scholarly journals Long-term survey of sea turtles (Caretta caretta) reveals correlations between parasite infection, feeding ecology, reproductive success and population dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Lockley ◽  
Leila Fouda ◽  
Sandra M. Correia ◽  
Albert Taxonera ◽  
Liam N. Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Long-term monitoring of host-parasite interactions is important for understanding the consequences of infection on host fitness and population dynamics. In an eight-year survey of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) population nesting in Cabo Verde, we determined the spatiotemporal variation of Ozobranchus margoi, a sanguivorous leech best known as a vector for sea turtle fibropapilloma virus. We quantified O. margoi association with turtles’ δ15N and δ13C stable isotopes to identify where infection occurs. We then measured the influence of infection on reproduction and offspring fitness. We found that parasite prevalence has increased from 10% of the population in 2010, to 33% in 2017. Stable isotope analysis of host skin samples suggests transmission occurs within the host’s feeding grounds. Interestingly, we found a significant interaction between individual size and infection on the reproductive success of turtles. Specifically, small, infected females produced fewer offspring of poorer condition, while in contrast, large, infected turtles produced greater clutch sizes and larger offspring. We interpret this interaction as evidence, upon infection, for a size-dependent shift in reproductive strategy from bet hedging to terminal investment, altering population dynamics. This link between infection and reproduction underscores the importance of using long-term monitoring to quantify the impact of disease dynamics over time.

scholarly journals Analysis of the scores of competency test

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Jana Pasáčková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

Since decreasing level of knowledge of mathematics is the problem at universities, not only in the Czech Republic, we try to define some reasons for that between our students from different secondary schools. The paper discusses the results of the examinations in mathematics at the university in the Czech Republic. The aim is focused on the differences between the scores of students from different secondary schools. We compare the results of two tests which students have to pass during the semester. In addition, we compare the impact of introducing a new subject called “Math seminar”. This seminar should help students to complete their knowledge of topics from mathematics of secondary schools. We observe the improvement of students who passed the Math seminar. We observe the impact of passing the school-leaving exam from mathematics as well. We would like to consider this as a part of a long-term monitoring of students in this study programme and re-analyze unsuccessful students after they pass the course “Math seminar”.

Experimental Analysis of the Impact on the Durability of Concrete Additions

2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Suchánek ◽  
Kateřina Hájková
Keyword(s):  
Free Fall ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mixer ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Furnace Slag

This report deals with long term monitoring of durability properties of concrete using different weight doses of various kinds of additions. Particularly limestone, silica fume as a 50% suspension and blast furnace slag were used. Even though the basic recipe is based on the designed concrete, all the fresh concrete was made with a free-fall concrete mixer in the laboratory. This report deals with long-term monitoring of cement concrete surface resistance to water and defrosting chemicals (achieved 475 cycles). The article also describes results of following tests: determination of concrete frost resistance, depth of water penetration under pressure and depth of chloride penetration. Standard tests of fresh and hardened concrete specimens complement the experiment.

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of marine turtle nests in northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline da Costa Bomfim ◽  
Daniel Solon Dias de Farias ◽  
Flávio José de Lima Silva ◽  
Silmara Rossi ◽  
Simone Almeida Gavilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Potiguar Basin ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract: This study monitored marine turtle nests in a region known as the Potiguar Basin, which stretches from the northern region of Rio Grande do Norte State (5°4’1.15” S, 36°4’36.41” W) to eastern Ceará State (4°38’48.28” S, 37°32’52.08” W) in Brazil. We collected data from January 2011 to December 2019 to identify species of sea turtles that spawn in the basin, to analyze the nesting spatial-temporal pattern and nests characteristics, and to record effects of environmental and anthropic factors on nests. A field team examined sea turtle tracks and nests signs. Turtle clutches were monitored daily until hatchings emerged from the nests. We monitored nests of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata; n = 238) and olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea; n = 103). The nesting season for E. imbricata occurred between December and May and for L. olivacea from March to August. Hawksbills had clutch size, incubation time, number of unhatched eggs, and dead hatchlings higher than olive Ridley turtles; nevertheless, they presented lower hatching success. Precipitation between 0 and 22 mm and relative humidity (RH) higher than 69% increased the hatching success rate for E. imbricata; however, rainfall above 11 mm and RH 64% had the same effect for L. olivacea. Signs of egg theft and human presence (e.g. vehicle traffic and plastic residues on the beach) were recorded and are considered threats to nests. The results of our long-term monitoring study in the Potiguar Basin provide basis for the implementation of mitigation measures and adoption of management policies at nesting beaches in this Brazilian region.

scholarly journals The impact of road maintenance and construction on roadside vegetation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (225) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sudnik ◽  
◽  
Irina Voznyachuk
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Term Monitoring

The article provides data on the results of long-term monitoring of the state of vegetation along the main highways of Belarus, caused by environmental pollution in roadside strips with deicing reagents based on sodium chloride in winter in combination with a set of other negative factors (exhaust gases from mobile sources of pollution, changes in environmental conditions, extreme manifestations of weather and climatic factors).

scholarly journals Impacts of White-Nose Syndrome Observed During Long-Term Monitoring of a Midwestern Bat Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Pettit ◽  
Joy M. O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Indiana Bat ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal disease suspected to have infected Indiana caves in the winter of 2010–2011. This disease places energetic strains on cave-hibernating bats by forcing them to wake and use energy reserves. It has caused >5.5 million bat deaths across eastern North America, and may be the driving force for extinction of certain bat species. White-nose syndrome infection can be identified in hibernacula, but it may be difficult to determine whether bats in a particular area are affected if no known hibernacula exist. Thus, our aim was to use long-term monitoring data to examine changes in a summer population away from hibernacula that may be attributable to WNS effects during winter. We used capture data from a long-term bat-monitoring project in central Indiana with data from 10 repeatedly netted sites consistent across all reproductive periods. We modeled capture data by WNS exposure probability to assess changes in relative abundance of common species and reproductive classes as WNS exposure probability increases. We base exposure probability on a cokriging spatial model that interpolated WNS infection from hibernaculum survey data. The little brown bat Myotis lucifugus, the Indiana bat M. sodalis, and the tri-colored bat Perimyotis subflavus suffered 12.5–79.6% declines; whereas, the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus, the eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis, and the evening bat Nycticeius humeralis showed 11.5–50.5% increases. We caught more nonreproductive adult females and postlactating females when WNS exposure probabilities were high, suggesting that WNS is influencing reproductive success of affected species. We conclude that, in Indiana, WNS is causing species-specific declines and may have caused the local extinction of M. lucifugus. Furthermore, WNS-affected species appear to be losing pups or forgoing pregnancy. Ongoing long-term monitoring studies, especially those focusing on reproductive success, are needed to measure the ultimate impacts of WNS.

Clams after storms: the impact of multiple disturbances on seep vesicomyid clams revealed by long-term monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Nakajima ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Ryoichi Iwase ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Katsunori Fujikura
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Disturbances ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ДИНАМІКИ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ УГРУПОВАНЬ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ НАВКОЛОВОДНИХ ПТАХІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДЕЯКИХ ОСТРОВІВ СИВАШУ)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
О. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Number Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of the number dynamics of the nesting waterbirds for the islands of the south of Ukraine is examined. The algorithm of the evaluation of changes in the number of island birds is proposed. Data of the long-term monitoring of the number of birds were analyzed according to this algorithm. The necessity of the implementation of the statistical indices together with the graphic representation of island birds’ turnover is proved. The trends of population dynamics are determined for the key species. The discussed procedure of the complex evaluation is proposed for the management planning of the island bird species and their habitats.</p> <p>The performed analysis of the number dynamics of the key-stone breeding island birds showed that, with the exception of little tern, the population status and the prognosis of number are sufficiently favorable.  From the data of long-term monitoring we came up with the conclusion about the existence of island habitats with carrying capacity to maintain the additional number of breeding birds. In the case of unfavorable conditions like strengthening of anthropogenic press, concurrent interrelations, deficiency of feed resources or drastic reduction of breeding biotopes, the birds due to turnover are capable to successfully react even without reducing their number and breeding success. The extinction rate of the breeding bird species from the island sites directly correlates with the number of breeding species. For the species with equal abundance, the extinction probability is higher for birds, whose numbers are unstable and characterized by significant fluctuations. This testifies the urgency of the constant monitoring and analysis of the number dynamics of breeding bird species in region.</p> <p>The suggested procedure of analysis is recommended for drawing up of management plans and performing of prognoses of number of breeding island bird species. More detail analysis with use of quantitative data on breeding birds will be the next step of the study of the island birds’ turnover. The results of the analysis of population dynamics assist to count the minimal population size for the colonization of new islands and stable existence of bird communities.  Detailed analysis will allow to estimate the effect of competition on population and to determine the competitive variability inside and between the species breeding on islands.</p> <p><em>Key words: Ukraine, colonial waterbirds, islands, dynamics of number, analysis</em></p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals A Framework for Long-Term Vibration-Based Monitoring of Bridges

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4739
Author(s):  
Emrah Erduran ◽  
Frida Kristin Ulla ◽  
Lone Næss
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Modal Strain Energy ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Damage Indicator ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

A new framework for long-term monitoring of bridges is proposed in order to negate (i) the impact of measurement uncertainties on damage detection in vibration-based structural health monitoring and (ii) the low sensitivity of damage indicators to low levels of damage. The framework is developed using three vibration-based damage indicators that have an intuitive physical correlation with damage: modal curvature, modal strain energy and modal flexibility. The article first quantifies the efficacy of these damage indicators when based on two observations, one from the undamaged state and one from the monitored state, in detecting and locating damage for different damage levels that are simulated on an 84-m long railway bridge. A long-term monitoring framework based on a new parameter defined as the frequency of the damage indicator exceeding the threshold value within a population of observations is developed. Impact of several factors including the damage location, damage indicator used in the framework, and the noise level on the success of the developed framework was investigated through numerical analysis. The new parameter, when used together with modal strain energy, was shown to provide a very clear picture of damage initiation and development over time starting from very low damage levels. Furthermore, the location of the simulated damage can be identified successfully at all damage levels and even for very high noise levels using the proposed framework.

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