scholarly journals Production systems of swine in the rural areas of Rangamati and Khagrachari districts of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
S Chakma ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
MY Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Mean

The study was undertaken for a period of 60 days to investigate the production systems of swine in Rangamati and Khagrachari districts, Bangladesh. Production systems, particularly housing, feeding, breeding, disease prevalence, vaccination, bio-security, marketing, socio-economic condition and constraints of pig production were investigated during the study period. It was found that the propensity of rearing pig differed significantly (P<0.01) among the pig owners. Pigs were reared mostly by poor and landless peoples (54.7%) followed by marginal (32.1%), medium (9.4%) and large (3.8%). Rearing systems were also different (P<0.01) and the mean figures were 43.4% for free range, 24.5% for tin shed housing , 20.8% for fencing and 11.3% for girth tethering systems. The average litter size, birth weight, post-weaning weight and weaning period were 9.3, 1.72 kg, 9.0 kg and 40.8 days respectively. Prevalence of diseases differed (P<0.01) and most prevalent diseases were diarrhea (35.8%), coccidiosis (20.8%), pneumonia (17.0%) and hemorrhagic septicemia (13.2%). The economic benefits generated from farming were selling of piglets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10787Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 28-33

scholarly journals Pedigree and Molecular Analyses in the Assessment of Genetic Variability of the Polish Greyhound

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Goleman ◽  
Ireneusz Balicki ◽  
Anna Radko ◽  
Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska ◽  
Grzegorz Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Kinship Matrix ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to assess the genetic variability of the Polish Greyhound population based on pedigree analysis and molecular DNA testing and to determine the degree of relatedness among individuals in the population. Pedigree data of 912 Polish Greyhounds recorded in pedigree books since they were opened for this breed were analyzed. For molecular testing, DNA was obtained from cheek swabs taken from 235 dogs of the tested breed. A panel of 21 markers (Short Tandem Repeat—STR) was used. The mean inbreeding determined for the Polish Greyhound population based on pedigree analyses was low and amounted to 11.8%, but as many as 872 individuals of the 912 dogs in the studied population were inbred. A total of 83 founders (at least one unknown parent) were identified, among which 27 founders had both unknown parents. Full-sibling groups consisted of 130 individuals, with a minimum and maximum litter size of 2 and 16, respectively. The average litter size was 5.969. Gene diversity calculated based on the mean kinship matrix was 0.862 and the population mean kinship was 0.138. The founder genome equivalent based on the mean kinship matrix was 3.61; the founder genome surviving level was 12.34; the mean Ne was estimated at 21.76; and the Ne/N ratio was 0.135. The FIS inbreeding coefficient for 21 STR was negative, and the mean FIS value for all loci had a low negative value (−0.018). These values suggest a low level of inbreeding in the examined breed as well as the avoidance of mating related animals.

scholarly journals Niğde İlinde Yetiştirilen Akkaraman Irkı Koyunların Bazı Döl Verim Özellikleri ve Kuzuların Büyüme Performansı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Ayhan Ceyhan ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu ◽  
Mustafa Duman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Birth Type ◽  
Lambing Rate

In this study, growth performance of Akkaraman lambs and some fertility parameters of Akkaraman sheep raised in semi extensive farm conditions were investigated. A total of 6300 heads Akkaraman ewes (6000 ewes and 300 rams) housed in 34 farms located in central villages of Niğde province were evaluated between 2012 and 2016. The data of birth weight of 30161 lambs, body weight of 29517 lambs aged 90 days old and some fertility parameters of 30000 heads ewes were used. The average lambing rate of ewes was found 90.1%. The twining rate of ewes was 20.8%; the average litter size was 1.12 lambs. Birth weights of Akkaraman sheep lambs was 4.23 kg, average 90th day live weights were 23.05 kg. Effects of year, birth type, dam age, and sex were found statistically significant on birth and 90-day live weights of the Akkaraman lambs. As a result, it was concluded that the fertility of Akkaraman sheep and growth characteristics of lambs raised by public under semi-extensive conditions could be improved and the economic situation of sheep farms could be better by the implementation such improvement project.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characteristics Of Indigenous Sheep Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pervage ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MAI Talukder ◽  
MN Hasan ◽  
MAMY Khandoker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Better Than

This experiment was undertaken to know the phenotypic characteristics of native sheep. The study was conducted to investigate morphometric characters of sheep in three different field sites (Naogaon, Noakhali and Tangail) and Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) nucleus flock through close observation, measuring and record keeping. Characteristics of body weight, body length, heart girth, wither height, fore leg length, hind leg length, head length, ear length, ear width, horn length etc were collected from mature sheep. The results indicate that the average litter size, birth weight, weaning weight and body weight gain were comparatively higher in sheep of BLRI nucleus flock than those of other three regions. The average numbers of service/conception, post partum heat period (days), age at first heat (days), age at first lambing (days), lambing interval (days) were 1.30, 34.13, 266.50, 432.72, 192.17 respectively in BLRI nucleus flock which were comparatively better than the other three regions. The average litter size, birth weight (kg), weaning weight (kg) and body weight gain (g) in nucleus flock were 1.80, 1.19, 6.74 and 60.70 consequently. The overall performance of the sheep of BLRI nucleus flock were comparatively better than the others which may be due to the result of selective breeding, improve feeding, housing, health management etc. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9906 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 1-6

Productivity of three crossbred ewe types mated naturally at 8-monthly intervals over two years

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
WR Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
F Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Lambing Rate

Productivity is reported for 175 Booroola MerinoxPoll Dorset (BD), 288 Trangie Fertility MerinoxPoll Dorset (TD) and 248 Border LeicesterxMerino (BLM) ewes joined three times (February, October and June) in 2 years. Overall joining in February resulted in higher performances (153�3% lambs born, 118�3% lambs weaned, 24.7�0.6 kg weight of lamb weaned, per ewe joined) than were obtained following October and June joinings (129�4% born, 93�3% weaned, 15.3�0.5 kg weight weaned per ewe joined). The mean number of lambings per year was 1.28�0.02 with an annual lambing rate of 211�4% lambs born and 160�3% lambs weaned. For lambs born, BD ewes were consistently higher than the other ewes, with BLM ewes having fewer lambs born from October and June joinings (P < 0.01). From the October joining, TD ewes had a higher weaning rate than BD ewes which were higher than BLM ewes (P < 0.01), but ewe type was not significant for the other two joinings. Over the three joinings there were no differences between the ewe types in the number of lambings per year or percentage of lambs weaned, but BD had more lambs born (239� 7%) than TD (212�5%) and BLM (181�5%). Analyses of the components of reproduction that contributed to overall lamb production showed that although more than 95% of ewes expressed oestrus in each season, fertility and litter size were higher from the February joining, while lamb survival was lower following the June joining. Ewe crossbred type was significant (P < 0.01) for litter size in all seasons. Litter size for BD ewes was 1.9 to 2.0, and for TD ewes was 1.6 to 1.7 at all seasons, while that for BLM ewes was 1.7 from February and 1.2 and 1.4 from October and June joinings respectively. The effects of ewe liveweight at joining and liveweight gain over joining were variable over the three joinings, but were generally small. BD ewes carrying the F gene tended to have a higher percentage of lambs born and lower percentage of lambs weaned than non-carriers. There was also a decline in lamb production, especially fertility and lamb survival, with ewe age among BD and TD ewes. Implications for production systems in the lamb industry are discussed.

EFFECT OF PRE-COPULATORY TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Spondias mombin ON GESTATIONAL CHARACSTERISTICS OF RABBITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. A. OLOYE ◽  
N. OBI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
And Control

Fifteen plurigravida rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.6 kg were used for the study of gestational characteristics after pre-copulatory oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin. The fifteen does were divided into three groups of five does per group. Four untreated reproductively proven bucks kept separately in different cages were used for copulation. Dosages administered were 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg for groups A and B respectively while distilled water was served to control group C. Mating, pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasound and determination of birth parameters were conducted subsequently at the end of extract treatment. Average litter size,birth weight and gestation length observed in all dosage groups had statistically similar values (p≥0.05).However, it is worth noting the relatively higher values of average litter size in 800mg/kg dosage group and control (5.60±0.40) compared to 400mg/kg group (5.40±0.75) and the highest birth weight value recorded for 800mg/kg (46.63±3.55) compared to 400mg\kg group (45.30±3.22) and control (42.38±3.74). It was concluded that pre-copulatory administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin at dosages as high as 800mg/kg to rabbit does not have deleterious effect on its prolificacy and does have pro-fertility tendencies.        

Late pregnancy ewe feeding and lamb performance in early life. 2. Factors associated with perinatal lamb mortality

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Khalaf ◽  
D. L. Doxey ◽  
J. T. Baxter ◽  
W. J. M. Black ◽  
J. FitzSimons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Average Litter Size

ABSTRACTSome factors affecting perinatal lamb mortality were studied with 63 Finn × Dorset Horn ewes and 85 Scottish Half bred and Greyface ewes, having an average litter size of 2·26. Total perinatal lamb mortality averaged 29 % of which 44% were stillborn, 1 % attributed to dystocia, 35 % died between birth and 48 h of age, 14 % from 48 h to 10 days, and 5 % after 10 days.For the Finn × Dorset ewes, the 41 viable twin lambs weighed at birth 3·47 kg and 12 twin lambs which did not survive weighed 2·51 kg. Triplet weights were: viable 2·98 kg (34 lambs) and nonsurviving 2·00 kg (14). Quadruplet weights were: viable 2·79 kg (12) and non-surviving 1·90 kg (16). Quintuplet and sextuplet weights were: viable 2·45 kg (2) and non-surviving 1·35 kg (14).In the aggregated Halfbred and Greyface breeds, viable twin lambs weighed 4·5 kg at birth (91) and non-surviving 3·64 kg (11). Viable triplets weighed 3·77 kg (23) and non-surviving 2·68 kg (16).Serum gamma-globulin and total serum protein values were lower in the lambs which failed to survive, and this was particularly marked with triplets. Fractionating the gamma-globulins (IgG) indicated that IgGi was particularly low in non-viable lambs.Litter size, lamb birth weight, and colostrum intake by the lamb had important effects on perinatal lamb mortality.

scholarly journals Neonatal mid upper arm circumference as surrogate of birth weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Ankit Agrawal ◽  
Ajay Gaur ◽  
Ravi Ambey
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Background: Recording an accurate birth weight by primary health worker has been a problem in rural areas, leading to search for an alternative, inexpensive, age independent and noninvasive method to predict newborn birth weight and wellbeing. With this background I aimed to found out whether the neonatal-MUAC is associated with birth weight or not?Methods: This hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in SNCU and postnatal ward, Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R. Medical College, and Gwalior (M.P). A total of 1303 newborns were included in the study. The Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of newborns were taken and Birth weight recorded were filled in a proforma.Results: Total 1303 neonates were evaluated. The mean MUAC and birth weight in preterm was found to be 1854.80±387.3 and 7.47±0.9 as compared to full term newborn having mean birth weight(2818.95±328.1) and mean MUAC (9.58+0.7).The Pearson coefficient of correlation between neonatal MUAC (N-MUAC) and birth weight was found to be r= 0.987 and p<0.01. Birth weight can be predicted from regression equation: Birth weight (gms)=422.99 (N-MUAC) + (-1272.66). Cut-off value of neonatal mid upper arm circumference (N-MUAC) was found to be 8.85cm to predict low birth weight newborn.Conclusions: Birth weight of newborn can be predicted from neonatal mid upper arm circumference (N-MUAC) in areas where the conventional scale are not easily available for measuring the birth weight of newborn.

scholarly journals Short-term storage of semen samples in acidic extender increases the proportion of females in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo-Jin Park ◽  
Dong-Ha Shin ◽  
Won-Ki Pang ◽  
Do-Yeal Ryu ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Abstract Background Sex preselection is a desired goal of the animal industry to improve production efficiency, depending on industry demand. In the porcine industry, there is a general preference for pork from female and surgically castrated male pigs. Therefore, the birth of more females than males in a litter leads to economic benefits and improved animal welfare in the pig production industry. Our previous study suggested that the porcine semen extender (BTS) adjusted to pH 6.2 maximises the differences in viability between X-chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and Y-chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without affecting sperm’s functional parameters. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether the pH 6.2 extender is applicable at the farm level for increasing the number of female piglets without a decline in spermatozoa fertility. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out with spermatozoa stored at pH 6.2 and pH 7.2 (original BTS) at day 1 and day 2 of storage. Next, the functional parameters of the spermatozoa, litter size, farrowing rate, and female-to-male ratio of offspring were determined. Results Although sperm motility decreased significantly after 2 d of storage, the viability of spermatozoa was preserved at pH 6.2 for 3 d. There was no significant difference in the farrowing rate and average litter size between the group inseminated with the spermatozoa stored in (pH 7.2) and that inseminated with spermatozoa stored in acidic BTS. The percentage of female piglets was approximately 1.5-fold higher in sows inseminated on day 1 in the pH 6.2 than in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, although there was no significant difference in the female-to-male ratio, the percentage of female piglets born was slightly higher in the pH 6.2 group than in the pH 7.2 group on day 2. Conclusions The method optimised in our study is simple, economical, and may enhance the number of female births without any decline in spermatozoa fertility.

scholarly journals Population validation of reproductive gene mutation loci and association with the litter size in Nubian goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Sanbao Zhang ◽  
Xiaotong Gao ◽  
Yuhang Jiang ◽  
Yujian Shen ◽  
Hongyue Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Component Trait ◽  
Haplotype Blocks ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Candidate Loci ◽  
Molecular Indicators

Abstract. Litter size is an important component trait of doe reproduction. By improving it, production efficiency and economic benefits can be significantly provided. Genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on proven molecular indicators could enhance the efficacy of goat selection, as well as litter size trait. Many molecular markers have been identified that they can be used to improve litter size in different goat breeds. However, the presence and value of these markers vary among goat breeds. In the present study, we used the reported loci on other breeds of goat as candidate loci to detect whether these loci appear in this Nubian goat population; then we proceed to genotype and detect surrounding loci (50 bp) by multiplex PCR and sequencing technology. As a result, 69 mutations (59 SNPs and 10 indels) were screened out from 23 candidate genes in Nubian goat population, 12 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of first-parity individuals; 5 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of second-parity individuals; 3 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of third-parity individuals. In addition, five loci were significantly associated with the average litter size. The additive effect value of KITLG: g.18047318 G>A in first parity, KITLG: g.18152042G>A in third parity, KISS-1: g.1341674 C>G in first parity, and GHR: g.32134187G>A in second parity exceed more than 0.40, and the preponderant alleles are G, C, A and G, respectively. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis of 21 mutation loci shows that 3 haplotype blocks are formed, and the litter size of combination type AACC in KISS-1 gene and AAGG in KITLG gene are significantly lower than that of other combinations genotype in first parity (P<0.05). These findings can provide effective candidate DNA markers for selecting superior individuals in Nubian goat breeding.

scholarly journals Duroc boars have lower progeny mortality and lower fertility than Pietrain boars1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 885-892
Author(s):  
Marie Louise M Pedersen ◽  
Ingela H Velander ◽  
Mai Britt F Nielsen ◽  
Nils Lundeheim ◽  
Bjarne Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Size At Birth

Abstract In pig production, Pietrain and Duroc lines are often used as terminal sire lines to produce crossbred slaughter pigs. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in paternal fertility and mortality during the suckling period of crossbred progeny from Pietrain and Duroc terminal sire lines. In total, 87 purebred Duroc boars and 68 purebred Pietrain boars were used as terminal sires to produce 1,823 crossbred Duroc litters (D-litters) and 1,705 crossbred Pietrain litters (P-litters) in two production herds. The sows were crosses between DanBred Landrace and Yorkshire (F1). All boars were kept at the same artificial insemination (AI) station, and all semen doses were produced in the same laboratory. The experiment was balanced according to herd, boars, and time, with approximately 13 sows from each herd mated to each boar within each breed. The results showed higher fertility expressed as litter size at birth in P-litters compared with D-litters led to 0.5 higher total number born (TNB) for P-litters (P = 0.0076). However, piglet mortality including number of stillborn piglets was lower in D-litters compared with P-litters (P &lt; 0.0001), and 5 d after farrowing, the average litter size in P-litters ranged 0.4 below the litter size in D-litters (P &lt; 0.027). At 21 d after birth, mean litter size in P- and D-litters were 14.5 and 14.9 piglets per litter, respectively (P &lt; 0.015). This indicated that Pietrain progenies were weaker than Duroc progenies, and it was concluded that use of Duroc boars as the terminal sire line led to lower piglet mortality. In the two herds, the mean piglet mortality rate including still born piglets ranged from 19.5% to 23.6% and from 17.6% to 19.1% in P- and D-litters, respectively.

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