scholarly journals Reliability of fNIRS for noninvasive monitoring of brain function and emotion in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Chincarini ◽  
Emanuela Dalla Costa ◽  
Lina Qiu ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
Simona Cannas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Diffusion ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Two Layer Model

Abstract The aim of this work was to critically assess if functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be profitably used as a tool for noninvasive recording of brain functions and emotions in sheep. We considered an experimental design including advances in instrumentation (customized wireless multi-distance fNIRS system), more accurate physical modelling (two-layer model for photon diffusion and 3D Monte Carlo simulations), support from neuroanatomical tools (positioning of the fNIRS probe by MRI and DTI data of the very same animals), and rigorous protocols (motor task, startling test) for testing the behavioral response of freely moving sheep. Almost no hemodynamic response was found in the extra-cerebral region in both the motor task and the startling test. In the motor task, as expected we found a canonical hemodynamic response in the cerebral region when sheep were walking. In the startling test, the measured hemodynamic response in the cerebral region was mainly from movement. Overall, these results indicate that with the current setup and probe positioning we are primarily measuring the motor area of the sheep brain, and not probing the too deeply located cortical areas related to processing of emotions.

Cerebral oxygenation changes in response to motor stimulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Obrig ◽  
C. Hirth ◽  
J. G. Junge-Hulsing ◽  
C. Doge ◽  
T. Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamic ◽  
Course Changes

We studied cerebral hemodynamic response to a sequential motor task in 56 subjects to investigate the time course and distribution of blood oxygenation changes as monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). To address whether response is modulated by different performance velocities, a group of subjects (n = 12) was examined while performing the motor task at 1, 2, and 3 Hz. The results demonstrate that 1) the NIRS response reflects localized changes in cerebral hemodynamics, 2) the response, consisting of an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [oxy-Hb] and a decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([deoxy-Hb]), is lateralized and increases in amplitude with higher performance rates, and 3) changes in [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] differ in time course. Changes in [oxy-Hb] are biphasic, with a fast initial increase and a pronounced poststimulus undershoot. The stimulus-associated decrease in [deoxy-Hb] is monophasic, and response latency is greater. We conclude that NIRS is able to detect even small changes in cerebral hemodynamic response to functional stimulation.

scholarly journals Modifications in Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation in Linear and Curvilinear Dual Task Walking: A Combined fNIRS and IMUs Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6159
Author(s):  
Valeria Belluscio ◽  
Gabriele Casti ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Maria Sofia Sappia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gait Quality

Increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been observed during linear walking, particularly when there is a high attention demand on the task, like in dual-task (DT) paradigms. Despite the knowledge that cognitive and motor demands depend on the complexity of the motor task, most studies have only focused on usual walking, while little is known for more challenging tasks, such as curved paths. To explore the relationship between cortical activation and gait biomechanics, 20 healthy young adults were asked to perform linear and curvilinear walking trajectories in single-task and DT conditions. PFC activation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, while gait quality with four inertial measurement units. The Figure-of-8-Walk-Test was adopted as the curvilinear trajectory, with the “Serial 7s” test as concurrent cognitive task. Results show that walking along curvilinear trajectories in DT led to increased PFC activation and decreased motor performance. Under DT walking, the neural correlates of executive function and gait control tend to be modified in response to the cognitive resources imposed by the motor task. Being more representative of real-life situations, this approach to curved walking has the potential to reveal crucial information and to improve people’ s balance, safety, and life’s quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Short-Term Music Therapy on Brain Functions of Preterm Infants Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Ren ◽  
Liangyan Zou ◽  
Laishuan Wang ◽  
Chunmei Lu ◽  
Yafei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

Music contains substantial contents that humans can perceive and thus has the capability to evoke positive emotions. Even though neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can provide preterm infants a developmental environment, they still cannot fully simulate the environment in the womb. The reduced maternal care would increase stress levels in premature infants. Fortunately, music intervention has been proved that it can improve the NICU environment, such as stabilize the heart rate and the respiratory rate, reduce the incidence of apnea, and improve feeding. However, the effects of music therapy on the brain development of preterm infants need to be further investigated. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of short-term music therapy on the brain functions of preterm infants measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We began by investigating how premature babies perceive structural information of music by calculating the correlations between music features and fNIRS signals. Then, the influences of short-term music therapy on brain functions were evaluated by comparing the resting-state functional connectivity before and after the short-term music therapy. The results show that distinct brain regions are responsible for processing corresponding musical features, indicating that preterm infants have the capability to process the complex musical content. However, the results of network analysis show that short-term music intervention is insufficient to cause the changes in cerebral functional connectivity. Therefore, long-term music therapy may be required to achieve the deserved effects on brain functional connectivity.

scholarly journals Evoked Hemodynamic Response Estimation to Auditory Stimulus Using Recursive Least Squares Adaptive Filtering with Multidistance Measurement of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Chunling Yang ◽  
Qisong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The performance of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is sometimes degraded by the interference caused by the physical or the systemic physiological activities. Several interferences presented during fNIRS recordings are mainly induced by cardiac pulse, breathing, and spontaneous physiological low-frequency oscillations. In previous work, we introduced a multidistance measurement to reduce physiological interference based on recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering. Monte Carlo simulations have been implemented to evaluate the performance of RLS adaptive filtering. However, its suitability and performance on human data still remain to be evaluated. Here, we address the issue of how to detect evoked hemodynamic response to auditory stimulus using RLS adaptive filtering method. A multidistance probe based on continuous wave fNIRS is devised to achieve the fNIRS measurement and further study the brain functional activation. This study verifies our previous findings that RLS adaptive filtering is an effective method to suppress global interference and also provides a practical way for real-time detecting brain activity based on multidistance measurement.

Robust functional near infrared spectroscopy denoising using multiple wavelet shrinkage based on a hemodynamic response model

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihyoun Lee ◽  
Seung Hyun Lee ◽  
Sang Hyeon Jin ◽  
Jinung An
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Wavelet Shrinkage ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Functional near infrared spectroscopy can measure hemodynamic signals, and the results are similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals. Thus, functional near infrared spectroscopy can be employed to investigate brain activity by measuring the absorption of near infrared light through an intact skull. Recently, a general linear model, which is a standard method for functional magnetic resonance imaging, was applied to functional near infrared spectroscopy imaging analysis. However, the general linear model fails when functional near infrared spectroscopy signals retain noise, such as that caused by the subject's movement during measurement. Although wavelet-based denoising and hemodynamic response function smoothing are popular denoising methods for functional near infrared spectroscopy signals, these methods do not exhibit impressive performances for very noisy environments and a specific class of noise. Thus, this paper proposes a new denoising algorithm that uses multiple wavelet shrinkage and a multiple threshold function based on a hemodynamic response model. Through the experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using graphic results and objective indexes, and it is compared with existing denoising algorithms.

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