Passive training with upper extremity exoskeleton robot affects proprioceptive acuity and performance of motor learning

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

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Interactive effects of incentive value and valence on the performance of discrete action sequences

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88286-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tyler J. Adkins ◽

Bradley S. Gary ◽

Taraz G. Lee

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Large Body ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Skill Retention ◽

Incentive Value ◽

Discrete Action ◽

On Line ◽

And Performance ◽

Gains And Losses

AbstractIncentives can be used to increase motivation, leading to better learning and performance on skilled motor tasks. Prior work has shown that monetary punishments enhance on-line performance while equivalent monetary rewards enhance off-line skill retention. However, a large body of literature on loss aversion has shown that losses are treated as larger than equivalent gains. The divergence between the effects of punishments and reward on motor learning could be due to perceived differences in incentive value rather than valence per se. We test this hypothesis by manipulating incentive value and valence while participants trained to perform motor sequences. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that large reward enhanced on-line performance but impaired the ability to retain the level of performance achieved during training. However, we also found that on-line performance was better with reward than punishment and that the effect of increasing incentive value was more linear with reward (small, medium, large) while the effect of value was more binary with punishment (large vs not large). These results suggest that there are differential effects of punishment and reward on motor learning and that these effects of valence are unlikely to be driven by differences in the subjective magnitude of gains and losses.

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The Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor PF-04449613 Promotes Dendritic Spine Formation and Performance Improvement after Motor Learning

Developmental Neurobiology ◽

10.1002/dneu.22623 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 859-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baoling Lai ◽

Miao Li ◽

Wanling Hu ◽

Wei Li ◽

Wen-Biao Gan

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Performance Improvement ◽

Dendritic Spine ◽

Spine Formation ◽

And Performance

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Invited Commentary on Comparison of Robotics, Functional Electrical Stimulation, and Motor Learning Methods for Treatment of Persistent Upper Extremity Dysfunction After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 991-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gert Kwakkel ◽

Erwin E. van Wegen ◽

Carel M. Meskers

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Learning Methods ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Money and Praise: Do They Improve Motor Learning and Performance?

Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation ◽

10.1080/10671188.1972.10615156 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 429-442

Author(s):

Rainer Martens ◽

Les Burwitz ◽

Karl M. Newell

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

And Performance ◽

Learning And Performance

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Influence of Chronic Stroke on Functional Arm Reaching: Quantifying Deficits in the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/5182310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Savitha Subramaniam ◽

Rini Varghese ◽

Tanvi Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Movement Time ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Initiation Time ◽

Peak Acceleration ◽

Movement Initiation ◽

And Performance

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to quantify ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) stand-reaching performance (kinematics and kinetics) among chronic stroke survivors.Method. Community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors (n=13) and age-similar healthy adults (n=13) performed flexion- and abduction-reaching tasks. Surface EMG and acceleration were sampled using wireless sensors from the prime movers (anterior and middle deltoid) and provided performance-outcome (reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance-production (peak acceleration) measures and were then evaluated.Results. Individuals with chronic stroke demonstrated significantly reduced performance outcomes (i.e., longer reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance production ability (i.e., smaller peak acceleration) compared to their healthy counterparts (p< 0.05) for both flexion- and abduction-reaching movements.Conclusion. Our results are suggestive of post-stroke deficits in ipsilesional motor execution during a stand-reaching task. Based on these findings, it is essential to integrate ipsilesional UE training into rehabilitation interventions as this might aid functional reaching activities of daily living and could ultimately help community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors maintain their independent living.

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Sensorimotor cortex beta oscillations reflect motor skill learning ability after stroke

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Svenja Espenhahn ◽

Holly E Rossiter ◽

Bernadette C M van Wijk ◽

Nell Redman ◽

Jane M Rondina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Skill Learning ◽

Motor Skill Learning ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Beta Oscillations ◽

And Performance

Abstract Recovery of skilled movement after stroke is assumed to depend on motor learning. However, the capacity for motor learning and factors that influence motor learning after stroke have received little attention. In this study, we first compared motor skill acquisition and retention between well-recovered stroke patients and age- and performance-matched healthy controls. We then tested whether beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) from sensorimotor cortices contribute to predicting training-related motor performance. Eighteen well-recovered chronic stroke survivors (mean age 64 ± 8 years, range: 50–74 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were trained on a continuous tracking task and subsequently retested after initial training (45–60 min and 24 h later). Scalp electroencephalography was recorded during the performance of a simple motor task before each training and retest session. Stroke patients demonstrated capacity for motor skill learning, but it was diminished compared to age- and performance-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, although the properties of beta oscillations prior to training were comparable between stroke patients and healthy controls, stroke patients did show less change in beta measures with motor learning. Lastly, although beta oscillations did not help to predict motor performance immediately after training, contralateral (ipsilesional) sensorimotor cortex post-movement beta rebound measured after training helped predict future motor performance, 24 h after training. This finding suggests that neurophysiological measures such as beta oscillations can help predict response to motor training in chronic stroke patients and may offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

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