Gut microbiota composition correlates with changes in body fat content due to weight loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Remely ◽  
I. Tesar ◽  
B. Hippe ◽  
S. Gnauer ◽  
P. Rust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Time Point

Genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits contribute to metabolic syndrome, but also an altered gut microbiota has been identified. Based on this knowledge it is suggested that host bacterial composition tends to change in response to dietary factors and weight loss. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria affecting host metabolism in obesity during weight loss and to correlate them with changes of the body composition obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We recruited obese individuals receiving a dietary intervention according DACH (German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Nutrition) reference values and guidelines for ‘prevention and therapy of obesity’ of DAG e.V., DDG, DGE e.V., and DGEM e.V. over three months. Faecal microbiota and BIA measurements were conducted at three time points, before, during, and after the intervention. Gut microbiota was analysed on the basis of 16S rDNA with quantitative real time PCR. Additionally, a food frequency questionnaire with questions to nutritional behaviour, lifestyle, and physical activity was administered before intervention. After weight reduction, obese individuals showed a significant increase of total bacterial abundance. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes significantly decreased during intervention. Lactobacilli significantly increased between the first and the second time point. These differences also correlated with differences in weight percentage. During the intervention period Clostridium cluster IV increased significantly between the second and the third time point. In contrast Clostridium cluster XIVa showed a decreased abundance. The dominant butyrate producer, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, significantly increased as did the abundance of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase gene. Archaea and Akkermansia were significantly more prevalent after weight reduction. Our results show a clear difference in the gut bacterial composition before and after dietary intervention with a rapid change in gut microbial composition after a few weeks, but also indicate that a major shift requires long term dietary treatment.

scholarly journals Calorie restriction intervention induces enterotype-associated BMI loss in nonobese individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zou ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Huahui Ren ◽  
Peishan Chen ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Microbial Composition

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR), which has the potential effect to weight loss and blood amino acids, has been demonstrated to associate with gut microbiota in human, especially in obese individuals. However, studies for simultaneously evaluating enterotype-dependent impacts of CR on the gut microbiota and blood amino acids in nonobese individuals are still limited.Here, 41 nonobese individuals received a 3-week CR diet with approximately 50% fewer calories than normal diet. We measured their BMI and blood amino acid concentration, along with the gut microbiota before and after the intervention. In this trial, 28 Enterotype Bacteroides (ETB) subjects and 13 Enterotype Prevotella (ETP) subjects were identified before the intervention. Short-term CR dietary intervention decreased the body mass index (BMI) in most subjects but varied in subjects with different enterotypes. ETP subjects exhibited significantly higher BMI loss ratio than the ETB subjects. CR additionally induced substantial enterotype-independent changes in blood amino acids, but only minor changes in gut microbial composition.We further built a prediction model based on baseline relative abundances of 7 gut microbial species showing high performance in predicting CR-associated BMI loss ratio. Among them, the relative abundance of ETB-enriched Clostridium bolteae and C. ramosum were negatively correlated with BMI loss ratio while the relative abundance of Dorea longicatena which was slightly enriched in ETP subjects, was positively correlated with BMI loss ratio.Together, our work points out that the individual variation of BMI loss after CR could be partially correlated with different microbial composition and highlights the potential application for microbiome stratification in personalized nutrition intervention.

scholarly journals Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Quiroga-González ◽  
Luis Alberto Chica Cardenas ◽  
Mónica Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagothrix Lagothricha

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.

scholarly journals Teasaponin Ameliorates Murine Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Suppressing the Immune System Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Rui Cai ◽  
Ziyan Kong ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Chen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Response ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Mucus Barrier

Background: Dietary intervention is an exciting topic in current research of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The effect of teasaponin (TS) on IBD has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to investigate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of TS in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and identify potential mechanisms.Methods: We applied TS to mice with DSS-induced colitis and then monitored the body weight, disease activity index (DAI) daily. When sacrificed, the intestinal permeability was measured. The analysis of mucin and tight junction proteins was conducted. We detected the inflammatory cytokines, the immune cells and related inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and we also performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).Results: It showed that TS ameliorated the colonic damage by lowering the DAI, prolonging the colon length, reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving the mucus barrier. Parallel to down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines, the fecal lipocalin 2, p-P65, p-STAT3, and neutrophil accumulation were also decreased in TS-treated mice. Microbiota characterization showed that Campylobacteria, Proteobacteria, Helicobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae were the key bacteria associated with IBD. In addition, TS could reverse the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and increase the beneficial bacteria, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides. TS ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by regulating the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota could regulate gut inflammation.Conclusions: These studies demonstrated that TS ameliorated murine colitis through the modulation of immune response, mucus barrier and gut microbiota, thus improving gut dysbiosis. In addition, the gut microbiota may play an important role in regulating the host's innate immune system, and the two coexist and are mutually beneficial. We provide a promising perspective on the clinical treatment of IBD.

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Patients on a Calorie Restrict Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surong Wen ◽  
Yaojun Ni ◽  
Ziyu Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Deprivation Group ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on the weight loss and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients on a calorie restrict diet (CRD). Methods: Twenty obese patients who were divided into two groups: sleep deprivation group(SD group,n=10) and non-sleep deprivation group(NSD group ,n=10). All the patients received CRD for twelve weeks. Measurement of anthropometric parameters, biochemical examinations and gut microbiota detection were done at baseline and the end of week 12. MI Bands were used to monitor the sleep and exercise. Body shape parameters were measured by using the JAWON ioi353. The gut microbiota was examined by PCR in the v3-v5 region of 16S rDNA gene, and high-throughput sequencing was carried out on the Illumina Miseq platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was used for analysis. Results: 1. CRD improved the body weight (BW) , waist circumference(WC), blood pressure (BP),basal metabolic rate (BMR) ,body fat content(BFC),and Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in all obese patients. 2. In the NSD group, the BW, BFC, VFA, BMR and total cholesterol (TC) reduced significantly when compared with the NSD group after CRD intervention (P<0.05). 3. The Alpha diversity of gut microbiota remained unchanged after the intervention in two groups after CRD intervention. 4. There was a negative correlation between Mollicutes and BMR in the NSD group. Conclusion: The effects of CRD may be weaken by SD in weight loss and the metabolism of blood lipid. Mollicutes bacteria may be related to the weight loss after CRD intervention in obese patients.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity during a Real-World Weight Loss Dietary Program: A Focus on the Bacteroides 2 Enterotype

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Rohia Alili ◽  
Eugeni Belda ◽  
Odile Fabre ◽  
Véronique Pelloux ◽  
Nils Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Restriction Diet

Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world weight loss study in subjects following a high-protein hypocaloric diet with or without a live microorganisms (LMP) supplement. Method: 263 volunteers were part of this real-world weight loss program. The first phase was a high-protein low-carbohydrate calorie restriction diet with or without LMP supplements. Fecal samples were obtained at baseline and after 10% weight loss for 163 subjects. Metagenomic profiling was obtained by shotgun sequencing. Results: At baseline, the Bact2 enterotype was more prevalent in subjects with aggravated obesity and metabolic alterations. After weight loss, diversity increased and Bact2 prevalence decreased in subjects with lower GM diversity at baseline, notably in LMP consumers. Significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis and significant decreases of Eubacterium rectale, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterial lineages were observed after weight loss. Conclusion: Baseline microbiome composition is associated with differential changes in GM diversity and Bact2 enterotype prevalence after weight loss. Examining these signatures could drive future personalized nutrition efforts towards more favorable microbiome compositions.

scholarly journals High Fat-High Fructose Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut Microbiota Associated with Dyslipidemia in Syrian Hamsters

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Rachael G. Horne ◽  
Yijing Yu ◽  
Rianna Zhang ◽  
Nyan Abdalqadir ◽  
Laura Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Induced Changes

Aim: The objective of this study was to characterize the early effects of high fructose diets (with and without high fat) on both the composition of the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters, a reproducible preclinical model of diet-induced dyslipidemia. Methods: Eight-week-old male hamsters were fed diets consisting of high-fat/high-fructose, low-fat/high-fructose or a standard chow diet for 14 days. Stool was collected at baseline (day 0), day 7 and day 14. Fasting levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were monitored on day 0, day 7 and day 14, and nonfasting levels were also assayed on day 15. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples was used to determine gut microbial composition, and predictive metagenomics was performed to evaluate dietary-induced shifts in deduced microbial functions. Results: Both high-fructose diets resulted in divergent gut microbiota composition. A high-fat/high-fructose diet induced the largest shift in overall gut microbial composition, with dramatic shifts in the Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, and changes in beta diversity after just seven days of dietary intervention. Significant associations between genus level taxa and dietary intervention were identified, including an association with Ruminococceace NK4A214 group in high-fat/high-fructose fed animals and an association with Butryimonas with the low-fat/high-fructose diet. High-fat/high-fructose feeding induced dyslipidemia with increases in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and hepatomegaly. Dietary-induced changes in several genus level taxa significantly correlated with lipid levels over the two-week period. Differences in microbial metabolic pathways between high-fat/high-fructose and low-fat/high-fructose diet fed hamsters were identified, and several of these pathways also correlated with lipid profiles in hamsters. Conclusions: The high-fat/high-fructose diet caused shifts in the host gut microbiota. These dietary-induced alterations in gut microbial composition were linked to changes in the production of secondary metabolites, which contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome in the host.

scholarly journals Ligustrum robustum Intake, Weight Loss, and Gut Microbiota: An Intervention Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yuhang Chen ◽  
Jiayi Xu ◽  
Sijing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Chao1 Estimator

Ligustrum robustum (LR) shows antiobesity effects in animal studies. However, little is known about the effect on human. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of LR intake on weight change in obese women and the role of gut microbiota. Thirty overweight and obese female participants (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) were recruited in the current study. The participants drank LR 10g/d for 12 wks. Their body composition and related biomarkers were assessed. Alterations of the gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The primary outcome was the change in body weight. LR intake resulted in 2.5% weight loss over 12 wks (P<0.01). Change in body fat at 12 wk was -1.77 ± 1.19 kg (P<0.01). In addition, decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (P=0.03), increased richness (the ACE estimator, P<0.01; the Chao1 estimator, P<0.01), and altered representative taxa of the gut microbiota were observed. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, Bacilli, and Lactobacillales were higher while Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriales, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia, and Clostridiales were lower at 12 wk. Moreover, LR intervention decreased fasting glucose (P<0.01), serum leptin (P<0.01), and IL8 (P=0.02) and increased HOMA-β (P<0.01). LR intervention moderately decreased the body weight in overweight and obese women and such effect might be due to modulation of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Crommen ◽  
Alma Mattes ◽  
Marie-Christine Simon
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss and the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Recent studies have suggested that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Several studies have observed major changes in the microbial composition following gastric bypass surgery. However, there are inconsistencies between the reported alterations in microbial compositions in different studies. Furthermore, it is well established that diet is an important factor shaping the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. However, most studies on gastric bypass have not assessed the impact of dietary intake on the microbiome composition in general, let alone the impact of restrictive diets prior to bariatric surgery, which are recommended for reducing liver fat content and size. Thus, the relative impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota induced by bariatric surgery considering pre-surgical nutritional changes.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Grembi ◽  
Lan H. Nguyen ◽  
Thomas D. Haggerty ◽  
Christopher D. Gardner ◽  
Susan P. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

scholarly journals Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Grembi ◽  
Lan H Nguyen ◽  
Thomas D Haggerty ◽  
Christopher D Gardner ◽  
Susan P Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Discovery Cohort ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Carb Diet

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a complex global health challenge. Although both low-carbohydrate (low-carb) and low-fat diets can lead to weight loss, there is typically substantial variability in weight and related outcomes for both diet approaches among obese but otherwise healthy adults. Elucidating individual characteristics that might contribute to sustained weight loss is critical to developing effective dietary intervention strategies. We hypothesized that structural differences in the gut microbiota explained some portion of the weight loss variability among people randomized to either a low-carb or low-fat diet, possibly related to its effects on dietary compliance.ResultsOur study included two staggered cohorts of obese adults enrolled in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study - a randomized clinical trial of either a low-fat or low-carb diet. In the discovery cohort (n=66), 161 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced in addition to 157 samples collected after 10-weeks of dietary intervention. In the validation cohort (n = 56), 106 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced. Pre-diet taxonomic features, such as the Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, correlated to weight loss in the discovery cohort were not confirmed in the validation cohort. The most robust finding in the discovery cohort indicated that gut microbiota plasticity was linked to 12-month weight loss in a diet-dependent manner; subjects with higher sustained weight loss on a low-fat diet had higher pre-diet daily plasticity, whereas those most successful on the low-carb diet had greater microbiota plasticity over 10 weeks of dietary intervention. Unfortunately, because sample frequency and timing was quite different in the validation cohort, the relationship between plasticity and weight loss could not be studied in this group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the potential importance of gut microbiota plasticity in sustained weight loss. We highlight the importance of evaluating kinetic trends and in assessing reproducibility in studies of the gut microbiota.

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