experiment 1) and group-housed controls (experiment 1 and 2). We found that lower body-weight gain and hyperlocomotion, instead of sucrose consumption and preference, were the best parameters to monitor the progression of CUS, which also affected gene expression and neurotransmitter contents associated with that CUS-related phenotype. The behavioural characterisation after CUS placed locomotion and exploratory activity as the best stress predictors. By employing the exploratory factor analysis, we reduced each behavioural paradigm to few latent variables which clustered into two general domains that strongly predicted the CUS condition: (1) hyper-responsivity to novelty and mild threats, and (2) anxiety/depressive-like response. Altogether, the analyses of observable and latent variables indicate that early-life stress impairs the arousal-inhibition system leading to augmented and persistent responses towards novel, rewarding, and mildly-threatening stimuli, accompanied by lower body-weight gain.

scholarly journals Internal parasites that infected local rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-071
Author(s):  
Hind D Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Rabbits are animals affected by many different species of parasites, infection Lead to lower body weight gain compared with non-infected rabbits , while sever infection Lead to death , although rabbits are less likely to develop epidemic diseases, but they are exposed to diseases of care and malnutrition, as well as parasitic diseases . Turning to previous studies that dealt with the spread of internal parasites in rabbits such as (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Eimeria sp., Cystecercus pisiformis, Passalurus ambiguous). The current study aimed to defined of intestinal parasite in rabbit. Despite, the few of research on this subject for this study of intestinal parasites that Infection of rabbits and suggestion development of a database of studies of internal parasites affecting rabbits.

tert-Butylhydroquinone reduces lipid accumulation in C57BL/6 mice with lower body weight gain

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung-Woo Nam ◽  
Yong Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyun Jung Kwon ◽  
Sang-Ki Rhee ◽  
Wan-Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight

scholarly journals BLOOD PARASITES AFFECTS LOCAL RABBITS IN IRAQ, A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Rabbits are animals affected by many different species of parasites, infection Lead to lower body weight gain compared with non-infected rabbits , while sever infection Lead to death , although rabbits are less likely to develop epidemic diseases, but they are exposed to diseases of care and malnutrition, as well as parasitic diseases .Turning to previous studies that dealt with the spread of blood parasites in rabbits is a protozoan parasite such as (scab body, Babesia sp., Theileria sp., Anaplasma sp., Trypanosom sp. ,Plasmodium sp.). The current study aimed to defiend of blood parasite in rabbit in Iraq . Despite, the few of research on this subject for this study of blood parasites that Infection of rabbits and suggestion development of a database of studies of blood parasites affecting rabbits in Iraq.

SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF THE DWARF CHICKEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJARATNAM ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Dwarf Chicken

A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of hypothyroidism as an explanation for the smaller body size and lower metabolic activity of the recessive sex-linked dwarf chicken. A significant increase in body weight gain and feed intake for dwarf chicks with little change in these parameters for normal chicks receiving a diet supplemented with Protamone (brand name for iodinated casein) suggests a hypothyroidic state for the dwarfs. Similarly, a significantly lower body temperature, oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate with a higher percentage of carcass fat in dwarf chicks as compared with normal ones supports the above hypothesis. Protamone supplementation of the diet increased body temperature and metabolic rate, and altered the carcass composition of the dwarfs to values closer to that of normal chicks, again suggesting a low thyroxine output for the dwarfs.

scholarly journals Arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented diet in early life reduces body weight gain, plasma lipids, and adiposity in later life in ApoE*3Leiden mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Wielinga ◽  
Lucien F. Harthoorn ◽  
Lars Verschuren ◽  
Marieke H. Schoemaker ◽  
Zeina E. Jouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals The Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight Before and During Pregnancy in Women Enrolled in the WHO Calcium and Preeclampsia Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cormick ◽  
Ana Pilar Betrán ◽  
Janetta Harbron ◽  
Armando Seuc ◽  
Cintia White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Elemental Calcium

Introduction: Obesity is a major and challenging public health problem. The aim of this substudy is to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on body weight in women recruited in the Calcium and Preeclampsia trial. Methods: Women were recruited before pregnancy and randomized to receive a calcium supplement containing 500 mg of elemental calcium or placebo until 20 weeks’ gestation; all women received 1.5 g from 20 weeks until delivery. Results: A total of 630 women conceived during the study, 322 allocated to calcium and 308 to placebo. Among these, 230 allocated to calcium and 227 allocated to placebo had information on body weight at baseline and at 8 weeks' gestation. During the study period, women allocated to calcium had a mean weight increase of 1.1 (SD ±5.5) kg, whereas those allocated to placebo had a mean increase of 1.5 (SD ±6.1) kg, a mean difference of 0.4 kg (95% −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.6); P = .408). Women classified as obese at the start of the trial had a lower body weight gain at 8 weeks’ gestation (1.0 kg; 95% CI: −3.2 to 1.2; P = .330) and at 32 weeks’ gestation (2.1 kg; 95% CI: 5.6-1.3; P = .225) if they received calcium as compared to placebo. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The smaller increase in body weight found in women supplemented with 500 mg elemental calcium daily is quantitatively consistent with previous studies. However, in this study, the difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Microstructural meal pattern analysis reveals that nicotine is a potent anti-anorectic drug despite producing long-term anorexigenic effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokila Shankar ◽  
Frederic Ambroggi ◽  
Olivier George
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Anorectic Drug

AbstractNicotine consumption in both human and animal studies has been strongly associated with changes in feeding-related behaviors and metabolism. The current dogma is that chronic nicotine decreases food intake and increases metabolism, leading to lower body weight. However, the effect of acute nicotine intake on feeding is unclear. The present study employed microstructural and macrostructural behavioral analyses to elucidate changes in feeding behavior in animals that intravenously self-administered nicotine. At the microstructural level (seconds to minutes), nicotine increased feeding and drinking behavior during the first 5 minutes after nicotine self-administration. This effect was also observed in animals that passively received nicotine, but the effect was not observed in animals that self-administered saline or passively received saline. At the macrostructural level (hours to days), nicotine decreased body weight gain, decreased feeding, and was associated with increases in feeding and body weight gain during abstinence. These results suggest that nicotine first produces anti-anorectic effects before producing long-term anorexigenic effects. These results challenge the notion that nicotine is an anorexigenic drug and paradoxically suggest that the anorexigenic effects of nicotine may be a long-term consequence of acute anti-anorectic effects of nicotine.

scholarly journals Programming effects of an early life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules are transient under continuous exposure to a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onne A. H. O. Ronda ◽  
Bert J. M. van de Heijning ◽  
Alain de Bruin ◽  
Angelika Jurdzinski ◽  
Folkert Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Lower Body Weight

AbstractBreast-feeding is associated with a lower risk of developing obesity during childhood and adulthood compared with feeding infant milk formula (IMF). Previous studies have shown that an experimental IMF (eIMF; comprising Nuturis®) programmed mouse pups for a lower body weight and fat mass gain in adulthood when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with a control IMF (cIMF). Nuturis has a lipid composition and structure more similar to breast milk. Here, the long-term effects were tested of a similar eIMF, but with an adapted lipid composition and a cIMF, on body weight, glucose homoeostasis, liver and adipose tissue. Nutrient composition was similar for the eIMF and cIMF; the lipid fractions comprised approximately 50 % milk fat. C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were fed cIMF or eIMF from postnatal day (PN) 16–42 followed by an HFD until PN168. Feeding eIMF v. cIMF in early life resulted in a lower body weight (–9 %) and body fat deposition (–14 %) in adulthood (PN105). The effect appeared transient, as from PN126 onwards, after 12 weeks’ HFD, eIMF-fed mice caught up on controls and body and fat weights became comparable between groups. Glucose and energy metabolism were similar between groups. At dissection (PN168), eIMF-fed mice showed larger (+27 %) epididymal fat depots and a lower (–26 %) liver weight without clear morphological aberrations. Our data suggest the size and coating but not the lipid composition of IMF fat globules underlie the programming effect observed. Prolonged exposure to an HFD challenge partly overrules the programming effect of early diet.

EFFECT OF DIETARY RESERPINE ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME IN CHICKENS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
J. R. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Meat Type

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various levels of dietary reserpine on growth, feed conversion, percent mortality and percent mortality due to sudden death syndrome (SDS) of meat-type chickens to 10 wk of age. In one experiment, dietary reserpine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) had no significant effect on body weight gain but reduced feed:gain ratios with the two highest levels at 3 wk and at all levels at 7 and 10 wk. In the second experiment (0.0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg), dietary reserpine resulted in lower body weight at 3, 7 and 10 wk of age while feed:gain ratios at 7 or 10 wk were not affected. In both experiments neither total mortality nor mortality due to SDS was influenced by dietary reserpine. Key words: Reserpine, sudden death syndrome, broilers, roasters, growth, feed:gain

scholarly journals Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats: Effects on body weight and histological characteristics of thyroid gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Cakic-Milosevic ◽  
Aleksandra Korac ◽  
Vukosava Davidovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Growth Activation ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of methimazole treatment on the body weight and thyroid gland structure in rats. Methimazole given as 0.02% solution in drinking water for three weeks induced significant decline in T4 and T3 levels, as determined by radioimmunoassay. The body weight gain was lowered compared to control animals, while thyroid weight was increased. Histological examination of the thyroid gland revealed a pronounced growth activation of the follicular epithelial component with frequent mitoses, accompanied with improved vascularisation. We assumed that the lower body weight gain despite decreased basal metabolic rate and similar food ingestion can be a result of brown adipose tissue activity.

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