scholarly journals Potential of dredged bioremediated marine sediment for strawberry cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez-Nicolás ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Dámaris Núñez-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Font ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractFor the maintenance of the economic activity of the ports, it is necessary to dredge the marine sediments in order to guarantee their depth. These sediments, considered by European legislation as residues, present relevant limitations of use and generate environmental and economic problems concerning their final disposal. In this context, the present work aims to identify the phytoremediated dredged sediments potential as an alternative to the traditional substrate (peat) in horticultural growing through two-years controlled strawberry cultivation. The growing media mixes used were: (1) 100% peat (Pt) as a control substrate; (2) 100% dredged remediated sediment (DRS); (3) 50% each (Pt-DRS). The dredged sediment, plant drainage and strawberry plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, and fruits) were analyzed to mineral elements, heavy metal contents, and pesticide residues (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and specific fumigants) during the experimental period. Only seven (Mn, Fe, Zn, Mo, Al, Mn and Ni) of the twenty-two metals and two (nitrates and fluorene) of the six hundred-thirteen pesticides analyzed were detected in the strawberry fruits. In all the cases, values detected were under the Spanish and European legal limit. The suitability of strawberry fruits for fresh and/or processed consumption with no risk was confirmed. Based on the results, can be affirmed that the dredged remediated sediment can be used as a culture substrate, alone or mixed with other substrates. Additional researches should be carried out to confirm the sediment characteristics and compare with other substrates to improve the physical and chemical properties.

THE EFFECT OF WATER EROSION ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RIDEAU CLAY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bourget ◽  
A. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Cropping Practices ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Loss of topsoil was appreciable where corn was grown up and down the slope regardless of manuring, but control of erosion was excellent where a rotation was followed that included a soil improving crop such as alfalfa. Cropping practices influenced the physical characteristics of the soil, in particular the quantity of water stable aggregates. Stable aggregates greater than 0.5 millimeter were highest in the alfalfa and lowest in the corn plots.The organic matter and nitrogen contents of continuous corn plots decreased with time. On the other hand, these constituents were at least maintained where a rotation was followed and were increased in a continuous alfalfa plot. Sodium bicarbonate soluble phosphorus decreased during the experimental period regardless of management. However, erosion had no marked effect on the exchange properties of the soil.

Ratios of strontium-85 to cations for crops and soils of Greece

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
C. G. Apostolakis ◽  
V. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
P. Kritidis
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SummaryIn a glasshouse pot experiment in Athens, Greece in 1989, 85Sr to calcium observed ratios (OR) based on the values of exchangeable Ca instead of soil Ca (ORexCa), were determined for crops or plant parts grown in eight soils widely differing in their physical and chemical properties. Compared to the values of concentration ratio (CRs) the values of ORexCa did not show as wide variation with the soil type. They were relatively constant and usually not related to soil properties. The ORexCa values were essentially the same as OR values for the non-calcareous soils and much smaller than the OR values for calcareous soils, considering as soil Ca in the calculation of OR, the sum exchangeable, watersoluble and CaCO3 Ca.The values of 85Sr/Ca + Mg observed ratios (ORexCaMg) were just as good as the ORexCa values, while those of 85Sr/Ca + Mg + K + Na (ORex bases) showed more variation.Highly significant (P <0·01) correlations were observed between the fractions of the observed ratios ORexCa, ORexCaMg and ORex bases, for each crop or plant part tested.

scholarly journals Application of Enzyme for Bleaching of Wheat Straw AQ-Soda Pulp

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghafoor A ◽  
Cheema K. J. ◽  
Yaqoob N. ◽  
Rehman I.Ur- ◽  
Said A
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Soda Pulp ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Toxic Load ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pulp and paper industry is one of the major contributors to environmental pollution due to its toxic and carcinogenic discharges during its various processes e.g., chlorinated bleaching of the pulp. Use of alternative bleaching chemicals e.g., enzyme and/or elemental chlorine free (ECF) or total chlorine free (TCF) agents are the best option to reduce the load of carcinogenic chlorinated compounds on our environment. Present study was carried out to highlight the application of enzyme during bleaching of wheat straw anthraquinon (AQ)-soda pulp to considerably reduce the toxic load on the environment. Wheat straw AQ-soda pulp was treated with acid (A) to reduce its metal contents followed by oxygen (O) delignification. Delignified pulp was then subjected to enzymatic (X) treatment with xylanase prior to bleaching to increase the effectiveness of successive bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P). Handsheets were prepared from the treated pulp after each experimental trial to study its various optical, physical and chemical properties. Brightness of bleached pulp was improved up to ISO 73% with AOXP1P2 bleaching sequence. The improved brightness up to ISO 76% was achieved when alkali extraction stage was incorporated before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (AOXEP1P2). TDS, COD and BOD5 of effluent samples during different experimental stages was monitored and compared with NEQS. It was evident from the results that enzymatic treatment not only helped to reduce the effluent load but also reduced the consumption of bleaching chemicals to achieve good brightness values.

The effect of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition on the content of selected mineral elements, carotenes, and antioxidant potential in alginate gel beads

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Duliński ◽  
Łukasz Byczyński ◽  
Adrian Karbowski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Respective Control ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractAlginate, a heteropolysaccharide extracted from brown algae Laminaria digitata, has non-toxic status and good physical and chemical properties, was used in this study for encapsulation of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Results indicated that adding A. platensis to alginate beads increased the level of mineral elements: magnesium by 55–60 mg/kg, iron by 38–40 mg/kg, and iodine by 88–107 μg/kg, as compared to respective control samples without microalgae addition. Adding A. platensis within alginate beads resulted in an increased antioxidative potential and consequent higher inhibition of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by 15–25% compared to the respective control alginate beads. Finally, the content of beta-carotene in alginate beads fortified with A. platensis biomass amounts on average to 51 μg/g. Due to their health-promoting potential, alginate beads enriched with A. platensis biomass can, therefore, be used as a functional ingredient in the nutraceutical sector.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1989 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
S. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A review is presented of some physical and chemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are relevant for interpreting various aspects of observations and speculations on PAHs in the interstellar medium. The subjects discussed are: the stability and reactivity of neutral and ionic PAHs; the spectroscopy and photophysics of neutral and monocationic PAHs; the photostabilities of PAH monocations and dications and their astrophysical implications.

scholarly journals Prediction of physico-chemical properties for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on electronic characteristics of molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Dolomatov ◽  
◽  
Natalia H. Paymurzina ◽  
Ella A. Kovaleva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ionization Potentials ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Electron Affinities ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

QSPR models have been developed to predict of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on quantum chemical and integral spectroscopic descriptors. The first ionization potentials calculated from the energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), relative autocorrelation empirical parameters and the total number of electrons of non-ionized molecules were used as quantum chemical descriptors. Ionization potentials, electron affinities, boiling points, molecular masses, saturation vapor pressure of PAHs were studied as physical-chemical properties. Ionization potentials and electron affinities (IPs and EAs) are calculated by the use of density functional theory (DFT). Relative empirical autocorrelation parameters µ were calculated from the spectra of PAH molecules experimentally obtained and taken from the databases. The predictive power of resulting model is demonstrated by testing it on unseen data that were not used during model generation. Coefficients of determination for all dependencies considered in this paper are not less than 0.95. To assess the reliability for coefficients of determination, their mean errors were calculated. In this paper, we compared theoretical (experimental) and model-calculated values. Relative errors were estimated: for the electron donating ability of PAHs is 1.11% (for IP) and 0.86% (for EA); at about 3.1% for boiling points; not more than 0.51% for molar mass, for saturated vapor pressure, the error is more significant, which is apparently due to the difficulties of determining this value. The obtained models make it possible to estimate physical and chemical properties with sufficient accuracy for practical applications. The research results can be practically used in petrochemistry, carbon chemistry, organic chemistry, for prediction of physical and chemical properties PAH molecules.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 545-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Omont
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Interstellar Molecules ◽  
Aromatic Molecules ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There is substantial evidence of the presence of polycyclic aromatic molecules, mainly hydrocarbons (PAH's) in the interstellar medium (Léger and Puget, 1984, Allamandola et al. 1985, Léger and d'Hendecourt in these proceedings). They should contain typically NC = 20–100 carbon atoms, and they can contain perhaps 1–10% of the total interstellar carbon. I have recently discussed in detail their physical and chemical properties (Omont, 1986), which should be intermediate between that of conventional interstellar molecules and grains.

Correlate the Toxicity of PAHs with Physical and Chemical Propertie QSAR Descriptors by PCR Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Li ◽  
Xiao Peng Li ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Simulation Efficiency ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) was used to correlate eleven physical and chemical properties (GTCi, Vc, BP, MP, Hf, Tc, Pc, MW, MV, logKOWand logKOC) with toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A multi-parameter regression model was conducted to simulate the toxicity of PAHs after minimization of the multicollinearity among the ion characteristics using principal component regression (PCR). The toxicity of PAHs increased with the positively correlated variables including GTCi, Vc, BP, MW, MV, logKOWand logKOC. The regression model provided the high simulate ability, with Nash-Suttcliffe simulation efficiency coefficients (NSC) of 0.89 for the modeling. The model may be successfully employed to predict the toxicity of PAHs and be used for further analysis.

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