scholarly journals Protective effects of Salidroside on cardiac function in mice with myocardial infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengsheng Chen ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Hongyun Ruan ◽  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Post Surgery

AbstractSalidroside (SAL) is the major ingredient of Rhodiola rosea, and has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for decades. Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of SAL for myocardial ischemia. However, it is yet to be deciphered whether SAL has cardioprotective effects after myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. In the present study, we established a mouse MI model via coronary artery ligation. The aim was to investigate whether SAL treatment could reduce mortality, improve cardiac function and attenuate myocardial remodeling in MI mice. Post-surgery, mice were randomly administered SAL or normal saline. After 21 days, SAL was found to significantly reduce mortality, improve cardiac function, reduce fibrosis and infarct size compared to normal saline. In addition, oral administration of SAL could attenuate myocardial inflammation and apoptosis and promote angiogenesis. SAL down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, Bax and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, VEGF, Akt and eNOS. These results indicated that SAL could alleviate the pathological processes of myocardial remodeling in MI mice, and may be a potentially effective therapeutic approach for the management of clinical ischemic cardiovascular diseases.

Effects of carbon nanotube-mediated Caspase3 gene silencing on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac function during early acute myocardial infarction

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (42) ◽  
pp. 21599-21604
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Yuting Zhu ◽  
Rui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Sd Rats

Caspase3 gene silencing based on the gene transfer carrier F-CNT-siCas3 had obvious protective effects on myocardial cell apoptosis, ventricular remodeling, and cardiac function in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after coronary artery ligation.

scholarly journals Aucubin Protects against Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiac Remodeling via nNOS/NO-Regulated Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Qing-Qing Wu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Ming Xia Duan ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Nos Inhibitors

Whether aucubin could protect myocardial infarction- (MI-) induced cardiac remodeling is not clear. In this study, in a mouse model, cardiac remodeling was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation surgery. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with aucubin (10 mg/kg) 3 days post-MI. Two weeks post-MI, mice in the aucubin treatment group showed decreased mortality, decreased infarct size, and improved cardiac function. Aucubin also decreased cardiac remodeling post-MI. Consistently, aucubin protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxic injury in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that aucubin inhibited the ASK1/JNK signaling. These effects were abolished by the JNK activator. Moreover, we found that the oxidative stress was attenuated in both in vivo aucubin-treated mice heart and in vitro-treated cardiomyocytes, which caused decreased thioredoxin (Trx) consumption, leading to ASK1 forming the inactive complex with Trx. Aucubin increased nNOS-derived NO production in vivo and vitro. The protective effects of aucubin were reversed by the NOS inhibitors L-NAME and L-VINO in vitro. Furthermore, nNOS knockout mice also reversed the protective effects of aucubin on cardiac remodeling. Taken together, aucubin protects against cardiac remodeling post-MI through activation of the nNOS/NO pathway, which subsequently attenuates the ROS production, increases Trx preservation, and leads to inhibition of the ASK1/JNK pathway.

scholarly journals β1-Adrenergic receptors stimulate cardiac contractility and CaMKII activation in vivo and enhance cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. H1377-H1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
ByungSu Yoo ◽  
Anthony Lemaire ◽  
Supachoke Mangmool ◽  
Matthew J. Wolf ◽  
Antonio Curcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Cardiac Inotropy ◽  
Significant Attenuation

The β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling system is one of the most powerful regulators of cardiac function and a key regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. We investigated the role of βAR stimulation in augmenting cardiac function and its role in the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) using various βAR knockouts (KO) including β1ARKO, β2ARKO, and β1/β2AR double-KO (DKO) mice. We employed a murine model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to examine the differential contributions of specific βAR subtypes in the activation of CaMKII in vivo in failing myocardium. Cardiac inotropy, chronotropy, and CaMKII activity following short-term isoproterenol stimulation were significantly attenuated in β1ARKO and DKO compared with either the β2ARKO or wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that β1ARs are required for catecholamine-induced increases in contractility and CaMKII activity. Eight weeks after myocardial infarction (MI), β1ARKO and DKO mice showed a significant attenuation in fractional shortening compared with either the β2ARKO or WT mice. CaMKII activity after MI was significantly increased only in the β2ARKO and WT hearts and not in the β1ARKO and DKO hearts. The border zone of the infarct in the β2ARKO and WT hearts demonstrated significantly increased apoptosis by TUNEL staining compared with the β1ARKO and DKO hearts. Taken together, these data show that cardiac function and CaMKII activity are mediated almost exclusively by the β1AR. Moreover, it appears that β1AR signaling is detrimental to cardiac function following MI, possibly through activation of CaMKII.

Abstract 365: Targeted Delivery of IGF-1 Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffay S Khan ◽  
Jay C Sy ◽  
Milton Brown ◽  
Mario D Martinez ◽  
Niren Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

During acute myocardial infarction (MI) there is excessive necrosis of myocardial cells, leading to the release of large amounts of DNA, representing a potential target for drug delivery. Hoechst, a commonly used molecule for staining nuclei, binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA and can be functionalized to contain reactive groups such as free amines, sulfhydryls, and biotin moieties. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a small molecule with a short half-life is protective immediately following MI, though there is potential for long-term toxicity and off-target effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that conjugating IGF-1 to Hoechst would increase targeting of IGF-1 to the injured myocardium. Hoechst-IGF1 (H-IGF1) was synthesized by binding Hoechst-biotin to biotinylated IGF-1 via a fluorescent streptavidin linker. Intact cells did not show nuclear staining with H-IGF1, while permeabilized cells had a significant increase in blue fluorescent Hoechst staining, indicating H-IGF1 was cell impermeable but could still bind DNA. Activity of H-IGF1 was demonstrated by Akt phosphorylation in cultured cardiac progenitor cells and was similar to native IGF-1. To determine in-vivo targeting of H-IGF1 to MI, mice underwent 30 minutes of coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion (I/R). Six hours following MI, mice were injected intravenously with 70ng of H-IGF1, S-IGF1 (streptavidin bound IGF-1 only) or PBS followed by in vivo imaging at 30 and 120 minutes post-injection. At 30 minutes post-injection, we found 3.2% (2.2 of 70ng) of the injected dose of H-IGF1 in infarcted hearts compared with 1.8% (1.3 of 70ng) of S-IGF1 (n=5-7; p<0.05). To confirm that targeting of H-IGF1 was dependent on binding DNA, H-IGF1 pre-bound to double-stranded DNA was injected intravenously after I/R. This led to a significant (p<0.05) decrease in targeted IGF-1 levels. IGF-1 levels determined by ELISA 2 hours post-injection demonstrated a similar trend with increased targeting of H-IGF1 compared with S-IGF1 treated mice (4.2±0.6 ng vs. 2.4±0.2 ng; p<0.05). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that intravenous delivery of Hoechst-conjugated IGF-1 increases myocardial targeting. This provides a novel strategy for delivery of growth factors for the treatment of MI.

scholarly journals Nitroxides Mitigate Neutrophil-Mediated Damage to the Myocardium after Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7650
Author(s):  
Mary El Kazzi ◽  
Han Shi ◽  
Sally Vuong ◽  
Xiaosuo Wang ◽  
Belal Chami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Experimental Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxidant Production

Reperfusion therapy increases survival post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) while also stimulating secondary oxidant production and immune cell infiltration. Neutrophils accumulate within infarcted myocardium within 24 h post-AMI and release myeloperoxidase (MPO) that catalyses hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production while increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby enhancing ventricular remodelling. Nitroxides inhibit MPO-mediated HOCl production, potentially ameliorating neutrophil-mediated damage. Aim: Assess the cardioprotective ability of nitroxide 4-methoxyTEMPO (4MetT) within the setting of AMI. Methods: Male Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups: SHAM, AMI/R, and AMI/R + 4MetT (15 mg/kg at surgery via oral gavage) and subjected to left descending coronary artery ligation for 30 min to generate an AMI, followed by reperfusion. One cohort of rats were sacrificed at 24 h post-reperfusion and another 28 days post-surgery (with 4MetT (15 mg/kg) administration twice daily). Results: 3-chlorotyrosine, a HOCl-specific damage marker, decreased within the heart of animals in the AMI/R + 4-MetT group 24 h post-AMI, indicating the drug inhibited MPO activity; however, there was no evident difference in either infarct size or myocardial scar size between the groups. Concurrently, MPO, NfκB, TNFα, and the oxidation marker malondialdehyde increased within the hearts, with 4-MetT only demonstrating a trend in decreasing MPO and TNF levels. Notably, 4MetT provided a significant improvement in cardiac function 28 days post-AMI, as assessed by echocardiography, indicating potential for 4-MetT as a treatment option, although the precise mechanism of action of the compound remains unclear.

Abstract 18592: Anti-arrhythmic Effect of a Novel Rycal, S44121 / Arm036, in a Post-myocardial Infarction Mouse Model of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Thireau ◽  
Charlotte Farah ◽  
Muriel Bouly ◽  
Jerome Roussel ◽  
Alain Lacampagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Post Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation

Introduction: Targeting leaky cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) to prevent diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a promising pharmacological approach, to rescue the impaired cardiac contraction and prevent Ca2+-dependent arrhythmias in heart failure (HF) and disease. Hypothesis: Based on prior work from the Marks group, the Rycal S44121 (also known as ARM036) is an experimental small molecule stabilizer of RyR. We investigated the effects of S44121 in a post-myocardial infarction (PMI) mouse model of HF. Methods and results: Mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Sham, PMI (subjected to left coronary artery ligation), and PMI-S (treated for 3 weeks with S44121 by subcutaneous osmotic pumps on day 7 post-MI, 10 mg/kg/day). Intracellular Ca2+ was measured on single left ventricular myocytes. PMI mice exhibited a 4-fold increase in the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ release events, Ca2+ sparks, as measured in quiescent cells using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4. PMI mice also exhibited higher global diastolic Ca2+, measured with the ratiometric fluorescent probe, Indo-1 AM, and increased the occurrence of ectopic diastolic Ca2+ waves. Acute application of S44121 (10 μM for 15 min) reduced Ca2+ sparks frequency. Chronic treatment of mice with S44121 also normalized the frequency of Ca2+ sparks and of ectopic Ca2+ waves, and corrected diastolic cellular Ca2+ overload. Effects were maximal at 20 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, treatment with S44121 abolished Ca2+ waves promoted by β-adrenergic challenge (acute application of isoproterenol, 10 nM). The potential anti-arrhythmic benefit of S44121 was assessed in vivo using telemetric surface electrocardiograms. S44121 had no effect on ECG intervals and did not alter the heart rate. However, anti-arrhythmic effects were confirmed by observation of a dose-dependent reduction of spontaneous ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia. Near maximum benefits were observed at 10 mg/kg/day, both in basal conditions or following a challenge with acute treatment of isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg, dosed ip). Conclusion: In mice with post-ischemic HF, treatment with S44121 prevented the abnormal diastolic SR Ca2+ leak and ectopic Ca2+ waves, and reduced ventricular arrhythmias.

Abstract 15058: Disruption of Extracellular Cytotoxic Chromatin by Acute DNase1 Administration Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Vogel ◽  
Hisahito Shinagawa ◽  
Ullrich Hofmann ◽  
Georg Ertl ◽  
Stefan Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
High Concentrations

Rationale: Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to necrosis of multinucleated and polyploid myocytes. This causes uncontrolled release of cellular content like chromatin to the infarct area. Chromatin is mainly comprised of histones which are essential for controlling and packing of DNA but paradoxically are also known to be cytotoxic. This makes free chromatin a toxic DNA polymer creating local high concentrations of hazardous histones. Objective: We hypothesized that chromatin from necrotic cells accumulates in ischemic myocardium, creates local high concentrations of cytotoxic histones, and thereby potentiates ischemic damage to the heart after MI. The endonuclease DNase1 is capable of dispersing extracellular chromatin through linker DNA digestion and could decrease local histone concentrations and cytotoxicity. Methods and Results: After permanent coronary artery ligation in mice we found extracellular histones accumulated within the infarcted myocardium. Histone cytotoxicity towards isolated myocytes was confirmed in vitro. To reduce histone related cytotoxicity in vivo DNase1 was injected within the first 6 hours after induction of MI. DNase1 accumulated in the infarcted region of the heart, effectively disrupted extracellular cytotoxic chromatin and thereby reduced high local histone concentration. Animals acutely treated with DNase1 revealed significantly improved left ventricular remodeling as measured by serial echocardiography up to 28 days after MI (e.g. NaCl vs DNase1, papillary end diastolic area [mm 2 ]: 23.26 ± 2.06 vs 18.90 ± 1.24, n=9 vs 10, p<0,05). Treatment did not influence mortality, infarct size or inflammatory parameters as determined by neutrophil infiltration and RTQ-PCR analysis of characteristic cytokines. However improved myocyte survival was discovered within the infarct region which might account for the protective effects in DNase1 treated animals (NaCl vs DNase1: 3.0 ± 0.7% vs 8.3 ± 2.3%; p<0.05; n=7 vs 8). Conclusions: Targeting extracellular cytotoxic chromatin within the infarcted heart by DNase1 is a promising approach to preserve myocytes from histone induced cell death and to conserve left ventricular function after MI. The efficacy of other chromatin degrading agents is now under investigation.

Abstract P274: Cardiac-Specific Knockout of Capn4 Attenuates Myocardial Remodeling and Improves Function After Myocardial Infarction in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ma ◽  
Meng Wei ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Cardiac Apoptosis ◽  
Myocardial Remodelling ◽  
Calpain 2 ◽  
Specific Deletion

Background - Calpain has been implicated in myocardial injury after myocardial infarction (MI). However, no direct evidence is available on the role of calpain in post-MI myocardial remodelling and dysfunction. The present study investigated the effects of cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Capn4 , essential for calpain-1 and calpain-2 activities on myocardial remodelling and dysfunction following MI. Methods and Results - A novel mouse model with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Capn4 ( Capn4-ko ) was generated. MI was induced by left coronary artery ligation. Deficiency of Capn4 significantly reduced the protein levels and activities of calpain-1 and calpain-2 in the Capn4-ko heart. In vivo cardiac function was relatively improved in Capn4-ko mice at 7 and 30 days after MI compared with their wild-type littermates. Deletion of Capn4 reduced cardiac apoptosis, limited infarct expansion and infarct zone thinning, and prevented left ventricle dilation in Capn4-ko mice. Furthermore, myocardial collagen deposition and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas were significantly attenuated in Capn4-ko mice, which were accompanied by down-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes and hypertrophic genes. These effects of Capn4 knockout correlated with down-regulation of inflammatory mediators and normalization of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity in the non-infarct area of Capn4-ko mice after MI. In vivo mouse model of endotoxemia confirmed that calpain activation resulted in inflammatory gene expression and MMP-9 activity in the heart. Conclusions - Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of calpain attenuates myocardial adverse remodelling and improves myocardial function after MI. These beneficial effects of calpain disruption may result from inhibition of cardiac apoptosis, inflammation and MMP-9 activity.

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