scholarly journals Soil heavy metal contamination assessment in the Hun-Taizi River watershed, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Taizi River

Abstract The Hun-Taizi River watershed includes the main part of the Liaoning central urban agglomeration, which contains six cities with an 80-year industrial history. A total of 272 samples were collected from different land use areas within the study area to estimate the concentration levels, spatial distributions and potential sources of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) with a geographic information system (GIS), principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Only the concentration of Cd was over the national standard value (GB 15618–2018). However, the heavy metal concentrations at 24.54%, 71.43%, 63.37%, 85.71, 70.33%, 53.11%, and 72.16% of the sampling points were higher than the local soil background values for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively, which were used as standard values in this study. The maximal values of Cd (16.61 times higher than the background value) and Hg (12.18 times higher than the background value) had high concentrations, while Cd was present in the study area at higher values than in some other basins in China. Cd was the primary pollutant in the study area due to its concentration and potential ecological risk contribution. The results of the potential ecological risk index (RI) calculation showed that the overall heavy metal pollution level of the soil was considerably high. Three groups of heavy metals with similar distributions and sources were identified through PCA. The results of the CCA showed that the distribution of mines was the strongest factor affecting the distributions of Ni, As, Zn, Pb, and Cd. However, Cu was strongly influenced by the distance to the nearest river. These findings can provide scientific support for critical planning and strategies for soil pollution control and removal to support the sustainable development of the study area.

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in Urban Soil of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Xiu Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
Background Value

There are significant regional differences of the heavy metals contents in urban soils in China. The heavy metals contents in urban soils of the eastern, central and western regions are quite different, and the pollution of capital cities and prefecture-level cities are different. The study about spatial variability, time differences, pollution levels and environmental risks of heavy metals from China's urban soil show that the heavy metal contents in Chinese cities are over the soil background value in China, especially the contents of Cd and Pb , which were 91.37 times and 41.91 times to the Chinese soil background value. And the content of Ni l is only 1.59 times to the Chinese soil background value.There are also obvious differences among different functional areas the city. Meanwhile, the metal content of urban soils change with the length of time of urban development. Nemero comprehensive pollution index of China's urban soil heavy metal was 45.404, which is heavily polluted. The potential ecological risk index of China's urban soil heavy metal is 71.56, which is high potential ecological risk. Different levels of urban pollution with development degrees cause the different environmental risks.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

Study on Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediment from the Yangtze River (Chongqing Downtown Section) in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bing Ma ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Qin Zhai ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
National Monitoring

The potential ecological risk index,proposed by Hakanson, was employed for evaluating the heavy metal contamination of the Yangtze River sediment in Chongqing downtown section. Basing on the analysis of last fifteen years monitored data from two national monitoring sections, the results indicated that: The potential ecological risk of the Yangtze River Chongqing downtown section was classified as moderate. The sequence of potential ecological risk was Zn< Pb (As) < As (Pb) < Cu < Cd< Hg, while the concentration of heavy metal in the sediment was Zn> Cu >Pb> As > Cd > Hg. The concentrations of Cd and Cu had significant correlation, Hg should be taken into prior consideration for pollution control and reduction due to its highest potential ecological risk. The RI in 2005 was highest, Hg contributed the most. All the heavy metal except for Pb had distinctive variance, but the variance of RI was not significant annually, It might carried the connotation of little difference on Pb emission amount. According to the location of monitoring site factor variance analysis, it implied that only the potential ecological risk of As and Cd varied significantly.

scholarly journals Potential ecological risk assessment and prediction of soil heavy-metal pollution around coal gangue dump

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jiang ◽  
W. X. Lu ◽  
H. Q. Zhao ◽  
Q. C. Yang ◽  
Z. P. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal

Abstract. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential ecological risk and trend of soil heavy-metal pollution around a coal gangue dump in Jilin Province (Northeast China). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn were monitored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The potential ecological risk index method developed by Hakanson (1980) was employed to assess the potential risk of heavy-metal pollution. The potential ecological risk in the order of ER(Cd) > ER(Pb) > ER(Cu) > ER(Cr) > ER(Zn) have been obtained, which showed that Cd was the most important factor leading to risk. Based on the Cd pollution history, the cumulative acceleration and cumulative rate of Cd were estimated, then the fixed number of years exceeding the standard prediction model was established, which was used to predict the pollution trend of Cd under the accelerated accumulation mode and the uniform mode. Pearson correlation analysis and correspondence analysis are employed to identify the sources of heavy metals and the relationship between sampling points and variables. These findings provided some useful insights for making appropriate management strategies to prevent or decrease heavy-metal pollution around a coal gangue dump in the Yangcaogou coal mine and other similar areas elsewhere.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ecological Risk from Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of River Surma, Bangladesh: Coupled Approach of Monte Carlo Simulation and Multi-Component Statistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Arup Acharjee ◽  
Zia Ahmed ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Rafiul Alam ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Level

River sediment can be used to measure the pollution level in natural water, as it serves as one of the vital environmental indicators. This study aims to assess heavy metal pollution namely Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in Surma River. Further, it compares potential ecological risk index values using Hakanson Risk Index (RI) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach to evaluate the environmental risks caused by these heavy metals. in the study area. With obtained results, enrichment of individual heavy metals in the study area was found in the order of Ni > Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu > Zn. Also, variance in MCS index contributed by studied metals was in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. None of the heavy metals, except Ni, showed moderate contamination of the sediment. Risk index values from RI and MCS provide valuable insights in the contamination profile of the river, indicating the studied river is currently under low ecological risk for the studied heavy metals. This study can be utilized to assess the susceptibility of the river sediment to heavy metal pollution near an urban core, and to have a better understanding of the contamination profile of a river.

scholarly journals Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Around Iron Tailing Areas at Different Using Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Fengmin Song ◽  
Xingchang Zhang ◽  
Yanmin Wang ◽  
Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Local Soil

Heavy metal pollution was a dynamic changing process for a long period and on large spatial scale. The heavy metal content in tailing soil varied with time changing. The distribution and cumulative characteristics of heavy metals in different time and surrounding soil caused by ore dressing and smelting activities were different. The aim of this study was to assess the geochemical characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in soil around 2 iron tailing areas at different using status. Samples were collected around the 2 different iron tailing and sieved through nylon sieves. Metals were measured in digested solutions by a atomic emission spectrometer. The concentration of all heavy metals (Fe, Mn, V, Cu, Ni) in the soil around using M tailing area exceeded local soil background value; however, the content of all metals except Fe in soil around closed W tailing areas were lower than background value. BCR results showed that average exchangeable fraction of Mn in soil around W and M accounted for 11.87%, 11.78% of the total concentration, respectively; average exchangeable and reducible fractions of Ni accounted for 26.97% and 13.59%, respectively; average oxidizable fraction of Cu accounted for 18.6%, 31.63% in soil around W and M, respectively, which were higher than other metals; residual fraction of Fe, V accounted for more than 80% of the total concentration. The results indicate the soil was moderately contaminated by heavy metal around M and unpolluted around W. However, the risk assessment results performed that Mn showed moderate potential ecological risk and other metals showed low potential risk.

scholarly journals Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Li ◽  
Henglun Shen ◽  
Yongjun Zhao ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Changwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Concentrations

The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of Sources and Pollution Levels of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of the Shuanglong Reservoir, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zike Zhou ◽  
Yongping Wang ◽  
Haowei Teng ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Aiju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Levels

In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb) and Pb isotope in a sediment core from the Shuanglong reservoir, Southwestern China, were investigated. Based on the constant rate of supply (CRS) model, the age span of a 60 cm sediment sample was determined to range from the years 1944 to 2015. Combined with chronology and heavy metal content, the evolution of the sources and pollution levels of heavy metals showed a changing trend composed of various stages. The sources of heavy metals transitioned from natural origins in 1944–1964 to industrial origins in 1965–2004. The subsequent reduction in heavy metal content was mainly due to the vigorous implementation of environmental protection policies from 2005 to 2012. In recent years (2013–2015), the heavy metal content has increased due to frequent human activity. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysis indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As were derived from natural processes, Pb mainly came from automobile manufacturing, and Hg was mainly from industrial sources. The values of the geo-accumulation index (Ig), single pollution index (Pi), and single potential ecological risk index (Er) showed that the contamination of Hg and Pb was slight to moderate. Moreover, the values of the potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and Nemerow index (PN) indicated that the Shuanglong reservoir is under low ecological risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Chemical Forms

This study aimed to assess the pollution and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sewage sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in the most industrialized region of Poland (Silesian Voivodeship). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The chemical forms (chemical speciation) of heavy metals were determined using the three-step chemical sequential extraction procedure, developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). To assess the pollution level and potential ecological risk, the following indices were used: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ecological Risk Factor (ERF)—the author’s index. Sludge samples were collected at successive stages of processing. The results revealed that the activated sludge process and sludge thickening have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution, while anaerobic digestion and dehydration decrease their mobility. The most dominant metals in the sludge samples were Zn and Cu. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge did not exceed the permissible standards for agricultural purposes. The concentrations of heavy metals bound to the immobile fractions exhibited higher concentrations, compared to those bound to mobile fractions (except Zn). The values of the total indices indicated that sludge samples were moderately to highly contaminated with Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb, of which only Hg, Cd, and Cu posed a potential ecological risk, while according to the speciation indices, sludge samples were moderately to very highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, of which Zn, Ni, and Cd were environmentally hazardous. The obtained results proved that assessment of the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge requires knowledge on both their total concentrations and their chemical forms. Such an approach will help prevent secondary pollution of soils with heavy metals, which may influence the reduction of health risks associated with the consumption of plants characterized by a high metal content.

scholarly journals Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Sediment around the HTM Tailings Pond, Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7072
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Long ◽  
Xueru Zhang ◽  
Weining Shen ◽  
Zhongyi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tailings Pond ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Hun River ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Tailings ponds are a main heavy metal pollution source in mining areas. In this study, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI) are used to evaluate the environmental impact of Hongtou Mountain (HTM) tailings pond on the surrounding area. Farmland soil, surface water, and sediment samples in the Hun River around the HTM tailings pond were collected. Heavy metal contents in the samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show that Cu, Zn, and Cd content in the farmland soil and sediment around the lower reaches of the Hun River (HTM tailings pond section) are obviously higher than the upper reaches. The Igeo values show that the farmland soil near the outlet of the tailings pond is the most polluted area. Cu was classified as moderate–strongly pollution, Zn was moderately pollution, and Cd was strongly pollution. Cd is the major pollutant in farmland soil, the monomial ecological risk (Eri) for Cd is a very high potential ecological risk. The potential ecological risk of sediment in the dry season is more serious than in the raining season. In the dry season, the Igeo index shows strong pollution for Cu and Cd at the confluence of the Hun River and the tributary from the HTM tailings pond, and a moderate–strongly pollution for Zn. Whereas, the Eri index shows that the monomial ecological risk for Zn at H3 is low, and Cu is moderate. The potential ecological risk at H3 is high, and Cd is the main source of the ecological risk around the HTM tailings pond.

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