Land Use Changes in the Czech Republic 1845 - 1995: Main Trends and Some Broader Consequences

The paper outlines the periodization of land use structural development on the Czech territory in between 1845 and 1995. It aims to demonstrate how does the land use structural changes reflect phases of the social, economic, and political development, as well as some ecological changes. Basic information on the research project on detailed long-term land use development are presented. Tables containing original data are included.

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Locked-in and living delta pathways in the Anthropocene

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76304-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria J. Santos ◽

Stefan C. Dekker

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Food Systems ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Human Populations ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Dynamic Coupling ◽

Land Use Development ◽

Social Components ◽

Past Land Use

Abstract Delta systems are fundamental to the persistence of large human populations, food systems and ecosystem processes. Structural changes in natural and social components of deltas, emerging from past land-use changes, have led deltas to become locked-in loosing the ability to transform back into living deltas, and making them more at risk. We propose a framework to assess whether deltas become locked-in by changes in natural or social infrastructure, by examining the dynamic coupling between population and land-use development over 300 years for 48 deltas globally. We find that 46% of the deltas are defined as living, where population, irrigation, and cropland are correlated. Of the 54% locked-in deltas, 21% show changes in natural infrastructure to cropland (n = 6) or irrigation (n = 4), and 33% (n = 16) show changes in social infrastructure. Most locked-in deltas are in Europe but also in other continents due to decoupled development of population and cropland. While, locked-in deltas due to changes in natural infrastructure have highest average risks, those with changes in social infrastructure and the living deltas have highest risks from future relative sea level rise. These results show that deltas have varying natural and social components derived from a 300 years historical perspective, which are not taken into account in risk assessments for global deltas.

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Transformation of the Slovak Cultural Landscape Since the 18th Cent. and its Recent Trends

Journal of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.2478/v10285-012-0018-z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 41-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Branislav Olah ◽

Martin Boltižiar ◽

Igor Gallay

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Industrial Construction ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Human Needs ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Land Use Development

Transformation of the Slovak Cultural Landscape Since the 18th Cent. and its Recent Trends The paper is focused on a long-term development of the selected Slovak cultural landscape types (plains, basins, uplands, highlands, and mountains) in approx. 200 years, which shaped the main land use features as well as on the recent transformation trends. The land use development analyses showed that from a long term view perspective several distinct periods can be distinguished. Each of these periods was characteristic for certain land use changes depending both on the landscape character or the socioeconomic situation. The recent trends as land use intensification (intense agriculture, sub-urbanisation, industrial construction) or land use extensification (agricultural land overgrowing) are considered to be common for the entire Slovak territory. Special transformation trends reflect more local conditions, human needs and preferences (construction of water reservoirs, wind calamities or tourism resorts) and though they are spatially isolated and small they influence the majority of Slovak inhabitants.

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The Long-Term Development of Water Bodies in the Context of Land Use: The Case of the Kyjovka and Trkmanka River Basins (Czech Republic)/ Dlouhodobý vývoj vodních ploch v povodí Kyjovky a Trkmanky v kontextu využití krajiny (Česká republika)

Moravian Geographical Reports ◽

10.1515/mgr-2014-0022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marek Havlíček ◽

Renata Pavelková ◽

Jindřich Frajer ◽

Hana Skokanová

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

World War Ii ◽

Czech Republic ◽

River Basin ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

River Basins ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Land Use Development

Abstract The long-term development of water bodies is investigated in this article using the cases of two river basins with similar natural conditions: the Kyjovka and Trkmanka River Basins in the Czech Republic. Using old topographic maps, land use development was assessed and the analysis of driving forces of land use changes was carried out. The essential land use changes in these areas are connected with the processes of agricultural intensification and urbanisation. The largest area of water bodies was recorded in both river basins in 1763. In the second half of the 19th century, the disappearance of most water bodies in the two basins was significantly affected by the above-mentioned driving forces. After World War II, some of the water bodies in the Kyjovka River Basin were restored and new ponds were established. In contrast, no significant water bodies were restored in the Trkmanka River Basin.

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Land use changes in suburban areas – case study of Lublin

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/49/2477 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Ferenc Mariola

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Space Structure ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Population Movements ◽

Suburban Areas ◽

The Social

The main reason to analyzing the space structure in the Lublin area is to determine the direction and pace of suburbanization in municipalities adjacent to Lublin, distinction factors and motives of population movements to the suburbs, complain rural-urban interaction and multifunctionality of land use. Housing development over the years was accompanied by confusion in planning documents and the law. Changes in regulations on land use in 1994 and 2003 in Poland additionally deepened the negative situation. Local authorities failed to control the spontaneous process of suburbanization, which adversely affected not only the spatial structure of municipalities, but also on local relationship, landscape, land use and the former urban systems. The result are long-term problems associated with incompatibility rural areas to support a growing number of residents, such as failure of the social and technical infrastructure.

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Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions: A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China

Land ◽

10.3390/land10030234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Dong Han ◽

Jiajun Qiao ◽

Qiankun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Rural Development ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Central China ◽

Rural Space ◽

Spatial Restructuring ◽

Local Actors ◽

The Impact

Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.

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Hedgerows and Enclosures in Rural Areas: Traditional vs. Modern Land Use in Mediterranean Mountains

Land ◽

10.3390/land10010057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Fernando Allende Álvarez ◽

Gillian Gómez-Mediavilla ◽

Nieves López-Estébanez ◽

Pedro Molina Holgado ◽

Judith Ares Barajas

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Main Role ◽

Land Uses ◽

Social Ecological ◽

The Social ◽

Mediterranean Mountains ◽

Agroforestry Practices

The present paper highlights the importance of hedgerows and enclosures in the mountains of Central Spain. Now, these landscapes have suffered profound variations in terms of agroforestry practices, especially in the Mediterranean mountains where the characteristic multifunctional has largely been lost. The article analyzes land uses changes, dynamics, and their morphological features between the first half of the 20th Century (1956) and the second decade of the present time (2019). The paper was divided into three sections. First, the identification of land uses using orthophotograph and aerial photograph; after that the info was checked with fieldwork. Eleven categories were identified according to the dominant use and land use changes and size of land parcels were taken into consideration. Second, the configuration and the information collected through the type and intensity of change in land uses made it possible to recognise and quantify their distribution and trend between these two dates. Also, the kernel density algorithm available in the Arcgis 10.5 software was used to obtain density and changes in land parcels. Finally, an overview is given of the main role that this agroforestry plays due to the social, ecological, and economic benefits that they provide for allowing sustainable development.

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The Phantom at The Opera

10.1017/9781009043731 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sidney Tarrow

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Political Development ◽

American Political Development ◽

Short Term ◽

The Social

Movements and parties have given rise to two largely separates specialties in the social sciences. This Element is an effort to link the two literatures, using evidence from American political development. It identifies five relational mechanisms governing movement/party relations: two of them short term, two intermediate term, and one long-term. It closes with a reflection on the role of movement/party relations in democratization and for democratic resilience.

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The MODIS Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product 2001–2018: Characteristics of Vegetation Fractional Cover in Grasslands and Savanna Woodlands

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12030406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. Hill ◽

Juan P. Guerschman

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Production Systems ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Additional Information ◽

Fractional Cover ◽

Grassland Type ◽

Global Vegetation ◽

Global Indicator

Vegetation Fractional Cover (VFC) is an important global indicator of land cover change, land use practice and landscape, and ecosystem function. In this study, we present the Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product (GVFCP) and explore the levels and trends in VFC across World Grassland Type (WGT) Ecoregions considering variation associated with Global Livestock Production Systems (GLPS). Long-term average levels and trends in fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (FPV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (FNPV), and bare soil (FBS) are mapped, and variation among GLPS types within WGT Divisions and Ecoregions is explored. Analysis also focused on the savanna-woodland WGT Formations. Many WGT Divisions showed wide variation in long-term average VFC and trends in VFC across GLPS types. Results showed large areas of many ecoregions experiencing significant positive and negative trends in VFC. East Africa, Patagonia, and the Mitchell Grasslands of Australia exhibited large areas of negative trends in FNPV and positive trends FBS. These trends may reflect interactions between extended drought, heavy livestock utilization, expanded agriculture, and other land use changes. Compared to previous studies, explicit measurement of FNPV revealed interesting additional information about vegetation cover and trends in many ecoregions. The Australian and Global products are available via the GEOGLAM RAPP (Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Rangeland and Pasture Productivity) website, and the scientific community is encouraged to utilize the data and contribute to improved validation.

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Satellite Imaging and Long-Term Mosquito Surveillance Implicate the Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Culex Vector Populations

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10090269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Eleanor N. Field ◽

Ryan E. Tokarz ◽

Ryan C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Management Practices ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Mosquito Surveillance

The ecology and environmental conditions of a habitat have profound influences on mosquito population abundance. As a result, mosquito species vary in their associations with particular habitat types, yet long-term studies showing how mosquito populations shift in a changing ecological landscape are lacking. To better understand how land use changes influence mosquito populations, we examined mosquito surveillance data over a thirty-four-year period for two contrasting sites in central Iowa. One site displayed increasing levels of urbanization over time and a dramatic decline in Culex pipiens group (an informal grouping of Culex restuans, Culex pipiens, and Culex salinarius, referred to as CPG), the primary vectors of West Nile virus in central Iowa. Similar effects were also shown for other mosquito vector populations, yet the abundance of Aedes vexans remained constant during the study period. This is in contrast to a second site, which reflected an established urban landscape. At this location, there were no significant changes in land use and CPG populations remained constant. Climate data (temperature, total precipitation) were compiled for each location to see if these changes could account for altered population dynamics, but neither significantly influence CPG abundance at the respective site locations. Taken together, our data suggest that increased landscape development can have negative impacts on Culex vector populations, and we argue that long-term surveillance paired with satellite imagery analysis are useful methods for measuring the impacts of rapid human development on mosquito vector communities. As a result, we believe that land use changes can have important implications for mosquito management practices, population modeling, and disease transmission dynamics.

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Relationships between landslides and land use changes in the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts, Shikoku, Japan

Abstracts of the ICA ◽

10.5194/ica-abs-1-203-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Roxanne Lai ◽

Takashi Oguchi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Landslide Susceptibility ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Land Abandonment ◽

Crystalline Schist ◽

Agricultural Abandonment ◽

Landslide Kinematics

Abstract. Changing land use is an increasingly important issue as human habits, behaviors, and needs change. There has been an increase in land and agricultural abandonment in some places of the world. In Japan, movement of the population from rural to urban areas have resulted in much land and agricultural abandonment. In 2016, a land ministry survey showed that 4.1 million hectares of land in Japan had unclear ownership, with farmland making up 16.9% of the total. As vegetation cover changes after land abandonment, this temporal and spatial effect may have important effects on geomorphic processes such as landslide susceptibility and landslide kinematics.Here we track long-term land use changes over vegetated landslide areas of the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts of Shikoku Island, Japan. The Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts are metamorphic belts that run across Southwest Japan, and are home to numerous large crystalline schist landslides, including the widely-studied slow but continuously moving Zentoku landslide. Villages and communities have been built on these landslide areas due to historical and cultural factors, as well as the fertility of the soil. Consequently, given the changing land uses including land abandonment in these landslide areas over time, we use long-term high-resolution land cover vegetation datasets to examine first the long-term land use changes, and then use statistical methods to explore their relationships with landslide susceptibility and kinematics. Mapping of spatial data and their analysis using GIS constitute a core part of the research. The results suggest interconnections between land use changes and land movement.

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