scholarly journals Utilizing the National Basketball Association’s COVID-19 restart “bubble” to uncover the impact of travel and circadian disruption on athletic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. McHill ◽  
Evan D. Chinoy
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn March 11th, 2020, the National Basketball Association (NBA) paused its season after ~ 64 games due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, only to resume ~ 5 months later with the top 22 teams isolated together (known as the “bubble”) in Orlando, Florida to play eight games each as an end to the regular season. This restart, with no new travel by teams, provided a natural experiment whereby the impact of travel and home-court advantage could be systematically examined. We show here that in the pre-COVID-19 regular season, traveling across time zones reduces winning percentage, team shooting accuracy, and turnover percentage, whereas traveling in general reduces offensive rebounding and increases the number of points the opposing (home) team scores. Moreover, we demonstrate that competition in a scenario where no teams travel (restart bubble) reduces the typical effects of travel and home-court advantage on winning percentage, shooting accuracy, and rebounding. Thus, home-court advantage in professional basketball appears to be linked with the away team’s impaired shooting accuracy (i.e., movement precision) and rebounding, which may be separately influenced by either circadian disruption or the general effect of travel, as these differences manifest differently when teams travel within or across multiple time zones.

scholarly journals Visualizing the Impact of Home Advantage in National Basketball Association-NBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 09-17
Author(s):  
Ekas Singh Abrol ◽  
Puneet Singh Lamba ◽  
Achin Jain
Keyword(s):  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

In sports, home advantage describes the benefits that the home team enjoys over the away team. These benefits are manifested due to cognitive effects that the local home crowd may have over the competitors or umpires, advantages of playing in familiar situations resulting in better adaptability, specific rules favouring the home team directly or indirectly, the away teams often suffer from jet lag due to change in time zones or from the tenacity of travel, etc. In this paper, various exploratory data visualization techniques have been utilized to observe the impact of home advantage in professional basketball association league NBA- National Basketball Association. Further the factors attributing to home advantage in sports are analysed. It was observed that when the team had performed well at home games, the results reflected the same for away games; however, home advantage was still distinctively visible.

Measuring Circadian Advantage in Major League Baseball: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Christopher Winter ◽  
William R. Hammond ◽  
Noah H. Green ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Donald L. Bliwise
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Home Field Advantage ◽  
Major League

Purpose:The effect of travel on athletic performance has been investigated in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate this effect on game outcome over 10 Major League Baseball (MLB) seasons.Methods:Using the convention that for every time zone crossed, synchronization requires 1 d, teams were assigned a daily number indicating the number of days away from circadian resynchronization. With these values, wins and losses for all games could be analyzed based on circadian values.Results:19,079 of the 24,121 games (79.1%) were played between teams at an equal circadian time. The remaining 5,042 games consisted of teams playing at different circadian times. The team with the circadian advantage won 2,620 games (52.0%, P = .005), a winning percentage that exceeded chance but was a smaller effect than home field advantage (53.7%, P < .0001). When teams held a 1-h circadian advantage, winning percentage was 51.7% (1,903–1,781). Winning percentage with a 2-h advantage was 51.8% (620–578) but increased to 60.6% (97–63) with a 3-h advantage (3-h advantage > 2-hadvantage = 1-h advantage, P = .036). Direction of advantage showed teams traveling from Western time zones to Eastern time zones were more likely to win (winning percentage = .530) than teams traveling from Eastern time zones to Western time zones (winning percentage = .509) with a winning odds 1.14 (P = .027).Conclusion:These results suggest that in the same way home field advantage influences likelihood of success, so too does the magnitude and direction of circadian advantage. Teams with greater circadian advantage were more likely to win.

scholarly journals P075 Travel or cheers? Examining the drivers and mechanisms of home court advantage in the 2020/2021 NBA regular season

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A45-A45
Author(s):  
J Leota ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
L Mascaro ◽  
M Czeisler ◽  
K Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Home Team ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Home court advantage (HCA) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is well-documented, yet the co-occurring drivers responsible for this advantage have proven difficult to examine in isolation. The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the elimination of crowds in ~50% of games during the 2020/2021 NBA season, whereas travel remained unchanged. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we investigated the impact of crowds and travel-related sleep and circadian disruption on NBA HCA. Methods 1080 games from the 2020/2021 NBA regular season were analyzed using mixed models (fixed effects: crowds, travel; random effects: team, opponent). Results In games with crowds, home teams won 58.65% of the time and outrebounded (M=2.28) and outscored (M=2.18) their opponents. In games without crowds, home teams won significantly less (50.60%, p = .01) and were outrebounded (M=-0.41, p &lt; .001) and outscored (M=-0.13, p &lt; .05) by their opponents. Further, the increase in home rebound margin fully mediated the relationship between crowds and home points margin (p &lt; .001). No significant sleep or circadian effects were observed. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that HCA in the 2020/2021 NBA season was predominately driven by the presence of crowds and their influence on the effort exerted by the home team to rebound the ball. Moreover, we speculate that the strict NBA COVID-19 policies may have mitigated the travel-related sleep and circadian effects on the road team. These findings are of considerable significance to a domain wherein marginal gains can have immense competitive, financial, and even historical consequences.

DOES JET LAG CREATE A PROFITABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR NFL BETTORS?

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Andy Fodor
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Betting Markets

Traveling across multiple time zones, especially from east-to-west so that hours are “lost”, has documented negative effects on athletic performance. Nichols (2012) finds mixed evidence that sports betting markets fail to account for these effects. We reconsider, for the 2005-2010 NFL regular seasons, the “jet lag” hypothesis with more direct methods. We find that closing lines of NFL contests are set irrationally such that the jet lag effect is not appreciated. More importantly, we are the first to document that betting against potential jet lag teams proves to be markedly profitable. This profitability is statistically significant, which is a standard very rarely encountered throughout the literature. Consistent with our conjectures, we find these results to be even stronger when only afternoon games are kept in the sample and when division games are omitted from the sample.

The Impact of "Jet Lag" on the AFL Point Spread Wagering Market

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Schnytzer ◽  
ALBERT HIZGILOV
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the presence of "jet-lag" effects in the Australian Football League point spread betting market. Fodor and Krieger’s (2014) findings that bookmakers, in NFL betting markets, do not consider efficiently the possible impact of jet lag on team performance, and are unable to take into account the possible existence of a potentially confounding home team bias since in virtually all games in the NFL, one of the teams has an a priori home ground advantage. Schnytzer and Weinberg (2008) took advantage of the distinctive feature of the Australian Football League (AFL), that many fixtures take place on neutral grounds, to demonstrate the apparent existence of a home team bias and the absence of a favorite-longshot bias. We conduct standard econometric tests of market efficiency over games where the home team bias cannot, by definition, exist. We used the 2001-2016 AFL seasons including the final series matches, venues, and betting information data and found no statistically significant line inefficiency in the games played on neutral grounds, regardless of whether the visiting team travels across multiple time zones in either direction or whether neither team requires a flight to reach the relevant stadium. However, line inefficiencies were found in overall games in which the home team enjoys an a priori home ground advantage. Such inefficiencies occur both in games where the visiting team experiences time zone changes when traveling to the game, and in games where the visiting team experiences no such changes. The amalgamated results for both neutral games and home bias games makes clear that jet lag cannot serve as a sole factor leading to inefficiencies but merely if combined with the home team bias. We show that betting on games in various inefficient sub-groups yields returns between 1.26 and 8.07 percent.

294 Impacts of travel and time zone differences in the National Hockey League (NHL)

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A117-A118
Author(s):  
Jonathan Charest ◽  
Charles Samuels ◽  
Célyne Bastien ◽  
Doug Lawson ◽  
Michael Grandner
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Elite athletes are at risk of poor sleep which can be exacerbated by frequent travel. The present exploratory study investigated the impact of travel on the winning percentage, number of goals scored in the 3rd period and the number of penalties in the 3rd period over the 2013–2020 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Methods Data from away and home games from the 2013–2020 seasons in the NHL were included in this study. The outcomes were based on winning percentage with additional covariates including home and away games; timing of the game (afternoon/17:30 or earlier; evening/18:00 or later; number of time zones travelled (one, two or three); direction of the travel (eastward or westward); length of the game (regular, overtime or shootout). Additionally, data exclusively from the 3rd period were assessed for the number of penalties received and the number of goals scored for and against. Data were analyzed with logistic regressions to evaluate the effects of the aforementioned variables on winning percentage for both eastern and western conference teams. Results Regardless of the length of the game, results indicated no difference between eastern and western teams on winning percentage. However, there was a significant impact of home-ice on winning percentage for both conferences (p&lt;0.001). In addition, there was no difference on the winning percentage based on the travel direction and the number of time zones crossed (p = 0.747) or the time of the day (p=0.991). Moreover, visiting teams received significantly more 3rd period penalties than home teams (p&lt;0.001), regardless of travel and while travelling within the same time zone compared to eastward travel (p&lt;0.001) but not westward travel (p=0.078). Finally, there was an increased risk of being scored against when team travelled three time zones (p=0.03), regardless of the direction. Conclusion This 7-year investigation of data from the NHL demonstrates an unexplored aspect of the impact that travel and circadian factors may have on emotion regulation and performance. Translational application of this knowledge to enhance general public health and performance would be warranted. Support (if any):

Athletic Performance Following Rapid Traversal of Multiple Time Zones

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. OʼConnor ◽  
William P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Zones

scholarly journals Natural Experiment on Trade and Investment Liberalization and Soft Drink Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tcholakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Globalization is recognized to as a contributing factor to a health harming environment through a variety of mechanisms including through changes in food systems and food availability. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is linked to obesity and diabetes and its regulation is a key priority for public health. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is an international trade agreement between 11 countries. Methods This project uses of natural experiment methods to predict the impact of the entry into force of the CPTPP on SSB consumption. These methods allow quantitative inferences to be drawn in the situations where the exposure is not randomly assigned. Soft drink consumption data was collected from the Euromonitor database for 80 countries from all regions. This data was used to estimate the effect of agreements similar to the TPP. Results Eleven country trade agreement pairs were identified. In 5 cases out of the 11, the exposed country had a higher soft drink consumption at five years after the trade agreement. The effect of the trade agreement exposure for an average country in the sample in a trade agreement was found to be 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.18; p-value: 0.03) after adjusting for GDP and the involvement of the US. In 7 of the 11 member-countries soft drink consumption is expected to increase yielding an average increase of 9.0% in those countries; the changes did not yield statistically significant differences in others. Conclusions This projected extended the use of synthetic methods to the projection of future effects of policy implementation. While it showed that there may be increasing trend of SSB consumption in certain scenarios, this could not be generalized to all cases. This illustrates the wide range of effects of international trade liberalization and highlights that national policy probably plays a strong modulating role on the impact that it has on local food environments. Key messages Globalization can lead to health harming environments and its impacts should further be studied by public health professionals and researchers. Many global policies have the potential to lead to significant health impacts but are negotiated without involving public health experts.

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