scholarly journals Calprotectin, a new biomarker for diagnosis of acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Havelka ◽  
Kristina Sejersen ◽  
Per Venge ◽  
Karlis Pauksens ◽  
Anders Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Streptococcal Tonsillitis ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractRespiratory tract infections require early diagnosis and adequate treatment. With the antibiotic overuse and increment in antibiotic resistance there is an increased need to accurately distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. We investigated the diagnostic performance of calprotectin in respiratory tract infections and compared it with the performance of heparin binding protein (HBP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Biomarkers were analyzed in patients with viral respiratory infections and patients with bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia and streptococcal tonsillitis (n = 135). Results were compared with values obtained from 144 healthy controls. All biomarkers were elevated in bacterial and viral infections compared to healthy controls. Calprotectin was significantly increased in patients with bacterial infections; bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia and streptococcal tonsillitis compared with viral infections. PCT was significantly elevated in patients with bacterial pneumonia compared to viral infections but not in streptococcal tonsillitis or mycoplasma caused infections. HBP was not able to distinguish between bacterial and viral causes of infections. The overall clinical performance of calprotectin in the distinction between bacterial and viral respiratory infections, including mycoplasma was greater than performance of PCT and HBP. Rapid determination of calprotectin may improve the management of respiratory tract infections and allow more precise diagnosis and selective use of antibiotics.

Wheezing Associated With Respiratory Tract Infections In Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine L. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

This paper reviews the known relation ships of common acute bacterial and viral respiratory infections to the asth matic state and to wheezing attacks in children. Implications for treatment are discussed in view of what has already been learned and what we need to know.

scholarly journals Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Chiara Taylor ◽  
Shin Tan ◽  
Rebecca McClaughry ◽  
Don Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Viral Respiratory

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Hospital-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal patients. This includes escalation of respiratory support, increased length of hospital stay, and need for home oxygen, as well as higher healthcare costs. To date, no studies have compared population rates of VRTIs across age groups. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> Quantify the rates of hospital-acquired VRTIs in our neonatal population compared with other inpatient age groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared all hospital inpatient PCR-positive viral respiratory samples between 2007 and 2013 and calculated age-stratified rates based on population estimates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a population of 4,707,217, we identified a previously unrecognised burden of VRTI in neonatal patients, only second to the 0–1-year-old group. Although only accounting for 1.3% of the population, half of the infections were in infants &#x3c;1 year old and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Human rhinovirus was the most dominant virus across the inpatient group, particularly in neonatal patients. Despite a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of positive samples in all groups during the colder months (1.1/1,000 October–March vs. 0.4/1,000 April–September), rates in the NICU did not change throughout the year at 4.3/1,000. Pandemic H1N1 influenza rates were 20 times higher in neonatal patients and infants &#x3c;1 year old. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Good epidemiological and interventional data are needed to help inform visiting and infection control policies to reduce transmission of hospital-acquired viral infections to this vulnerable population, particularly during pandemic seasons.

scholarly journals The prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Adrian Jarzynski ◽  
Agata Dubas ◽  
Malgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Viruses that cause respiratory tract infections are the most common agents of infectious diseases in humans throughout the world. A virus that infects the respiratory system, may induce various clinical symptoms. What is more, the same symptoms may be caused by different viruses. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province. The experimental material was throat and nose swabs taken from patients hospitalized in Lublin and Tomaszow Lubelski. In the group of 44 patients (20 women and 24 men) infected with influenza A/H1N1, the genetic material of enteroviruses was detected in 13 patients (29.5%). Respiratory viruses co-infections are very common in hospitalized patients. Studies show that co-infection with influenza virus and enterovirus are more common in children than in adults. Moreover, viral respiratory tract infections are independent from the patients’ gender.

Antibiotic therapy of acute upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Paź ◽  
Magdalena Arimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

An estimated 50% of antibiotic prescriptions may be unjustified in the outpatient setting. Viruses are responsible for most acute respiratory tract infections. The viral infections are often self-limiting and only symptomatic treatment remains effective. Bacteria are involved in a small percentage of infections etiology in this area. In the case of a justified or documented suspicion of a bacterial infection, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Based on the Polish „Recommendations for the management of non-hospital respiratory infections 2016”, the indications, the rules of choice, the appropriate dosing schedules and the therapy duration, in the most frequent upper respiratory tract infections in adults, have been presented. Implementation of the presented recommendations regarding our Polish epidemiological situation, will significantly reduce the tendency to abuse antibiotics, and thus will limit the spread of drug-resistant microorganisms.

scholarly journals Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pertussis or viral lower respiratory tract infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 823-830
Author(s):  
Suna Selbuz ◽  
Ergin Çiftçi ◽  
Halil Özdemir ◽  
Haluk Güriz ◽  
Erdal İnce
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Whooping cough-like respiratory tract infections (WCLRTI) caused by factors other than the Bordetella pertussis are available. Clinical picture is difficult to differentiate between the B. pertussis and viral respiratory infections. Methodology: Eighty-five patients with the diagnosis of WCLRTI were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 involved patients with pertussis shown by nasopharyngeal aspirate culture (NAC) and/or PCR. Group 2 consisted of patients who B. pertussis was not detected by NAC however, clinicians still evaluated them as potential patients of pertussis. Group 3 involved patients with the diagnosis of WCLRTI and those with VRTI detected by antigen detection/PCR. Results: Patients with pertussis had longer duration of the symptoms prior to admission. Paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting after coughing, cyanosis, apnea, seizures and abdominal hernias were more common in patients with pertussis. Fever, wheezing, tachypnea, retraction, fine crackles and rhonchi were more common in Group 3. Chest radiographs of patients in Group 3 revealed more bronchopneumonic infiltration, increased aeration, and atelectasis. CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were significantly higher in Group 3. Of the patients 43.6% had no pertussis vaccination due to being < 2 months in age and 29.4% had 1 dose. Conclusions: Pertussis should be thought in differential diagnosis of children with complaints of episodes of paroxysmal cough, cough accompanied by gasping, vomiting after coughing; with leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and a normal chest X-ray. The majority of children with pertussis infection are those who have not had the opportunity for vaccination.

scholarly journals Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. CHEW ◽  
S. DORAISINGHAM ◽  
A. E. LING ◽  
G. KUMARASINGHE ◽  
B. W. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Viral Respiratory

To evaluate the seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in a tropical environment, a retrospective survey of laboratory virus isolation, serology and immunofluorescence microscopy in two large general hospitals in Singapore between September 1990 and September 1994 was carried out. Respiratory tract viral outbreaks, particularly among infants who required hospitalization, were found to be associated mainly with respiratory syncytial (RSV) infections (72%), influenza (11%) and parainfluenza viruses (11%). Consistent seasonal variations in viral infections were observed only with RSV (March–August) and influenza A virus (peaks in June, December–January). The RSV trends were associated with higher environmental temperature, lower relative humidity and higher maximal day-to-day temperature variation. Although the influenza A outbreaks were not associated with meteorological factors, influenza B isolates were positively associated with rainfall. These data support the existence of seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics.

scholarly journals 240. Reduction of antibiotic use in children admitted with viral respiratory tract infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S120-S120
Author(s):  
Ankhi Dutta ◽  
Huay-Ying Lo ◽  
Amrita Singh ◽  
Samrah Mobeen ◽  
Kelli Kulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) accounts for a significant proportion of hospitalized children and contributes to a substantial use of health care resources and costs. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends against using antibiotics in uncomplicated viral respiratory infections in children. Overuse of antibiotics ranges between 29–80%. The goal of an Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) is to decrease antibiotic misuse, lower costs, and prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance in the community. Proportion of children with Viral respiratory tract infections on antibiotics Methods Our smart aim was to reduce antibiotic use by 25% in admitted children with VRTI between October 2019-March 2020. Our outcome measure was to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use during the 2019–20 season by 25%. Process measures included percentage of antibiotic used in viral RTI, antibiotic days of therapy and appropriate audit-feedback from the ASP team to facilitate discontinuation or de-escalation of antibiotics based on culture data. Our balance measure included readmission rates in patients in whom antibiotics were discontinued or de-escalated. Several PDSA cycles implemented with predominant emphasis on communication between ASP team and primary providers. Results No differences were noted in patient demographics including sex, age, ethnicity between the viral season in 2018–19 and 2019–2020. In our previous study in 2018–2019 RSV season, there was 40.7% antibiotic use in patients admitted with RSV bronchiolitis. In 2019–2020 season we included all patients admitted with viral RTI. Of the 213 patients evaluated between October 2019 through Dec 2020, 40% of the patients received antibiotics. 100% of the antibiotics were justified, based on independent review of antibiotic data by the team. Most common cause of antibiotics were community acquired pneumonia, rule out sepsis and otitis media. Antibiotic discontinuation and de-escalation were achieved in over 90% of the justified antibiotics. Conclusion Though antibiotic usage was still at 40% at our institution, 100% of antibiotic use was deemed appropriate and significant proportion were discontinued or deescalated by the ASP team. The ASP team played a crucial role in communicating with the primary providers to advocate for appropriate antibiotic use in the children. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory tract infections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING CHEN ◽  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ying Jia ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background: Respiratory viruses are the main pathogens of acute respiratory infections. Viral respiratory pathogens in children are well studied, but the study on adults are limited. So we design this subject to determine viral respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infections of adults. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study for the patients with acute respiratory infections from June, 2017 through July, 2018 at Fever Clinic in Peking University Third Hospital. We collected throat swab from the patients diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract infections and sputum or throat swab diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. RT-PCRs were performed to detect infection with the following virus: human rhinovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, human coronavirus 229E/HKU1，Coronavirus OC43/NL63、ADV, RSV, PIV1-4, hMPV and EV. Results：185 throat swabs and sputum were collected from outpatients. Overall, 23.8% (44/185) were found to be positive for at least one respiratory virus. The virus detection rate for AURTIs and CAP was 23.3% (14/60) and 24.0 % (30/125), respectively. The most prevalent viruses detected were IFVs (13.5%, 25/185), PIVs (3.24%, 6/185) and HRVs (2.70%, 5/185). In the Influenza Virus, the highest positive detection rate is 21.4%（6/28）in the group >60 years old, while 11.0%( 14/127) in the group <40 years old and 13.3% (4/30) (P<0.05). Conclusion: In one-year study, IFVs were the dominant pathogens both in acute upper respiratory tract infections and community-acquired pneumonia, followed by PIVs and HRVs. The patients in the group >60 years old had a higher rate of influenza infection

DETECTION OF RSV IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDER 5 YEARS OLD BY REALTIME RT-PCR AND CONVENTIONAL RT-PCR

2015 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Van An Le ◽  
Thi Bao Chi Le ◽  
Hai Duong Huynh ◽  
Chien Thang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Closed Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Objective: Application of realtime RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR for detection of RSV in viral respiratory infections. Methods: Realtime RT-PCR and conventional nested RT-PCR were used to detect RSV on 110 respiratory samples collected from children with viral lower respiratory infections. Results: The data from the patients, whose samples were collected, showed that lower respiratory tract infections included bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia and that the mean of patient age was below 2 year old, among which, the negative RSV group of patients was 1.9 ±1.7 and the positive RSV group was 1.6 ± 1.4 years of age. The mean of time period from the onset of infections to sample collection was from 3.3 to 3.4 days. Realtime RT-PCR produced the same results as that of conventional RT-PCR. Conclusion: Realtime RT-PCR is rapid and closed-tube procedure; it should be used for detection of RSV in acute respiratory infections. Keywords: RSV, realtime RT-PCR, conventional RT-PCR

Lower respiratory tract infections in patients with comorbidities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Leonid Dvoretsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Comorbidities are an important factor of the various infectious respiratory diseases emergence, complications development and prognosis. The most frequent comorbidities affecting the course and outcome of respiratory infections are the following: cardiovascular disease (heart failure, various types of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity. The paper reports data on the discussed comorbidities impact on the course and outcome of bacterial and viral respiratory infections, inter alia in patients with COVID-19.

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