scholarly journals Natural Experiment on Trade and Investment Liberalization and Soft Drink Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tcholakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Globalization is recognized to as a contributing factor to a health harming environment through a variety of mechanisms including through changes in food systems and food availability. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is linked to obesity and diabetes and its regulation is a key priority for public health. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is an international trade agreement between 11 countries. Methods This project uses of natural experiment methods to predict the impact of the entry into force of the CPTPP on SSB consumption. These methods allow quantitative inferences to be drawn in the situations where the exposure is not randomly assigned. Soft drink consumption data was collected from the Euromonitor database for 80 countries from all regions. This data was used to estimate the effect of agreements similar to the TPP. Results Eleven country trade agreement pairs were identified. In 5 cases out of the 11, the exposed country had a higher soft drink consumption at five years after the trade agreement. The effect of the trade agreement exposure for an average country in the sample in a trade agreement was found to be 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.18; p-value: 0.03) after adjusting for GDP and the involvement of the US. In 7 of the 11 member-countries soft drink consumption is expected to increase yielding an average increase of 9.0% in those countries; the changes did not yield statistically significant differences in others. Conclusions This projected extended the use of synthetic methods to the projection of future effects of policy implementation. While it showed that there may be increasing trend of SSB consumption in certain scenarios, this could not be generalized to all cases. This illustrates the wide range of effects of international trade liberalization and highlights that national policy probably plays a strong modulating role on the impact that it has on local food environments. Key messages Globalization can lead to health harming environments and its impacts should further be studied by public health professionals and researchers. Many global policies have the potential to lead to significant health impacts but are negotiated without involving public health experts.

Health Disparities and the Law: Wrongs in Search of a Right

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Bobinski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
Healthy People 2010 ◽  
Over Time

Healthy People 2010 provides our Nation with the wide range of public health opportunities that exist in the first decade of the 21st century. With 467 objectives in 28 focus areas, Healthy People 2010 will be a tremendously valuable asset … . Healthy People 2010 reflects the very best in public health planning—it is comprehensive, it was created by a broad coalition of experts from many sectors, it has been designed to measure progress over time, and, most important, it clearly lays out a series of objectives to bring better health to all people in this country.The current responses to the traditional health perils … have been weakened. At the same time, it seems to this outsider as though the entire public health establishment is united around the proposition that massive public action should be taken to deal with the new “epidemics,” such as obesity and diabetes … . But the use of the term “epidemic” is just the wrong way to think about this issue. There are no noncommunicable epidemics … . Yet the designation [of] obesity as a public health epidemic is designed to signal that state coercion is appropriate … .

scholarly journals Does the Prevalence of Obesity Affect the Demand for Soft Drinks? Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ferretti ◽  
Michele Mariani ◽  
Elena Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of soft drinks on obesity has been widely investigated during the last decades. Conversely, the role of obesity as a factor influencing the demand for soft drinks remains largely unexplored. However, understanding potential changes in the demand for soft drinks, as a result of changes in the spread of obesity, may be useful to better design a comprehensive strategy to curb soft drink consumption. In this paper, we aim to answer the following research question: Does the prevalence of obesity affect the demand for soft drinks? For this purpose, we collected data in a sample of 97 countries worldwide for the period 2005–2019. To deal with problems of reverse causality, an instrumental variable approach and a two-stage least squares method were used to estimate the impact of the age-standardized obesity rate on the market demand for soft drinks. After controlling for several demographic and socio-economic confounding factors, we found that a one percent increase in the prevalence of obesity increases the consumption of soft drinks and carbonated soft drinks by about 2.37 and 1.11 L per person/year, respectively. Our findings corroborate the idea that the development of an obesogenic food environment is a self-sustaining process, in which obesity and unhealthy lifestyles reinforce each other, and further support the need for an integrated approach to curb soft drink consumption by combining sugar taxes with bans, regulations, and nutrition education programs.

scholarly journals Quebec’s Economic and Commercial Linkages with the United States, 1994–2017

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl H. Fry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the ebb and flow of the Quebec government’s economic and commercial relations with the United States in the period 1994–2017. The topic demonstrates the impact of three major forces on Quebec’s economic and commercial ties with the US: (1) the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which became operational in 1994 and was fully implemented over a 15-year period; (2) the onerous security policies put in place by the US government in the decade following the horrific events of 11 September 2001; and (3) changing economic circumstances in the United States ranging from robust growth to the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The article also indicates that the Quebec government continues to sponsor a wide range of activities in the United States, often more elaborate and extensive than comparable activities pursued by many nation-states with representation in the US. 1 1 Stéphane Paquin, ‘Quebec-U.S. Relations: The Big Picture’, American Review of Canadian Studies 46, no. 2 (2016): 149–61.

scholarly journals Perilaku caring perawat terhadap kepuasan pasien di UPT Puskesmas rawat inap

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Triyoso Triyoso ◽  
Martina Sari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Caring Behavior ◽  
Nurse Caring ◽  
The Impact

Nurse caring behaviors and patient satisfaction: The impact of patients experience at Bukit Kemuning inpatient public health centreBackground: The results of the pre-survey conducted on January - 2019 based on the medical records of the Bukit Kemuning Inpatient Health Center in North Lampung recorded in 2018 had of 279 inpatients. Base on evaluation in Bukit Kemuning Inpatient Health Center, the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) achievement scored of 67.29% describes the service quality is still suboptimal.Purpose: Knowing relationship between nurses' caring behavior towards patient satisfaction in Bukit Kemuning Inpatient Health Centre North Lampung RegencyMethod: A quantitative cross-sectional approach, the population of all outpatient who had experienced hospitalization at Bukit Kemuning Inpatient Health Center, with a sample of 282 respondent. The variables of this study were nurse caring behavior and patient satisfaction. The research conducted at the Bukit Kemuning Inpatient Health Center UPT North Lampung Regency. data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate (chi square).Results: Knowing the respondents' statement that nurses' shown caring behavior in a poor category of 162 (57.4%), patients unsatisfied of 140 (49.4%), There is a relationship between Nurse caring behaviors and patient satisfaction at Bukit Kemuning inpatient public health centre North Lampung Regency (p-value = 0.000 OR = 4.659)Conclusion: There is a correlation between Nurse caring behaviors and patient satisfaction: The impact of patients experience at Bukit Kemuning inpatient public health centre, for the Health Center management to consider for nurses' staff for conducting caring behavior training and improve health services.Keywords: Nurses; Caring behavior; Patient; SatisfactionPendahuluan: Standar kepuasan pasien di pelayanan kesehatan ditetapkan secara nasional oleh Departemen Kesehatan. Hasil pra survey yang dilakukan tanggal 5 – 9 Januari 2019  berdasarkan data rekam medis Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara  tercatat tahun 2018 jumlah pasien yang melakukan kunjungan rawat jalan sebesar 11.169 orang dan rawat inap sebanyak 279 orang. Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara  Standar SPM > 90 % dengan hasil capaian hanya 67, 29% sehingga dapat menggambarkan mutu pelayanan masih belum optimal.Tujuan : Diketahui  hubungan perilaku caring perawat terhadap kepuasan pasien di UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara  tahun 2019Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif pendekatan Cross Sectional, populasi seluruh pengunjung Puskesmas, dengan sampel berjumlah 282 orang Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku caring perawat dan kepuasan pasien. Penelitian dilakukan di UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara. bulan Januari – Juni  2019 . pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat (chi square).Hasil: Diketahui pernyataan responden tentang perawat yang menunjukkan perilaku caring kategori buruk, sebesar 162 (57,4%) responden, kepuasan keluarga pasien kurang puas, sebesar 140 (49,4%) responden, Ada  hubungan antara perilaku caring perawat terhadap tingkat kepuasan keluarga pasien di UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara  tahun 2019 (p-value=0,000,0,05, OR=4,659)Simpulan: Ada  hubungan antara perilaku caring perawat terhadap tingkat kepuasan keluarga pasien di UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Bukit Kemuning  Kabupaten Lampung Utara  tahun 2019, bagi pihak manajemen Puskesmas sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk mengadakan pelatihan perilaku caring perawat guna meningkatkan pelayanan pasien.

Readings in Medical Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
CHARLES D. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Position

This is not a book that lends itself to review, but it should be known to those engaged in teaching diverse aspects of pediatrics. As the title implies, it is a collection of readings in medical care. The material covers a wide range of topics on the social and public health aspects of medicine and the hospital, office and home care of patients. It is a useful source of reference material to acquaint the student with his future position in the community and the impact of economic circumstances on medical care.

scholarly journals The Public Health Implications of Brexit: A Health Impact Assessment Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Green
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Public Bodies

Abstract On March 29th 2019, the United Kingdom (UK) was due to exit the EU in a process known informally as ’Brexit’. This exit and entry into a 2-year transition is a period of unprecedented political and social upheaval - with many unknowns and much uncertainty attached to the outcomes and future impact. In preparation for Brexit, Public Health Wales commissioned the Wales HIA Support Unit to carry out a health impact assessment of Brexit in Wales to support and inform its and other public bodies planning and future work. This paper examines the unique HIA carried out between July and December 2018 on the impact of the UK withdrawal from the EU in Wales. It discusses the robust, participatory process undertaken, the stakeholders involved and the benefits reaped from this. It highlights the evidence gathered and analysed including the collection methods, the complex nature of the work and disseminates the main findings from the HIA including the potential determinants of health and population groups identified. Finally, it describes the challenges faced, how these were overcome, and the huge benefits, impact and influence it has had to date across a wide range of UK and Welsh organisations and public bodies. This work demonstrates continued leadership in the field of impact assessment and spearheads the requirement for public bodies to carry out HIAs as part of the forthcoming statutory requirements of the Public Health (Wales) Act 2017 an can inform practice at a global level. Key messages HIA can inform and influence action in response to important strategic decisions. The Brexit HIA is a unique example which can inform international HIA practice.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Angelini ◽  
Francesca Pagano ◽  
Antonella Bordin ◽  
Marika Milan ◽  
Isotta Chimenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
The Impact

Oxidative states exert a significant influence on a wide range of biological and molecular processes and functions. When their balance is shifted towards enhanced amounts of free radicals, pathological phenomena can occur, as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue microenvironment or in the systemic circulation can be detrimental. Epidemic chronic diseases of western societies, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes correlate with the imbalance of redox homeostasis. Current advances in our understanding of epigenetics have revealed a parallel scenario showing the influence of oxidative stress as a major regulator of epigenetic gene regulation via modification of DNA methylation, histones, and microRNAs. This has provided both the biological link and a potential molecular explanation between oxidative stress and cardiovascular/metabolic phenomena. Accordingly, in this review, we will provide current insights on the physiological and pathological impact of changes in oxidative states on cardiovascular disorders, by specifically focusing on the influence of epigenetic regulation. A special emphasis will highlight the effect on epigenetic regulation of human’s current life habits, external and environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco, air pollution, and antioxidant-based approaches. Additionally, the strategy to quantify oxidative states in humans in order to determine which biological marker could best match a subject’s profile will be discussed.

Impact of consumer socialization on soft drink consumption and mediating role of consumer generational behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Shahzad ◽  
Jamshed Khan Khattak ◽  
Mobeen Jamshed Khattak ◽  
Fahad Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Consumer Socialization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how consumers’ socialization influences soft drink consumption behavior in Pakistan. Since consumer socialization has long been considered but it is important to understand whether the extent of consumer socialization in terms of soft drink consumption influences consumer behavior by taking into consideration consumer cohorts. Design/methodology/approach – The quantitative research is based on consumer survey method by using Likert scale questionnaire. Convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 637 is used. Data are analyzed by using cronbach α, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regressions. Findings – Overall, the findings maintain the impact of consumer socialization on soft drink consumption. Such influence of consumer socialization through social media, cultural groups and social groups encourages soft drink socialization behavior. Additionally there is also an evidence of mediating role of consumer generational behavior in soft drink consumption. Research limitations/implications – The results of this paper extend knowledge of how consumer socialization affects soft drink consumption behavior and provide important insights into how consumer cohorts should be targeted. The Chosen research approach is a limitation of the study. Practical implications – The results are of value to academic researchers, soft drink industry practitioners in a way that it will help them to portray marketing and advertising activities by taking into consideration consumer cohorts behavior. Social implications – This paper addresses an untapped issue on how cohorts socialization at different social setting impact on consumer soft drink consumption behavior. Originality/value – This paper fulfills a recognized need to study soft drink socialization in terms of cohort’s behavior.

scholarly journals Free Trade Agreement between Turkey and Russian Federation and its Possible Effects to these Countries’ Trade and Taxational Reflections

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raşit Gültekin ◽  
Mustafa Erkan Üyümez
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
The Impact

The last period of international trade in goods covers a process carried out with globalization and regionalization efforts. Many countries, on the one hand, take part in arrangements that are executed under the leadership by global actors and aim at removing or reducing conventional obstacles to international trade, on the other hand, participate in various and regional economic integrations to provide a more deep and comprehensive economic cooperation and to cope with the competition and trade restrictions which continually increasing due to political, commercial and economical motives. Trade relations between Turkey and Russian Federation is an important element of the two countries' multidimensional cooperation. The most effective attempt to raise the top level of the volume and quality of existing commercial relationships will be the signing and putting into practice of a comprehensive free trade agreements between the two countries that have not been done previously. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential effects of such a free trade agreements between Turkey and Russian Federation in terms of trade in goods between two countries. To this end, in this study, theoretical aspects of free trade agreements' effects and place within regional integration types will be considered the impact of the possible Turkey-Russia free trade agreement will be examined in a framework of basic provisions with customs duties that set out in free trade agreements, recent trade data and key issues related to these countries.

scholarly journals 4.K. Workshop: What is going on? New inequalities emerging from the COVID-19 syndemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract   COVID-19 pandemic interacts with the pandemic of chronic non-communicable diseases and is exacerbated in different social and societal contexts through existing health inequalities - resulting in a syndemic. The socio-economically weakest groups of the population have been most affected (Bambra, 2020, Horton, 2020). In 2020, most activities were focused on controlling the epidemic through a biomedical approach, and only in the second half of the year, with the onset of the second wave, did the understanding that we are dealing with a syndemic, emerge in public health, societal and lately political discourse at the national and EU levels. There is increasing indirect damage to public health due to the loss of jobs and income, the long-term closure of certain activities, difficult access to health systems for those with non-COVID-19 health problems, and general uncertainty about the present and future. Different dimensions of syndemic inequalities (e.g. mental health, cognitive decline, lifestyles, gender, intergenerational) are the main focus of the workshop, including inequalities that were traditionally perceived in public health, as well as new emerging inequalities. In Slovenia we are conducting a study on the impact of the syndemic on people's lives (SI-PANDA 2020/2021), to (1) better understand human behaviour in COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to identify and address the impact of the governmental decisions, pandemic measures and recommendations. The workshop will aim to: Showcase the value of timely measurement and surveying of the COVID-19 syndemic's influences on society; Increase participants' understanding and awareness of the opportunities and challenges associated with different types of inequalities linked to COVID-19; Increase awareness of public health professionals on the importance of overcoming the difference between the biomedical approach and psychosocial paradigms; The workshop will offer an opportunity to: Present some of the outputs of the PANDA research and outline the influences of COVID-19 on lifestyle, mental health and cognitive changes Inform participants about the benefits of the comprehensive national approach in measuring COVID-19 syndemic consequences, embedded in a broader internationally comparative WHO measurement framework; Explore traditional inequalities with new dimensions, such as gender inequalities, newly emerging economic vulnerabilities and transformational inequalities, such as intergenerational inequality. Identify possible syndemic outcome measures at the national and EU levels, while identifying gaps between employing biomedical versus psychosocial approach in controlling conditions. Key messages Present new evidence on a wide range of inequalities emerging from the COVID-19 syndemic and its approach to mitigate it. Showcase an example from Slovenia (within the WHO internationally harmonized approach) of timely measuring the right data to inform a biomedical response as well as psychosocial measures.

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