scholarly journals Diaphragmatic dysfunction associates with dyspnoea, fatigue, and hiccup in haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qing Yin ◽  
Ying-yan Wang ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Yuchen Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Diaphragmatic Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diaphragm Dysfunction ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Diaphragmatic Function

AbstractMuscle wasting is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially in the haemodialysis (HD) population. Nevertheless, little is known regarding diaphragm dysfunction in HD patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University, involving 103 HD patients and 103 healthy volunteers as normal control. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate diaphragmatic function, including diaphragm thickness and excursion during quiet and deep breathing. HD patients showed lower end-inspiration thickness of the diaphragm at total lung capacity (0.386 ± 0.144 cm vs. 0.439 ± 0.134 cm, p < 0.01) and thickening fraction (TF) (0.838 ± 0.618 vs. 1.127 ± 0.757; p < 0.01) compared to controls. The velocity and excursion of the diaphragm were significantly lower in the HD patients during deep breathing (3.686 ± 1.567 cm/s vs. 4.410 ± 1.720 cm/s, p < 0.01; 5.290 ± 2.048 cm vs. 7.232 ± 2.365 cm; p < 0.05). Changes in diaphragm displacement from quiet breathing to deep breathing (△m) were lower in HD patients than in controls (2.608 ± 1.630 vs. 4.628 ± 2.110 cm; p < 0.01). After multivariate adjustment, diaphragmatic excursion during deep breathing was associated with haemoglobin level (regression coefficient = 0.022; p < 0.01). We also found that the incidence of dyspnoea and hiccup and the fatigue scores, all of which were related to diaphragmatic dysfunction, were significantly higher in HD patients than in controls (all p < 0.01). Improving diaphragm function through targeted therapies may positively impact clinical outcomes in HD patients.

scholarly journals Association Between Cervical Length at 18-23 Weeks of Gestation and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Trupti Ruge ◽  
Trupti Ruge ◽  
Emanuel Gracias
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

Introduction: Preterm birth is childbirth occurring at less than 37 completed weeks or 259 days of gestation, is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and has long-term adverse consequences for health. Identifying ways to address preventable causes of preterm birth should be a top priority in developing regions of the world. the present study was planned to find the association between cervical length at 18 to 23 weeks of gestation done as a routine during all second level scans and spontaneous preterm delivery. Patients and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 205 women presenting with singleton pregnancies between 18- 23 weeks of gestations were assessed by transvaginal ultrasound for the measurement of cervical length. Patients were interviewed and their demographic data such as age, obstetric index(GPALD), obstetric history such last menstrual period (LMP), estimated delivery date (EDD) and current pregnancy details such as BP, pulse rate, pallor, period of gestation, were recorded in a predesigned pro forma. Results: In a total of 205 subjects, the average age was found to be 23.26 ± 3.49 years with 52.2% of the women being primigravida. The mean gestation age at the time of enrollment was 20.72 ± 1.00 weeks with 33% of women showing a cervical length of 26-30 mm. The delivery outcome was found as 11% preterm, majority (89.27%) was term delivery. Conclusion: The present study showed that a significantly higher number of women with cervical length ≤ 30 mm (assessed at 18 to 23 weeks of gestation) had preterm labour compared to a woman with cervical length > 30 mm.

scholarly journals A Study on Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV attending ART Centers in TamilNadu- A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7078-7082
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasanth B ◽  
Mahalakshmi K ◽  
Kalpana S ◽  
Anantha Eashwar V M
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Study Participants

People suffering from immunosuppressive conditions like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are more prone to suffer from non-communicable diseases like hypertension, which is not identified and treated at an earlier stage, can lead to significant mortality and morbidity in them. The study design was a cross-sectional study done in select Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centers in Government hospitals in Tamil Nadu during a period from 2017-2018. Data regarding their HIV status, treatment history and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded and Blood Pressure (BP) was recorded by using mercury sphygmomanometer using standard guidelines. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software. The study population comprised of 75% males and 25% females. Mean age of study participants was 45+8.2 years and the mean BMI was 22+3.4. The prevalence of hypertension among HIV affected individuals was found to be 14.63%. According to JNC criteria, 34% were having Stage 1 hypertension and 33% had Stage 2 hypertension and only 23% were on treatment. Significant association was found between increasing age, gender, BMI and hypertension. Health education and awareness creation has to be created among HIV patients on maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle so that, obesity can be prevented or reduced which could play an important role in NCD’s like hypertension and also hypertensive patients have to be identified and treated at early stage to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study on Out of Pocket Expenditures Among Cardiovascular Disease Affected Household in Khartoum State 2019.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roaa A. Mohamed ◽  
Osama Elkhidir
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditures ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases is escalating rapidly, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Sudan, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is 2.5. The financial hardship of CVDs is devastating on both patients and households. The aim of this study is to estimate the out of pocket expenditures (OOP), quantify the catastrophic health expenditures (CHE), and identify the coping methods and costs among cardiovascular diseases affected households in Khartoum state.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that took place in three main CVDs hospitals (n=122, response rate=88%). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the OOP expenditures, the incidence and intensity of CHE and coping methods. Inferential statistics were used to assess factors associated with CHE incidence.Results: The annual out of pocket expenditures were found to be 2026INT$, distributed mainly between outpatients’ visits cost and inpatients care cost. The incidence of CHE was found to be 70% at the 10% threshold, the lower-income quartiles suffered the greatest incidence and intensity. The income, number of inpatients visits and certain diagnoses were found to increase the odds of incurring CHE. In order to cope with the disease expenses households resorted to borrowing, selling assets, and nearly half of the participants sacrificed basic needs. Conclusion: The findings of this study gives evidence that the high OOP expenditures associated with seeking CVDs treatment in Khartoum state puts households at great financial hardship and forces them to consume great amount of their income to pay for these expenses. This paper is calling for polices that protects families from the impact of such expenditures.

scholarly journals VIT D DEFICIENCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1064-1067
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Gaffar Memon ◽  
Bagwan Das ◽  
Pushpa Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Mild Deficiency ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Body Ache

Objectives: To determine the outcome of vitamin deficiency in local populationof (Hyderabad), come with complaints of vague symptoms of body ache, bony pain with noco morbidity. Study design: cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: OutpatientDepartment of Liquat University Medical Science, Hyderabad. Period: 6-2-2013 to 6-2-2015.Methodology: This is observational cross sectional study conducted at out patient’s department(LUMHS) city Hyderabad from 6-2-13 to 6-2-2015. Preliminary data was collected with the helpof self-administered questionnaires which include patient’s history and examination and bloodsample is taken for assessing level of dehydrocholecalciferol with serum calcium and routinetest. Data entered in spss 20 version, analytical software were applied for results in this study.Result: This study is conducted in 300 pts, among these 60% female and 36.7% male and 3.3%missing. Patients selected through (OPD) with consent and preformed proforma. Vitamin ddeficiency found nearly 96%in all the patient from young age to old age 4% were missing, lessthan 10 level found in 24.7%(severe deficiency), 10-20 level seen 54.7%(moderate deficiency)and 20-30 found in 14.7% (mild deficiency). Conclusion: my results shows that ( vitaminD-deficiency) is big dilemma in our community, give rise mild, moderate and severe decreasedlevel which leads complication which causing rickets in children and osteomalcia in adults,increase mortality and morbidity in local population.

scholarly journals Abdominal Traumatic Injuries Patterns in Military Casualties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Khoshmohabat ◽  
Sohrab Nosrati ◽  
Hamid Reza Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bladder Injury ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trauma Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Traumatic Injuries

Abstract Introduction: Mortality and morbidity after abdominal trauma are important problems in military casualties. This study aimed to assess the patterns of abdominal traumatic injuries in military personals.Methods: The cross-sectional study assessed the data of 111 cases. All military casualties that referred at hospital from May 2014 to June 2017 were included. The morbidity and mortality rate of patients was analyzed by SPSS-20 software.Results: The most common damaged organ was the small intestine (43 cases of small bowel repair with AIS = 2) while the most severely damaged organ was the Spleen (4 cases of AIS = 6). The most damaged organ was the small intestine with ICD10 =S36.4 (64 cases) and the few damaged organ was bladder injury with ICD10 = S37.2 (8 cases). There was a statistically significant relationship between the trauma mechanism, injuries accompanying the abdominal trauma, and the final outcomes of the patients (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the most damages were associated with the small intestine in the umbilical region and most treatments were delivered as laparotomy surgery.

scholarly journals Little Hearts Are Affected by COVID19: Importance of the Myocardial Systolic Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setareh Mamishi ◽  
Aliakbar Zeinaloo ◽  
Elmira Haji Esmaeil Memar ◽  
Mahmoud Khodabandeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mirzaaghayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Myocardial Involvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background: Identifying the cardiac changes could help design measures to recover the cardiovascular system and lessen the mortality and morbidity rate. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the echocardiography indices which are indicators of the cardiac alterations of the children with COVID19 infection.Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional study evaluating echocardiography indices in children infected with COVID19. Fifteen children, known cases of the COVID19, and 14 healthy children were enrolled. Evaluated parameters include left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVED), mitral valve Sa (MV Sa), Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and laboratory parameters.Results: The participants' mean age and weight were 62.8 (±48.0) months and 19.95 (±15.67) kg, respectively. None of the laboratory and echocardiography parameters differed between males and females, between patients with and without positive past medical history, between the patients with and without respiratory tract symptoms, and between patients with and without GI tract symptoms (P.0.05). Patients had significantly higher TAPSE (p = 0.027), although MV Sa (p = 0.01) was significantly higher among healthy children. LV EF (p = 0.425) and LVED diameter (p = 0.603) were not different significantly. None of the patients had pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and cardiac tamponade.Conclusion: The heart can be involved during the disease course in children, even at the level of echocardiography indices. This could contribute to a worse prognosis, higher morbidity, and mortality rate, especially in patients with overt myocardial involvement. Non-classic indicators, including LVEF, may not be conclusive for cardiac involvement in non-symptomatic patients.

scholarly journals Exploring factors associated with pain in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cross‐sectional study from Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha K. Marzouq ◽  
Aseel F. Samoudi ◽  
Ahmad Samara ◽  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud ◽  
Samah W. Al-Jabi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rising medical concern around the world. End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the last stage of CKD stages that necessitates renal replacement therapy (RRT), such as hemodialysis (HD), which seems to be the most commonly used type. However, patients on HD still suffer from high mortality and morbidity rates compared to those who receive a kidney transplant. Therefore, we aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of pain among ESKD patients on HD, as well as to explore the factors that were associated with this complaint. Methods We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in the West Bank, Palestine, between August and November 2018. We used questionnaire-based direct interviews with subjects. After reviewing previous studies in the field, we developed our questionnaire and included items on patients’ social, demographic, and clinical characteristics, including dialysis-related data. It also contained the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) to assess different aspects of pain symptoms. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. Results Of the 300 participants, 66.3 % reported having chronic pain. HD sessions themselves were the most commonly cited cause for pain (21.6 %). The most commonly cited site of pain was the upper and lower limbs (37.3 %). Paracetamol was the most frequently used pharmacotherapy for pain alleviation. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI (p = 0.018), gender (p = 0.023), and the number of comorbidities (p < 0.001) were independently associated with pain severity score. Conclusions Pain is a highly prevalent symptom among HD patients in Palestine. Subpopulations with higher pain severity include females, patients with higher BMI, and those with multiple comorbidities. Healthcare providers should routinely assess pain in HD patients as it is considered a significant concern. This would involve pain assessment and development of a treatment plan to improve clinical outcomes. The nephrology associations should also push for pain management in HD patients as a clinical and research priority to improve pain-related disability.

scholarly journals Identifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility and diaphragm thickening in interstitial lung disease: the utility of ultrasound imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliane Vieira Santana ◽  
Elena Prina ◽  
André Luis Pereira Albuquerque ◽  
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Diaphragm Thickness ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Diaphragmatic Dysfunction ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Objective: To investigate the applicability of ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: Using ultrasound, we compared ILD patients and healthy volunteers (controls) in terms of diaphragmatic mobility during quiet and deep breathing; diaphragm thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC) and at total lung capacity (TLC); and the thickening fraction (TF, proportional diaphragm thickening from FRC to TLC). We also evaluated correlations between diaphragmatic dysfunction and lung function variables. Results: Between the ILD patients (n = 40) and the controls (n = 16), mean diaphragmatic mobility was comparable during quiet breathing, although it was significantly lower in the patients during deep breathing (4.5 ± 1.7 cm vs. 7.6 ± 1.4 cm; p < 0.01). The patients showed greater diaphragm thickness at FRC (p = 0.05), although, due to lower diaphragm thickness at TLC, they also showed a lower TF (p < 0.01). The FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%) correlated with diaphragmatic mobility (r = 0.73; p < 0.01), and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% presented high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (81%) for indentifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility. Conclusions: Using ultrasound, we were able to show that diaphragmatic mobility and the TF were lower in ILD patients than in healthy controls, despite the greater diaphragm thickness at FRC in the former. Diaphragmatic mobility correlated with ILD functional severity, and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% was found to be highly accurate for indentifying diaphragmatic dysfunction on ultrasound.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to find incidence of clinically detectable congenital malformations and factors affecting it in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2364
Author(s):  
Vikram V. Yaragatti ◽  
Shivanagouda .
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Difficult Challenge

Background: Congenital malformations are emerging as an important perinatal problem, contributing sizably to the perinatal mortality with considerable repercussions on the mothers and the families. Patients with multiple congenital anomalies present a relatively infrequent but tremendously difficult challenge to the pediatrician. Authors objective was to study the incidence of clinically detectable congenital malformations among consecutive births in hospital deliveries examined during hospital stay.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics at Dr R N Cooper Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai from June 2016 to June 2017. All live births from June 2016 to June 2017 were considered in the studyResults: The total number of deliveries in our hospital were 3120(100%) and the total number of babies with congenital anomaly were 43(1.4%), So the incidence of congenital anomalies amongst study population was 1.4%. The involvement of various systems was seen in our study. The involvement of CNS (9.3%), Eye (7%), ENT (28%), GIT (20.9%), Urinary Tract (2.3%), Musculoskeletal System (35%), Gentialia (7%), CVS (7%).Conclusions: Congenital malformation, one of the important causes of infant mortality and morbidity can be reduced by proper preconception care and level two anomaly scan. Congenital anomalies must be identified, as early diagnosis and surgical correction of malformed babies offer the best chance for survival.

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