scholarly journals Contrasting surface warming of a marginal basin due to large-scale climatic patterns and local forcing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Krauzig ◽  
Pierpaolo Falco ◽  
Enrico Zambianchi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Local Forcing ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The Mediterranean Sea is one of the first regions where sea surface temperature (SST) increase was linked to greenhouse effects and global warming. Due to its sensitivity to climate variability and its high impact on local and remote climate conditions, much effort has been made to assess the SST variability in the Mediterranean as a whole. However, the Mediterranean is composed of several basins, each of which plays a different role in its conveyor belt’s function. This study focuses on the basin of the Tyrrhenian Sea which represents one of the crucial areas for deep mixing of the Mediterranean main water masses. Thirty-seven years (1982–2018) of satellite-derived data were used to investigate the SST variability in relation to large-scale and local forcing mechanisms. A significant warming trend of 0.034 ± 0.004 °C/year was found, which led to an average warming of 1.288 ± 0.129 °C over the considered period. The observed warming presents time-dependent spatial patterns as well as changes in the seasonal cycle. Our results highlight that the Tyrrhenian’s individual long-term surface variability has different characteristics than the Mediterranean as a whole and provide insight into the relative influence of large-scale teleconnection patterns and local air-sea interaction on this variability.

scholarly journals Cities Exacerbate Climate Warming

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Lahouari Bounoua ◽  
Kurtis Thome ◽  
Joseph Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
The Us

Urbanization is a complex land transformation not explicitly resolved within large-scale climate models. Long-term timeseries of high-resolution satellite data are essential to characterize urbanization within land surface models and to assess its contribution to surface temperature changes. The potential for additional surface warming from urbanization-induced land use change is investigated and decoupled from that due to change in climate over the continental US using a decadal timescale. We show that, aggregated over the US, the summer mean urban-induced surface temperature increased by 0.15 °C, with a warming of 0.24 °C in cities built in vegetated areas and a cooling of 0.25 °C in cities built in non-vegetated arid areas. This temperature change is comparable in magnitude to the 0.13 °C/decade global warming trend observed over the last 50 years caused by increased CO2. We also show that the effect of urban-induced change on surface temperature is felt above and beyond that of the CO2 effect. Our results suggest that climate mitigation policies must consider urbanization feedback to put a limit on the worldwide mean temperature increase.

Large scale moisture flux characteristics of the mediterranean basin and their relationships with drier and wetter climate conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3381-3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Şahin ◽  
Murat Türkeş ◽  
Sheng-Hung Wang ◽  
David Hannah ◽  
Warren Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals Tropical Atlantic Variability Modes (1979–2002). Part I: Time-Evolving SST Modes Related to West African Rainfall

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 6457-6475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Polo ◽  
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca ◽  
Teresa Losada ◽  
Javier García-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract This work presents a description of the 1979–2002 tropical Atlantic (TA) SST variability modes coupled to the anomalous West African (WA) rainfall during the monsoon season. The time-evolving SST patterns, with an impact on WA rainfall variability, are analyzed using a new methodology based on maximum covariance analysis. The enhanced Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) dataset, which includes measures over the ocean, gives a complete picture of the interannual WA rainfall patterns for the Sahel dry period. The leading TA SST pattern, related to the Atlantic El Niño, is coupled to anomalous precipitation over the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, which corresponds to the second WA rainfall principal component. The thermodynamics and dynamics involved in the generation, development, and damping of this mode are studied and compared with previous works. The SST mode starts at the Angola/Benguela region and is caused by alongshore wind anomalies. It then propagates westward via Rossby waves and damps because of latent heat flux anomalies and Kelvin wave eastward propagation from an off-equatorial forcing. The second SST mode includes the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, showing how the Mediterranean SST anomalies are those that are directly associated with the Sahelian rainfall. The global signature of the TA SST patterns is analyzed, adding new insights about the Pacific–Atlantic link in relation to WA rainfall during this period. Also, this global picture suggests that the Mediterranean SST anomalies are a fingerprint of large-scale forcing. This work updates the results given by other authors, whose studies are based on different datasets dating back to the 1950s, including both the wet and the dry Sahel periods.

Analysis of Mean Climate Conditions in Senegal (1971–98)

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souleymane Fall ◽  
Dev Niyogi ◽  
Fredrick H. M. Semazzi
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions

Abstract This paper presents a GIS-based analysis of climate variability over Senegal, West Africa. It responds to the need for developing a climate atlas that uses local observations instead of gridded global analyses. Monthly readings of observed rainfall (20 stations) and mean temperature (12 stations) were compiled, digitized, and quality assured for a period from 1971 to 1998. The monthly, seasonal, and annual temperature and precipitation distributions were mapped and analyzed using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. A north–south gradient in rainfall and an east–west gradient in temperature variations were observed. June exhibits the greatest variability for both quantity of rainfall and number of rainy days, especially in the western and northern parts of the country. Trends in precipitation and temperature were studied using a linear regression analysis and interpolation maps. Air temperature showed a positive and significant warming trend throughout the country, except in the southeast. A significant correlation is found between the temperature index for Senegal and the Pacific sea surface temperatures during the January–April period, especially in the El Niño zone. In contrast to earlier regional-scale studies, precipitation does not show a negative trend and has remained largely unchanged, with a few locations showing a positive trend, particularly in the northeastern and southwestern regions. This study reveals a need for more localized climate analyses of the West Africa region because local climate variations are not always captured by large-scale analysis, and such variations can alter conclusions related to regional climate change.

scholarly journals Summer Distribution, Relative Abundance and Encounter Rates of Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Waters off Southern Italy (Western Ionian Sea and Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANTORO ◽  
E. SPERONE ◽  
M. L. TRINGALI ◽  
G. PELLEGRINO ◽  
G. GIGLIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Steno Bredanensis

In summer 2010 and summer 2011, weekly cetacean surveys were undertaken in “passing mode”, using ferries as platform of opportunity, along the “fixed line transect” between Catania and Civitavecchia (Southern Italy). Of the 20 species of cetaceans confirmed for the Mediterranean sea, 8 were sighted within the survey period: 7 species represented by Mediterranean subpopulations (Balaenoptera physalus, Physeter macrocephalus, Stenella coeruleoalba, Delphinus delphis, Grampus griseus, Tursiops truncatus and Ziphius cavirostris) and one considered visitor (Steno bredanensis). We had a total of 220 sightings during the 2010 and a total of 240 sightings in the 2011. The most frequent species was S. coeruleoalba. By the comparison of the data from the two sampling seasons, a significant increase of D. delphis sightings and a decrease of sightings of B. physalus and P. macrocephalus was observed from 2010 to 2011. While all the other species were observed in both sampling seasons, Z. cavirostris and Steno bredanensis were observed only during 2011. The presence of mixed groups of odontocetes was documented too: we sighted groups composed by S. coeruleoalba and D. delphis, by S. coeruleoalba and T. truncatus, and by S. coeruleoalba and G. griseus. The results of this research add useful information on cetacean species in a very poorly known area and highlight the need to standardize large scale and long term monitoring programs in order to detect variation in presence, abundance and distribution of cetaceans populations and understand the effect of anthropogenic factors.

scholarly journals Electronic tagging data and habitat envelope modeling used to monitor spatial persistency and possible relocation of spawning grounds for the bluefin tuna in the East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Ospina-Alvarez ◽  
Susana Sainz Trápaga ◽  
Sergi Tudela ◽  
Antonio Di Natale ◽  
Gemma Quílez-Badia
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
The Mediterranean

A spawning habitat envelope has been created for bluefin tuna in its traditional spawning ground in the Mediterranean Sea by combining environmental variables and species behavior. We used logistic regressions through a generalized linear model (GLM) approach to determine whether reproduction was affected by spawning habitat characteristics and individual behavior. Results from the implementation of the model predicted a high probability of occurrence of reproductive events associated with 17 tagged tuna. Some of them matched the already well known spawning grounds in the Mediterranean Sea (the area around the Balearic Islands, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Sirte). The model also proposed some other areas seldom or not at all mentioned in the bibliography in both, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Alboran Sea, the Catalan Sea, the Gulf of Lions and the Bay of Biscay. This model provides an objective methodology to predict and adapt spawning areas, and to identify other potential but unknown, or even new, spawning areas and periods for the species. Moreover, the application of the present methodology could help the implementation of an adaptive management approach for Atlantic bluefin tuna by predicting areas suitable for spawning and identifying changes in spawning areas and season in the currently highly changing ocean and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Local Warming Trend in Alberta, Canada during 2001–2020, and Its Relationship with Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Quazi K. Hassan ◽  
Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha ◽  
M. Razu Ahmed ◽  
Anil Gupta ◽  
Elena Rangelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
Slope Estimator ◽  
Time Series Images

Here, the objective was to study the local warming trend and its driving factors in the natural subregions of Alberta using a remote-sensing approach. We applied the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator on the day and nighttime MODIS LST time-series images to map and quantify the extent and magnitude of monthly and annual warming trends in the 21 natural subregions of Alberta. We also performed a correlation analysis of LST anomalies (both day and nighttime) of the subregions with the anomalies of the teleconnection patterns, i.e., Pacific North American (PNA), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Arctic oscillation (AO), and sea surface temperature (SST, Niño 3.4 region) indices, to identify the relationship. May was the month that showed the most significant warming trends for both day and night during 2001–2020 in most of the subregions in the Rocky Mountains and Boreal Forest. Subregions of Grassland and Parkland in southern and southeastern parts of Alberta showed trends of cooling during daytime in July and August and a small magnitude of warming in June and August at night. We also found a significant cooling trend in November for both day and night. We identified from the correlation analysis that the PNA pattern had the most influence in the subregions during February to April and October to December for 2001–2020; however, none of the atmospheric oscillations showed any significant relationship with the significant warming/cooling months.

scholarly journals <i>Brief communication</i> "Calabria daily rainfall from 1970 to 2006"

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Federico ◽  
L. Pasqualoni ◽  
E. Avolio ◽  
C. Bellecci
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Oscillation ◽  
Controlled Precipitation

Abstract. This brief communication introduces a new quality-controlled precipitation database for Calabria, shows the precipitation trend for the period considered, and correlates daily rainfall with some common teleconnection patterns. The database consists of daily accumulated precipitation collected by 61 rain gauges from 1 January 1970 to 31 December 2006. The 37-year trend in yearly rainfall shows a decrease of 4.7 mm/y, with a 17% reduction in the yearly mean value. The correlation of the daily rainfall with large-scale patterns shows that the Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MOI a/c) is a useful predictor of daily precipitation over Calabria.

Local and large-scale controls of the exceptional Venice floods of November 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Marco Bajo ◽  
Francesco Barbariol ◽  
Mauro Bastianini ◽  
Alvise Benetazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean

&lt;p class=&quot;western&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;On 12 November 2019, an exceptional flood event occurred in Venice, second only to the one that occurred on 4 November 1966. The maximum recorded sea level value of 189 cm above local datum resulted in the flooding of more than 85% of the pedestrian surface of the historical city. Moreover, with four extremely high tides since 11 November 2019, this has been the worst week for flooding in Venice ever since 1872, when official statistics were first produced. The event that struck Venice and the northern Adriatic Sea on 12 November 2019, although having certain conditions seemingly typical of the events that cause exceptional high waters, also had some peculiar characteristics not observed before and therefore it requires an in-depth analysis. Several factors made this event exceptional: an in-phase timing of the peak of the storm surge and the astronomical tide; an anomalously high monthly mean sea level in the Adriatic Sea induced by a steady low-pressure and wind systems over the Mediterranean Sea associated with large-scale low-frequency atmospheric dynamics; a deep low-pressure system over the central-southern Tyrrhenian Sea that generated strong sirocco (south-easterly) winds along the main axis of the Adriatic Sea pushing the waters towards north; a fast-moving local depression - and the associated wind perturbation - travelling in the north-westward direction along the Italian coast that may have forced long ocean waves (e.g., edge wave); and very strong winds (100 km h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt; on average, with gusts reaching 110 km h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;) over the Lagoon of Venice which led to a further rise in water levels and damage to the historic city. In this study, a large set of available observations and the high-resolution numerical simulations are used to quantify the influence of these drivers on the peak flood event and to investigate the peculiar weather and sea conditions over the Mediterranean Sea during the Venice floods of November 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Electronic tagging data and habitat envelope modeling used to monitor spatial persistency and possible relocation of spawning grounds for the bluefin tuna in the East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Ospina-Alvarez ◽  
Susana Sainz Trápaga ◽  
Sergi Tudela ◽  
Antonio Di Natale ◽  
Gemma Quílez-Badia
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
The Mediterranean

A spawning habitat envelope has been created for bluefin tuna in its traditional spawning ground in the Mediterranean Sea by combining environmental variables and species behavior. We used logistic regressions through a generalized linear model (GLM) approach to determine whether reproduction was affected by spawning habitat characteristics and individual behavior. Results from the implementation of the model predicted a high probability of occurrence of reproductive events associated with 17 tagged tuna. Some of them matched the already well known spawning grounds in the Mediterranean Sea (the area around the Balearic Islands, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Sirte). The model also proposed some other areas seldom or not at all mentioned in the bibliography in both, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Alboran Sea, the Catalan Sea, the Gulf of Lions and the Bay of Biscay. This model provides an objective methodology to predict and adapt spawning areas, and to identify other potential but unknown, or even new, spawning areas and periods for the species. Moreover, the application of the present methodology could help the implementation of an adaptive management approach for Atlantic bluefin tuna by predicting areas suitable for spawning and identifying changes in spawning areas and season in the currently highly changing ocean and climate conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document