scholarly journals Visualizing the Impact of Home Advantage in National Basketball Association-NBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 09-17
Author(s):  
Ekas Singh Abrol ◽  
Puneet Singh Lamba ◽  
Achin Jain
Keyword(s):  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

In sports, home advantage describes the benefits that the home team enjoys over the away team. These benefits are manifested due to cognitive effects that the local home crowd may have over the competitors or umpires, advantages of playing in familiar situations resulting in better adaptability, specific rules favouring the home team directly or indirectly, the away teams often suffer from jet lag due to change in time zones or from the tenacity of travel, etc. In this paper, various exploratory data visualization techniques have been utilized to observe the impact of home advantage in professional basketball association league NBA- National Basketball Association. Further the factors attributing to home advantage in sports are analysed. It was observed that when the team had performed well at home games, the results reflected the same for away games; however, home advantage was still distinctively visible.

scholarly journals Utilizing the National Basketball Association’s COVID-19 restart “bubble” to uncover the impact of travel and circadian disruption on athletic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. McHill ◽  
Evan D. Chinoy
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn March 11th, 2020, the National Basketball Association (NBA) paused its season after ~ 64 games due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, only to resume ~ 5 months later with the top 22 teams isolated together (known as the “bubble”) in Orlando, Florida to play eight games each as an end to the regular season. This restart, with no new travel by teams, provided a natural experiment whereby the impact of travel and home-court advantage could be systematically examined. We show here that in the pre-COVID-19 regular season, traveling across time zones reduces winning percentage, team shooting accuracy, and turnover percentage, whereas traveling in general reduces offensive rebounding and increases the number of points the opposing (home) team scores. Moreover, we demonstrate that competition in a scenario where no teams travel (restart bubble) reduces the typical effects of travel and home-court advantage on winning percentage, shooting accuracy, and rebounding. Thus, home-court advantage in professional basketball appears to be linked with the away team’s impaired shooting accuracy (i.e., movement precision) and rebounding, which may be separately influenced by either circadian disruption or the general effect of travel, as these differences manifest differently when teams travel within or across multiple time zones.

The Home Advantage in the National Basketball Association Conference Finals and Finals Series From 1979 to 2019: A Mediation Analysis of Offensive and Defensive Skills

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Graham ◽  
Bolun Zhang ◽  
Denver M.Y. Brown ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the home advantage effect in decisive National Basketball Association Conference Finals and Finals series playoff games from 1979 to 2019 (the 3-point shot era). We also examined the potential contribution of various offensive- and defensive-based skills and whether these skills mediated the relationship between game status (decisive vs. nondecisive) and outcome (win vs. loss). Overall, we found evidence of a home court advantage with the home team winning 63% of the decisive playoff games and 66% of the nondecisive playoff games. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and regular season win percentage, the home team had significantly more defensive rebounds and steals in Game 5 when trailing 3–1 going into that game. Mediation analyses did not reveal any significant findings when examining the impact of decisive game status on performance through offensive and defensive skills, thus suggesting there are other explanations for the home advantage effect.

Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattie Toma
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Choking Under Pressure ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Male College ◽  
The Impact

Choking under pressure represents a phenomenon in which individuals faced with a high-pressure situation do not perform as well as would be expected were they performing under normal conditions. In this article, I identify determinants that predict a basketball player’s susceptibility to choking under pressure. Identification of these determinants adds to our understanding of players’ psychology at pivotal points in the game. My analysis draws on play-by-play data from ESPN.com that feature over 2 million free-throw attempts in women’s and men’s college and professional basketball games from the 2002-2013 seasons. Using regression analysis, I explore the impact of both gender and level of professionalism on performance in high-pressure situations. I find that in the final 30 seconds of a tight game, Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association players are 5.81 and 3.11 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, while female and male college players are 2.25 and 2.09 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, though statistical significance cannot be established among National Collegiate Athletic Association women. The discrepancy in choking between college and professional players is pronounced when comparing male college players who do and do not make it to the professional level; the free-throw performance of those destined to go pro falls 6 percentage points more in high-pressure situations. Finally, I find that women and men do not differ significantly in their propensity to choke.

scholarly journals P075 Travel or cheers? Examining the drivers and mechanisms of home court advantage in the 2020/2021 NBA regular season

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A45-A45
Author(s):  
J Leota ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
L Mascaro ◽  
M Czeisler ◽  
K Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Home Team ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Home court advantage (HCA) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is well-documented, yet the co-occurring drivers responsible for this advantage have proven difficult to examine in isolation. The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the elimination of crowds in ~50% of games during the 2020/2021 NBA season, whereas travel remained unchanged. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we investigated the impact of crowds and travel-related sleep and circadian disruption on NBA HCA. Methods 1080 games from the 2020/2021 NBA regular season were analyzed using mixed models (fixed effects: crowds, travel; random effects: team, opponent). Results In games with crowds, home teams won 58.65% of the time and outrebounded (M=2.28) and outscored (M=2.18) their opponents. In games without crowds, home teams won significantly less (50.60%, p = .01) and were outrebounded (M=-0.41, p < .001) and outscored (M=-0.13, p < .05) by their opponents. Further, the increase in home rebound margin fully mediated the relationship between crowds and home points margin (p < .001). No significant sleep or circadian effects were observed. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that HCA in the 2020/2021 NBA season was predominately driven by the presence of crowds and their influence on the effort exerted by the home team to rebound the ball. Moreover, we speculate that the strict NBA COVID-19 policies may have mitigated the travel-related sleep and circadian effects on the road team. These findings are of considerable significance to a domain wherein marginal gains can have immense competitive, financial, and even historical consequences.

The Impact of "Jet Lag" on the AFL Point Spread Wagering Market

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Schnytzer ◽  
ALBERT HIZGILOV
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the presence of "jet-lag" effects in the Australian Football League point spread betting market. Fodor and Krieger’s (2014) findings that bookmakers, in NFL betting markets, do not consider efficiently the possible impact of jet lag on team performance, and are unable to take into account the possible existence of a potentially confounding home team bias since in virtually all games in the NFL, one of the teams has an a priori home ground advantage. Schnytzer and Weinberg (2008) took advantage of the distinctive feature of the Australian Football League (AFL), that many fixtures take place on neutral grounds, to demonstrate the apparent existence of a home team bias and the absence of a favorite-longshot bias. We conduct standard econometric tests of market efficiency over games where the home team bias cannot, by definition, exist. We used the 2001-2016 AFL seasons including the final series matches, venues, and betting information data and found no statistically significant line inefficiency in the games played on neutral grounds, regardless of whether the visiting team travels across multiple time zones in either direction or whether neither team requires a flight to reach the relevant stadium. However, line inefficiencies were found in overall games in which the home team enjoys an a priori home ground advantage. Such inefficiencies occur both in games where the visiting team experiences time zone changes when traveling to the game, and in games where the visiting team experiences no such changes. The amalgamated results for both neutral games and home bias games makes clear that jet lag cannot serve as a sole factor leading to inefficiencies but merely if combined with the home team bias. We show that betting on games in various inefficient sub-groups yields returns between 1.26 and 8.07 percent.

scholarly journals O032 The influence of travel and recovery inequality on game outcome in the National Basketball Association

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A14-A14
Author(s):  
J Leota ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
L Mascaro ◽  
E Facer-Childs
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Time Zones

Abstract Introduction Elite athletes are often required to travel for National and International competitions. However, the direction (westwards or eastwards), time zones crossed, and recovery days relative to their opponents may influence team success. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in jetlag-induced circadian misalignment and number of recovery days between National Basketball Association (NBA) teams influenced the subsequent game result. Methods A total of 11,598 games from the 2011/2012 to the 2020/2021 seasons were analysed using mixed models with two fixed effects (travel, recovery) and three random effects (team, opponent, game time). Mediation modelling was also performed to determine if any influence of the fixed effects were mediated by another variable. The data is presented from the home team’s perspective. Results Teams with more recovery days between games, won by larger margins (F = 5.0, p < 0.001). Compared to one fewer recovery day (1.45 ± 13.92), one more recovery day (3.53 ± 13.51) advantaged the home team by 2.08 points (d = 0.15). The effect of travel on greater home team margins was completely mediated via recovery day differences (95% CI -0.11 to -0.03, p = 0.002). Discussion Using 10 seasons of data, our findings show that regardless of travel, recovery days between games significantly impact game margins. An advantage in recovery days should be considered for teams who travel more time zones westwards relative to their opponent. This suggests inequalities of the NBA schedule may be minimised for future seasons.

Labor’s Denial: A Case Study of How Labor Used the Media and Public Relations to Block the First NBA–ABA Merger Attempt

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
William B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basketball Teams

The owners of professional basketball teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA) wanted to merge the 2 leagues because a war between them over players had led to escalating salaries. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) responded with a lawsuit to block the merger citing antitrust regulations. When the owners went to Congress to ask for a special antitrust exemption, they were denied. This case study discusses the impact of communication on legislative lobbying, specifically how the NBPA used direct and indirect lobbying techniques to block the first NBA–ABA merger attempt. This case study offers a means to understand how and why some entities succeed in their public debates, while others fail. For the scholar, this case study adds to the limited literature on legislative lobbying from a communication perspective. For the practitioner, this study provides some guidelines for the effective use of lobbying.

Do Consumer Perceptions of Tanking Impact Attendance at National Basketball Association Games? A Sentiment Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hua Gong ◽  
Nicholas M. Watanabe ◽  
Brian P. Soebbing ◽  
Matthew T. Brown ◽  
Mark S. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Home Team ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Game Attendance

The use of big data in sport and sport management research is increasing in popularity. Prior research generally includes one of the many characteristics of big data, such as volume or velocity. The present study presents big data in a multidimensional lens by considering the use of sentiment analysis. Specifically focusing on the phenomenon of tanking, the purposeful underperformance in sport competitions, the present study considers the impact that consumers’ sentiment regarding tanking has on game attendance in the National Basketball Association. Collecting social media posts for each National Basketball Association team, the authors create an algorithm to measure the volume and sentiment of consumer discussions related to tanking. These measures are included in a predictive model for National Basketball Association home game attendance between the 2013–2014 and 2017–2018 seasons. Our results find that the volume of discussions for the home team and sentiment toward tanking by the away team impact game attendance.

Safe development of business and national economy in the face of a pandemic and global recession

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1198
Author(s):  
I.V. Vyakina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the national economic security of the State in today's conditions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a set of special measures for additional business support to reduce the impact of restrictions imposed against the background of quarantine and the pandemic spread, and which would help prevent collapse of business entities. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, systems, logical, and comparative analyses, and tabular and graphical visualization techniques. Results. The article proposes possible measures to support business aimed at reducing the costs of business entities due to the restrictions caused by the pandemic, that complement and explain the activities proposed by the President and Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the regional and municipal levels. Conclusions. The uncertain current situation requires constant adjustment and adaptation of public policy in accordance with specific circumstances. Ensuring the country's economic security and sustainability associates with creation of a business organization system that connects public administration tools and business support and development opportunities under the changed environment.

scholarly journals Measuring spatial allocative efficiency in basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-289
Author(s):  
Nathan Sandholtz ◽  
Jacob Mortensen ◽  
Luke Bornn
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical Model ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvery shot in basketball has an opportunity cost; one player’s shot eliminates all potential opportunities from their teammates for that play. For this reason, player-shot efficiency should ultimately be considered relative to the lineup. This aspect of efficiency—the optimal way to allocate shots within a lineup—is the focus of our paper. Allocative efficiency should be considered in a spatial context since the distribution of shot attempts within a lineup is highly dependent on court location. We propose a new metric for spatial allocative efficiency by comparing a player’s field goal percentage (FG%) to their field goal attempt (FGA) rate in context of both their four teammates on the court and the spatial distribution of their shots. Leveraging publicly available data provided by the National Basketball Association (NBA), we estimate player FG% at every location in the offensive half court using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Then, by ordering a lineup’s estimated FG%s and pairing these rankings with the lineup’s empirical FGA rate rankings, we detect areas where the lineup exhibits inefficient shot allocation. Lastly, we analyze the impact that sub-optimal shot allocation has on a team’s overall offensive potential, demonstrating that inefficient shot allocation correlates with reduced scoring.

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