A cross-specific multiplicative binomial recursive model for the analysis of perinatal mortality in a diallel cross among three varieties of Iberian pig

AbstractPerinatal piglet mortality is an important factor in pig production from economic and animal welfare perspectives; however, the statistical analysis of mortality is difficult because of its categorical nature. Recent studies have suggested that a binomial model for the survival of each specific piglet with a logit approach is appropriate and that recursive relationships between traits are useful for taking into account non-genetic relationships with other traits. In this study, the recursive binomial model is expanded in two directions: (1) the recursive phenotypic dependence among traits is allowed to vary among groups of individuals or crosses, and (2) the binomial distribution is replaced by the multiplicative binomial distribution to account for over or underdispersion. In this study, five recursive multiplicative binomial models were used to obtain estimates of the Dickerson crossbreeding parameters in a diallel cross among three varieties of Iberian pigs [Entrepelado (EE), Torbiscal (TT), and Retinto (RR)]. Records (10,255) from 2110 sows were distributed as follows: EE (433 records, 100 sows), ER (2336, 527), ET (942, 177), RE (806, 196), RR (870, 175), RT (2450, 488), TE (193, 36), TR (1993, 359), and TT (232, 68). Average litter size [Total Number Born (TNB)] and number of stillborns (SB) were 8.46 ± 2.27 and 0.25 ± 0.72, respectively. The overdispersion was evident with all models. The model with the best fit included a linear recursive relationship between TNB and the logit of $$\phi$$ ϕ of the multiplicative binomial distribution, and it implies that piglet mortality increases with litter size. Estimates of direct effects showed small differences among populations. The analysis of maternal effects indicated that the dams whose mothers were EE had a larger SB, while dams with RR mothers reduced the probability of born dead. The posterior estimates of heterosis suggested a reduction in SB when the sow is crosbred. The multiplicative binomial distribution provides a useful alternative to the binomial distribution when there is overdispersion in the data. Recursive models can be used for modeling non-genetic relationships between traits, even if the phenotypic dependency between traits varies among environments or groups of individuals. Piglet perinatal mortality increased with TNB and is reduced by maternal heterosis.

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Genetic parameters and direct, maternal and heterosis effects on litter size in a diallel cross among three commercial varieties of Iberian pig

animal ◽

10.1017/s1751731119001125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2765-2772 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.L. Noguera ◽

N. Ibáñez-Escriche ◽

J. Casellas ◽

J.P. Rosas ◽

L. Varona

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Iberian Pig

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Duroc boars have lower progeny mortality and lower fertility than Pietrain boars1

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 885-892

Author(s):

Marie Louise M Pedersen ◽

Ingela H Velander ◽

Mai Britt F Nielsen ◽

Nils Lundeheim ◽

Bjarne Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Suckling Period ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Slaughter Pigs ◽

Lower Fertility ◽

The Mean ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Terminal Sire ◽

Size At Birth

Abstract In pig production, Pietrain and Duroc lines are often used as terminal sire lines to produce crossbred slaughter pigs. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in paternal fertility and mortality during the suckling period of crossbred progeny from Pietrain and Duroc terminal sire lines. In total, 87 purebred Duroc boars and 68 purebred Pietrain boars were used as terminal sires to produce 1,823 crossbred Duroc litters (D-litters) and 1,705 crossbred Pietrain litters (P-litters) in two production herds. The sows were crosses between DanBred Landrace and Yorkshire (F1). All boars were kept at the same artificial insemination (AI) station, and all semen doses were produced in the same laboratory. The experiment was balanced according to herd, boars, and time, with approximately 13 sows from each herd mated to each boar within each breed. The results showed higher fertility expressed as litter size at birth in P-litters compared with D-litters led to 0.5 higher total number born (TNB) for P-litters (P = 0.0076). However, piglet mortality including number of stillborn piglets was lower in D-litters compared with P-litters (P < 0.0001), and 5 d after farrowing, the average litter size in P-litters ranged 0.4 below the litter size in D-litters (P < 0.027). At 21 d after birth, mean litter size in P- and D-litters were 14.5 and 14.9 piglets per litter, respectively (P < 0.015). This indicated that Pietrain progenies were weaker than Duroc progenies, and it was concluded that use of Duroc boars as the terminal sire line led to lower piglet mortality. In the two herds, the mean piglet mortality rate including still born piglets ranged from 19.5% to 23.6% and from 17.6% to 19.1% in P- and D-litters, respectively.

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REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND SEX RATIOS OF SNOWSHOE HARES IN NORTHERN ALBERTA

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z56-041 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wm. Rowan ◽

L. B. Keith

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Comparable Data ◽

Snowshoe Hares ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Two Factors ◽

Northern Alberta

In conjunction with studies of the "10-year cycle" of snowshoe hares, almost 900 hares were collected in the Anzac district of Alberta during the period May, 1949, to April, 1956. Embryo numbers and sex ratios were among the data gathered from post-mortem examinations of these hares. It was found that the average litter size was 3.82; the modal litter size was four and the range was from one to seven. The average number of litters each season was calculated at 2.75. The annual reproductive potential is thus 10.51 (3.82 × 2.75) young per female hare. This is more than 50% greater than that indicated by comparable data from Minnesota. It is suggested that herein lies the cause of higher peak populations in northern regions. Sex ratios shifted from a marked excess of females in the year 1949–1950 to about even numbers of both sexes during the two subsequent years. Since the change in sex ratio occurred at the peak of the cycle, the two factors are believed to be in some manner correlated.

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Development of a Strain of Rabbits with Congenital Simple Nonsyndromic Coronal Suture Synostosis Part I: Breeding Demographics, Inheritance Pattern, and Craniofacial Anomalies

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1994_031_0001_doasor_2.3.co_2 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mark P. Mooney ◽

H. Losken Wolfgang ◽

Michael I. Siegel ◽

Janice F. Lalikos ◽

Albert Losken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Pedigree Analysis ◽

Human Populations ◽

Incomplete Penetrance ◽

Coronal Suture ◽

Inheritance Pattern ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Midfacial Hypoplasia ◽

Congenital Condition

The lack of an animal model of congenital coronal suture (CS) synostosis has prompted the widespread use of an experimental rabbit model using adhesive Immobilization of the CS. Such postnatal models have helped make significant scientific contributions but may still not fully represent all aspects of the human congenital condition. In the March 1993 issue of The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal we reported a female rabbit born in our laboratory with complete bilateral CS synostosis. This follow-up study presents our attempts to breed this animal and establish a strain of cranlosynostotic rabbits. To date, we have accomplished 10 back- and intercrosses with these animals and have produced a total of 71 live offspring; 10 animals exhibited complete nonsyndromic unilateral (plagiocephalic) or bilateral (brachycephalic) CS synostotic deformities at birth, and 19 animals exhibited partial CS synostosis that showed more than 75% growth retardation across the CS (well below the 95% confidence interval for normals). Results revealed that gestational time and litter size averages were consistent with those reported for the strain, although the average litter size decreased with increased inbreeding. By 1.5 weeks of age the completely synostosed animals already exhibited brachycephalic cranial vaults and midfacial hypoplasia compared to unaffected siblings. Initial pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The development of such a congenital rabbit model may prove useful In helping to understand the etiopathogenesis of this condition In human populations.

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Inbreeding depression load for litter size in Entrepelado and Retinto Iberian pig varieties1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (5) ◽

pp. 1979-1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joaquim Casellas ◽

Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche ◽

Luis Varona ◽

Juan P Rosas ◽

Jose L Noguera

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Iberian Pig

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Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance by Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis between Close Domestic and Wild Environments

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9110750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

María Gil Molino ◽

Alfredo García ◽

Sofía Gabriela Zurita ◽

Francisco Eduardo Martín-Cano ◽

Waldo García-Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Reference Method ◽

Swine Production ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Pork Industry ◽

Class 1 ◽

Southwest Region ◽

Iberian Pig

The Salmonellaenterica serovar Choleraesuis affects domestic pig and wild boar (WB), causing clinical salmonellosis. Iberian swine production is based on a free-range production system where WB and Iberian pig (IP) share ecosystems. This study focuses on the negative impact on the pork industry of infections due to this serotype, its role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and its zoonotic potential. Antibiotic resistance (AR) and genetic relationships were analyzed among 20 strains of S. Choleraesuis isolated from diseased WB and IP sampled in the southwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. AR was studied using the Kirby–Bauer method with the exception of colistin resistance, which was measured using the broth microdilution reference method. Resistance and Class 1 integrase genes were measured using PCR, and the genetic relationship between isolates and plasmid content by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The results show a higher incidence of AR in isolates from IP. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven profiles with two groups containing isolates from IP and WB, which indicates circulation of the same clone between species. Most pulsotypes presented with one plasmid of the same size, indicating vertical transmission. AR determinants blaTEM and tetA were routinely found in IP and WB, respectively. One isolate from IP expressed colistin resistance and presented the mcr-1 gene carried by a plasmid. This study suggests that S. Choleraesuis circulates between WB and IP living in proximity, and also that the mobilization of AR genes by plasmids is low. Furthermore, the detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in bacteria from IP is alarming and should be monitored.

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A two-diet system and ad libitum lactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800014661 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 349-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Neil ◽

B. Ogle

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Litter Size ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feeding Regime ◽

Conventional Diet ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Treatment Mortality

AbstractSixty gilts were allotted to one of the following feeding regimes: CR, a conventional diet offered at a restricted level according to Swedish feeding standards; SA, a simplified gestation diet (mainly oats and barley) offered at a restricted level and a conventional diet offered ad libitum during lactation; CA, a conventional gestation diet offered at a restricted level and the same diet offered ad libitum during lactation. The sows were followed for four parities. Piglet birth weight was unaffected by sow feeding, but differences in piglet live weight were found from 3 weeks of age to the end of the experiment when the piglets were 9 weeks old. CA piglets were heavier than SA piglets at 3 and 9 weeks of age and heavier than both CR and SA piglets at weaning (35 ± 3 days). Litter size was unaffected by treatment as was piglet mortality, whereas the cause of death varied with treatment. Mortality due to trauma was higher among CA piglets than among others, while mortality due to weakness was higher among SA piglets than others and there was also a tendency for higher mortality due to diarrhoea among CR piglets. It was concluded that the CA feeding regime was superior with regards to piglet performance.

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A note on ovulation rate and embryonic survival in D'man ewes

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100025071 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 227-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Lahlou-Kassi ◽

M. Marie

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Ovulation Rate ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Embryonic Survival ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Simultaneous Activity

ABSTRACTThe elements of prolificacy have been analysed for the D'man sheep, a prolific Moroccan breed, by laparotomy on 38 animals. The average ovulation rate was 2·50 (s.e.0·45); a slight difference was observed between nulliparous and multiparous ewes due to high simultaneous activity by both ovaries in the latter group. Embryonic survival (42% overall) was 94% (87 to 100%) for multiparous and 44% (36 to 52%) for the nulliparous ewes at one ovulation, decreasing with increasing numbers of corpora lutea. The average litter size showed an optimum at four ovulations.

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Production systems of swine in the rural areas of Rangamati and Khagrachari districts of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10787 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

ME Hossain ◽

S Chakma ◽

MM Khatun ◽

M Hasanuzzaman ◽

MY Miah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Litter Size ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Pig Production ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

The Mean

The study was undertaken for a period of 60 days to investigate the production systems of swine in Rangamati and Khagrachari districts, Bangladesh. Production systems, particularly housing, feeding, breeding, disease prevalence, vaccination, bio-security, marketing, socio-economic condition and constraints of pig production were investigated during the study period. It was found that the propensity of rearing pig differed significantly (P<0.01) among the pig owners. Pigs were reared mostly by poor and landless peoples (54.7%) followed by marginal (32.1%), medium (9.4%) and large (3.8%). Rearing systems were also different (P<0.01) and the mean figures were 43.4% for free range, 24.5% for tin shed housing , 20.8% for fencing and 11.3% for girth tethering systems. The average litter size, birth weight, post-weaning weight and weaning period were 9.3, 1.72 kg, 9.0 kg and 40.8 days respectively. Prevalence of diseases differed (P<0.01) and most prevalent diseases were diarrhea (35.8%), coccidiosis (20.8%), pneumonia (17.0%) and hemorrhagic septicemia (13.2%). The economic benefits generated from farming were selling of piglets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10787Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 28-33

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A note on the effect of white-flowered peas on sow reproductive performance

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100006280 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 155-158

Author(s):

R. B. Ogle ◽

K. Annér

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Live Weight ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Natal Mortality ◽

Soya Bean Meal ◽

Size At Birth

The effect on sow reproductive performance of including 100 g white-flowered peas (Pisum sativum hortense, cv. Vreta and Lotta) per kg, replacing barley, wheat and soya-bean meal in gestation and lactation diets, was studied over four parities using 24 pairs of crossbred littermate sows. Net sow weight gains and changes in backfat thickness over the complete reproductive cycle were similar for both treatments. Piglet live-weight gains and mean litter size at birth were not influenced by treatment, although litter size at weaning was 0·5 pigs higher (P > 0·05) for the control sows, due to higher post-natal mortality rate in the litters from the sows given the pea diets. It can be concluded that inclusion of white-flowered peas at a rate of 100 g/kg had no adverse effect on reproductive performance, with the exception of slightly higher post-natal piglet mortality.

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