scholarly journals Locked-in and living delta pathways in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Santos ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker

Abstract Delta systems are fundamental to the persistence of large human populations, food systems and ecosystem processes. Structural changes in natural and social components of deltas, emerging from past land-use changes, have led deltas to become locked-in loosing the ability to transform back into living deltas, and making them more at risk. We propose a framework to assess whether deltas become locked-in by changes in natural or social infrastructure, by examining the dynamic coupling between population and land-use development over 300 years for 48 deltas globally. We find that 46% of the deltas are defined as living, where population, irrigation, and cropland are correlated. Of the 54% locked-in deltas, 21% show changes in natural infrastructure to cropland (n = 6) or irrigation (n = 4), and 33% (n = 16) show changes in social infrastructure. Most locked-in deltas are in Europe but also in other continents due to decoupled development of population and cropland. While, locked-in deltas due to changes in natural infrastructure have highest average risks, those with changes in social infrastructure and the living deltas have highest risks from future relative sea level rise. These results show that deltas have varying natural and social components derived from a 300 years historical perspective, which are not taken into account in risk assessments for global deltas.

Geografie ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Leoš Jeleček

The paper outlines the periodization of land use structural development on the Czech territory in between 1845 and 1995. It aims to demonstrate how does the land use structural changes reflect phases of the social, economic, and political development, as well as some ecological changes. Basic information on the research project on detailed long-term land use development are presented. Tables containing original data are included.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Jiajun Qiao ◽  
Qiankun Zhu

Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Olah ◽  
Martin Boltižiar ◽  
Igor Gallay

Transformation of the Slovak Cultural Landscape Since the 18th Cent. and its Recent Trends The paper is focused on a long-term development of the selected Slovak cultural landscape types (plains, basins, uplands, highlands, and mountains) in approx. 200 years, which shaped the main land use features as well as on the recent transformation trends. The land use development analyses showed that from a long term view perspective several distinct periods can be distinguished. Each of these periods was characteristic for certain land use changes depending both on the landscape character or the socioeconomic situation. The recent trends as land use intensification (intense agriculture, sub-urbanisation, industrial construction) or land use extensification (agricultural land overgrowing) are considered to be common for the entire Slovak territory. Special transformation trends reflect more local conditions, human needs and preferences (construction of water reservoirs, wind calamities or tourism resorts) and though they are spatially isolated and small they influence the majority of Slovak inhabitants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Antonio Asik ◽  
Abdul Munir Hafizy Ladoni

Penampang merupakan sebuah daerah yang terletak di bahagian Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah, berkeluasan 466 198 km2 dan telah mengalami proses pembangunan yang aktif semenjak beberapa tahun yang lalu. Kajian dilaksanakan bertujuan mengenalpasti pola perubahan guna tanah di daerah Penampang bagi tahun 2008 dan 2014 serta menentukan jenis guna tanah yang terdapat di kawasan kajian. Di samping itu, Kajian ini turut mengenalpasti implikasi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan guna tanah di kawasan kajian. Hal ini penting kerana perubahan guna tanah yang drastik memerlukan kajian dari semasa ke semasa bagi melihat sektor yang berperanan dalam meningkatkan perubahan struktur ekonomi dan telah melibatkan perubahan guna tanah secara keseluruhannya. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah Klasifikasi Terselia dan diproses dalam perisian Erdas Imagine 2014 untuk tujuan analisis. Hasil kajian mendapati guna tanah di daerah Penampang telah mengalami perubahan yang amat besar sepanjang tempoh kajian. Guna tanah yang telah mengalami perubahan ketara adalah hutan, tepu bina, kawasan lapang dan badan air. Penemuan kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan guna tanah serta wujud implikasi ke atas perubahan tersebut. Kajian ini juga mendapati pendekatan penderiaan jauh sesuai untuk diaplikasikan dalam kajian berkaitan perubahan guna tanah. Justeru itu, perancangan dan pengurusan yang sistematik dan efektif perlu dilaksanakan bagi mengawal pembangunan guna tanah di daerah Penampang. Ini penting kerana ia bukan sahaja sebagai petunjuk pembangunan dari perspektif fizikal, tetapi juga petunjuk kepada kesejahteraan awam terutamanya masyarakat setempat agar proses pembangunan berjalan secara terancang dan tidak mendatangkan kesan sampingan kepada persekitaran fizikal untuk generasi akan datang. enampang is a district located at the West Coast of the State of Sabah, with area of ​​466 198 km2 and has undergone an active development process for the past few years. This study was conducted to identify patterns of land use change in the Penampang for 2008 and 2014 and to determine the type of land use in the study area. In addition, to identify the implications and factors affecting land use change. This is important because drastic land use changes were needed from time to time to look at sectors that play a role in enhancing economic structure changes and involved land use changes as a whole. This study applies the Supervised Classification method and process in the Erdas Imagine 2014 software for analysis. The results show that land use in the Penampang area has undergone significant changes over the years. Land uses that have undergone significant changes are forests, wetlands, open spaces and water bodies. The findings of the study also show that there several factors that influence land use change and its implications. Besides, the sensing approach is well suited for application in land use changes studies. Therefore, systematic planning and management must implement to control land use development in Penampang district. This is important, not only a guide to development from a physical perspective, but also a guide to the well-being of the public and local community so that development process goes smoothly and has no adverse effect on physical environment for future generations.


2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
Renata Pavelková ◽  
Jindřich Frajer ◽  
Hana Skokanová

Abstract The long-term development of water bodies is investigated in this article using the cases of two river basins with similar natural conditions: the Kyjovka and Trkmanka River Basins in the Czech Republic. Using old topographic maps, land use development was assessed and the analysis of driving forces of land use changes was carried out. The essential land use changes in these areas are connected with the processes of agricultural intensification and urbanisation. The largest area of water bodies was recorded in both river basins in 1763. In the second half of the 19th century, the disappearance of most water bodies in the two basins was significantly affected by the above-mentioned driving forces. After World War II, some of the water bodies in the Kyjovka River Basin were restored and new ponds were established. In contrast, no significant water bodies were restored in the Trkmanka River Basin.


2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Bowen ◽  
Ivan Valiela

Historical changes in land use on coastal watersheds have increased rates of land-derived nitrogen loading to estuaries and altered their biogeochemistry and food webs. We used information on human populations and land uses within the watershed of Waquoit Bay, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A., to model how nitrogen loads derived from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer use, and wastewater disposal have changed since the 1930s. Nitrogen loading into Waquoit Bay more than doubled between 1938 and 1990. The predominant source of nitrogen added to the bay changed from atmospheric deposition to wastewater disposal during the 1980s, reflecting the increasing urbanization of Cape Cod. Larger nitrogen loads increased nitrogen concentrations in the water, altering the assemblage of primary producers and resulting in eutrophication of the estuary. Biomass of phytoplankton and macroalgae increased, and areal cover of eelgrass (Zostera marina) decreased, with increasing nitrogen load. An increase in nitrogen load from 15 to 30 kg N·ha–1·year–1 virtually eliminated eelgrass meadows. Land-use changes prompted by urban sprawl can therefore be linked to marked changes in water quality and eutrophication of receiving waters.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Taherei Ghazvinei ◽  
H. Hassanpour Darvishi ◽  
R. B. Hashim ◽  
S. H. Musavi Jahromi ◽  
N. Aghamohammadi

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term impacts of climate and land use change on a catchment runoff and dam overtopping dam reliability. Long hydrological time series (30 years) from six rainfall stations and one stream flow stations were analysed. A methodology combining common statistical methods with hydrological modelling was adopted in order to distinguish between the effects of climate and land use change and to present probabilistic assessment of overtopping reliability of the selected earth-fill dam. It is important to ensure that extreme meteorologically induced flood rises do not exceed dam crest level. Considering climate change factor, intensity-duration-frequency curves of the catchment were updated. In addition, in consistency with the areal development plan, year of 2020 was targeted to evaluate the effect of land use changes on the generation of storm runoff. Accordingly, compared with current imperviousness it was found that the areal imperviousness will be increased up to 4.5 % by the year of 2030. Step-by-step procedures were carried out in tandem to evaluate the hydrological performance of the spillway capacity in light of an extreme storm event of PMP / PMF magnitude. The HEC-HMS was applied to transform the PMPs to PMFs and estimate the outflows and corresponding flood rises over the crest level for all durations. A conventional reservoir routing procedure with modified technique was then carried out for all PMP / PMF durations; i.e., 1 to 120 h. Three cases of different floods were performed where the last case represented the most severe flood on the dam reservoir. The simulations indicated that the flood rises for all durations were lower than the embankment crest level. Although results showed marginally adequate capacity to allow safe passage of flood water of PMP / PMF magnitude, the dam safety in hydrological aspect was assured.


2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Janssen ◽  
Stéphane Bec ◽  
Marc Fuhr ◽  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Jean-Jacques Brun ◽  
...  

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-114
Author(s):  
Ivan Bičík ◽  
Lucie Kupková

Land use changes in Prague urban region (the capitol - Prague, the Prague-East and the Prague-West districts) are evaluated in the article in the time period of 1845-2000 and that is done on the data basis of the land use structure in the years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. The evaluated time horizons are historical milestones in social development of Czechia, the stress is put on the last ten-year period of transformation. The LUCC Prague methodology was used for the evaluation of land use development. The intensity of occurred changes is analysed through the index of change, the typology of main landscape processes in individual partial phases of the evaluated period is analysed further. The cadastral territory of Čestlice was selected as a case study, in which the comparison ofland use structure in the years 1845 (reconstruction from cadastral maps) and 2003 (field mapping itself) was carried out in details.


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