scholarly journals Author Correction: Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Grembi ◽  
Lan H. Nguyen ◽  
Thomas D. Haggerty ◽  
Christopher D. Gardner ◽  
Susan P. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

scholarly journals Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Grembi ◽  
Lan H Nguyen ◽  
Thomas D Haggerty ◽  
Christopher D Gardner ◽  
Susan P Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Discovery Cohort ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Carb Diet

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a complex global health challenge. Although both low-carbohydrate (low-carb) and low-fat diets can lead to weight loss, there is typically substantial variability in weight and related outcomes for both diet approaches among obese but otherwise healthy adults. Elucidating individual characteristics that might contribute to sustained weight loss is critical to developing effective dietary intervention strategies. We hypothesized that structural differences in the gut microbiota explained some portion of the weight loss variability among people randomized to either a low-carb or low-fat diet, possibly related to its effects on dietary compliance.ResultsOur study included two staggered cohorts of obese adults enrolled in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study - a randomized clinical trial of either a low-fat or low-carb diet. In the discovery cohort (n=66), 161 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced in addition to 157 samples collected after 10-weeks of dietary intervention. In the validation cohort (n = 56), 106 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced. Pre-diet taxonomic features, such as the Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, correlated to weight loss in the discovery cohort were not confirmed in the validation cohort. The most robust finding in the discovery cohort indicated that gut microbiota plasticity was linked to 12-month weight loss in a diet-dependent manner; subjects with higher sustained weight loss on a low-fat diet had higher pre-diet daily plasticity, whereas those most successful on the low-carb diet had greater microbiota plasticity over 10 weeks of dietary intervention. Unfortunately, because sample frequency and timing was quite different in the validation cohort, the relationship between plasticity and weight loss could not be studied in this group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the potential importance of gut microbiota plasticity in sustained weight loss. We highlight the importance of evaluating kinetic trends and in assessing reproducibility in studies of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Grembi ◽  
Lan H. Nguyen ◽  
Thomas D. Haggerty ◽  
Christopher D. Gardner ◽  
Susan P. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

scholarly journals Long-term dietary intervention reveals resilience of the gut microbiota despite changes in diet and weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela K Fragiadakis ◽  
Hannah C Wastyk ◽  
Jennifer L Robinson ◽  
Erica D Sonnenburg ◽  
Justin L Sonnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

Abstract Background With the rising rates of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, there is a growing need for effective long-term weight-loss strategies, coupled with an understanding of how they interface with human physiology. Interest is growing in the potential role of gut microbes as they pertain to responses to different weight-loss diets; however, the ways that diet, the gut microbiota, and long-term weight loss influence one another is not well understood. Objectives Our primary objective was to determine if baseline microbiota composition or diversity was associated with weight-loss success. A secondary objective was to track the longitudinal associations of changes to lower-carbohydrate or lower-fat diets and concomitant weight loss with the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Methods We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile microbiota composition over a 12-mo period in 49 participants as part of a larger randomized dietary intervention study of participants consuming either a healthy low-carbohydrate or a healthy low-fat diet. Results While baseline microbiota composition was not predictive of weight loss, each diet resulted in substantial changes in the microbiota 3-mo after the start of the intervention; some of these changes were diet specific (14 taxonomic changes specific to the healthy low-carbohydrate diet, 12 taxonomic changes specific to the healthy low-fat diet) and others tracked with weight loss (7 taxonomic changes in both diets). After these initial shifts, the microbiota returned near its original baseline state for the remainder of the intervention, despite participants maintaining their diet and weight loss for the entire study. Conclusions These results suggest a resilience to perturbation of the microbiota's starting profile. When considering the established contribution of obesity-associated microbiotas to weight gain in animal models, microbiota resilience may need to be overcome for long-term alterations to human physiology. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Sustained Weight Loss Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Fouladi ◽  
Amanda E. Brooks ◽  
Anthony A. Fodor ◽  
Ian M. Carroll ◽  
Emily C. Bulik-Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

scholarly journals Halo effect of a weight-loss trial on spouses: the DIRECT-Spouse study

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Golan ◽  
Dan Schwarzfuchs ◽  
Meir J Stampfer ◽  
Iris Shai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the halo effect of a 2-year weight-loss diet trial, the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT), on the weight and nutritional patterns of participants' spouses.DesignDIRECT participants in a research centre workplace were randomly assigned to one of three diets: Low-fat, Mediterranean or Low-carbohydrate. A sample of wives of the DIRECT participants, who attended support update meetings specific to their husband's diet during the first 6 months, were followed for 2 years.SettingSouth Israel.SubjectsSeventy-four women (mean age = 51 years, mean BMI =26·6 kg/m2).ResultsAmong the wives of husbands randomised to the Low-fat, Mediterranean and Low-carbohydrate diet, self-reported weight change was respectively −1·48 kg, −2·30 kg and −4·62 kg after 6 months, and +0·39 kg, −3·00 kg and −2·30 kg after 2 years. Weight loss among wives whose husbands were in the alternative diet groups combined (Mediterranean+Low-carbohydrate) was significantly greater than among wives whose husbands were in the Low-fat group after 6 months (P = 0·031) and 2 years (P = 0·034). Overweight wives experienced more weight loss. The weight change of couples was significantly correlated (r = 0·42, P < 0·001). Across all dietary groups, wives had significant improvement in their dietary patterns in all food groups according to their husbands' diets, mainly by a larger significant decrease in carbohydrate consumption in the Low-carbohydrate group (P = 0·013 compared to Low-fat). Six-month weight change among the seventy-four DIRECT participants whose wives took part in the group support sessions was −5·2 kg, compared to −3·5 kg among the 248 DIRECT participants whose wives did not take part in these sessions (P = 0·020).ConclusionsFocusing on the couple as a unit could provide a cost-effective approach to weight-loss programmes.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity during a Real-World Weight Loss Dietary Program: A Focus on the Bacteroides 2 Enterotype

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Rohia Alili ◽  
Eugeni Belda ◽  
Odile Fabre ◽  
Véronique Pelloux ◽  
Nils Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Restriction Diet

Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world weight loss study in subjects following a high-protein hypocaloric diet with or without a live microorganisms (LMP) supplement. Method: 263 volunteers were part of this real-world weight loss program. The first phase was a high-protein low-carbohydrate calorie restriction diet with or without LMP supplements. Fecal samples were obtained at baseline and after 10% weight loss for 163 subjects. Metagenomic profiling was obtained by shotgun sequencing. Results: At baseline, the Bact2 enterotype was more prevalent in subjects with aggravated obesity and metabolic alterations. After weight loss, diversity increased and Bact2 prevalence decreased in subjects with lower GM diversity at baseline, notably in LMP consumers. Significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis and significant decreases of Eubacterium rectale, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterial lineages were observed after weight loss. Conclusion: Baseline microbiome composition is associated with differential changes in GM diversity and Bact2 enterotype prevalence after weight loss. Examining these signatures could drive future personalized nutrition efforts towards more favorable microbiome compositions.

scholarly journals High Fat-High Fructose Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut Microbiota Associated with Dyslipidemia in Syrian Hamsters

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Rachael G. Horne ◽  
Yijing Yu ◽  
Rianna Zhang ◽  
Nyan Abdalqadir ◽  
Laura Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Induced Changes

Aim: The objective of this study was to characterize the early effects of high fructose diets (with and without high fat) on both the composition of the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters, a reproducible preclinical model of diet-induced dyslipidemia. Methods: Eight-week-old male hamsters were fed diets consisting of high-fat/high-fructose, low-fat/high-fructose or a standard chow diet for 14 days. Stool was collected at baseline (day 0), day 7 and day 14. Fasting levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were monitored on day 0, day 7 and day 14, and nonfasting levels were also assayed on day 15. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples was used to determine gut microbial composition, and predictive metagenomics was performed to evaluate dietary-induced shifts in deduced microbial functions. Results: Both high-fructose diets resulted in divergent gut microbiota composition. A high-fat/high-fructose diet induced the largest shift in overall gut microbial composition, with dramatic shifts in the Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, and changes in beta diversity after just seven days of dietary intervention. Significant associations between genus level taxa and dietary intervention were identified, including an association with Ruminococceace NK4A214 group in high-fat/high-fructose fed animals and an association with Butryimonas with the low-fat/high-fructose diet. High-fat/high-fructose feeding induced dyslipidemia with increases in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and hepatomegaly. Dietary-induced changes in several genus level taxa significantly correlated with lipid levels over the two-week period. Differences in microbial metabolic pathways between high-fat/high-fructose and low-fat/high-fructose diet fed hamsters were identified, and several of these pathways also correlated with lipid profiles in hamsters. Conclusions: The high-fat/high-fructose diet caused shifts in the host gut microbiota. These dietary-induced alterations in gut microbial composition were linked to changes in the production of secondary metabolites, which contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome in the host.

Gut microbiota composition correlates with changes in body fat content due to weight loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Remely ◽  
I. Tesar ◽  
B. Hippe ◽  
S. Gnauer ◽  
P. Rust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Time Point

Genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits contribute to metabolic syndrome, but also an altered gut microbiota has been identified. Based on this knowledge it is suggested that host bacterial composition tends to change in response to dietary factors and weight loss. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria affecting host metabolism in obesity during weight loss and to correlate them with changes of the body composition obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We recruited obese individuals receiving a dietary intervention according DACH (German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Nutrition) reference values and guidelines for ‘prevention and therapy of obesity’ of DAG e.V., DDG, DGE e.V., and DGEM e.V. over three months. Faecal microbiota and BIA measurements were conducted at three time points, before, during, and after the intervention. Gut microbiota was analysed on the basis of 16S rDNA with quantitative real time PCR. Additionally, a food frequency questionnaire with questions to nutritional behaviour, lifestyle, and physical activity was administered before intervention. After weight reduction, obese individuals showed a significant increase of total bacterial abundance. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes significantly decreased during intervention. Lactobacilli significantly increased between the first and the second time point. These differences also correlated with differences in weight percentage. During the intervention period Clostridium cluster IV increased significantly between the second and the third time point. In contrast Clostridium cluster XIVa showed a decreased abundance. The dominant butyrate producer, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, significantly increased as did the abundance of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase gene. Archaea and Akkermansia were significantly more prevalent after weight reduction. Our results show a clear difference in the gut bacterial composition before and after dietary intervention with a rapid change in gut microbial composition after a few weeks, but also indicate that a major shift requires long term dietary treatment.

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