The Impact of "Jet Lag" on the AFL Point Spread Wagering Market

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Schnytzer ◽  
ALBERT HIZGILOV
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the presence of "jet-lag" effects in the Australian Football League point spread betting market. Fodor and Krieger’s (2014) findings that bookmakers, in NFL betting markets, do not consider efficiently the possible impact of jet lag on team performance, and are unable to take into account the possible existence of a potentially confounding home team bias since in virtually all games in the NFL, one of the teams has an a priori home ground advantage. Schnytzer and Weinberg (2008) took advantage of the distinctive feature of the Australian Football League (AFL), that many fixtures take place on neutral grounds, to demonstrate the apparent existence of a home team bias and the absence of a favorite-longshot bias. We conduct standard econometric tests of market efficiency over games where the home team bias cannot, by definition, exist. We used the 2001-2016 AFL seasons including the final series matches, venues, and betting information data and found no statistically significant line inefficiency in the games played on neutral grounds, regardless of whether the visiting team travels across multiple time zones in either direction or whether neither team requires a flight to reach the relevant stadium. However, line inefficiencies were found in overall games in which the home team enjoys an a priori home ground advantage. Such inefficiencies occur both in games where the visiting team experiences time zone changes when traveling to the game, and in games where the visiting team experiences no such changes. The amalgamated results for both neutral games and home bias games makes clear that jet lag cannot serve as a sole factor leading to inefficiencies but merely if combined with the home team bias. We show that betting on games in various inefficient sub-groups yields returns between 1.26 and 8.07 percent.

scholarly journals Effects of Northbound Long-Haul International Air Travel on Sleep Quantity and Subjective Jet Lag and Wellness in Professional Australian Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fowler ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Kieran Howle ◽  
Adam Waterson ◽  
Joanna Vaile
Keyword(s):  
Air Travel ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Home Training

The current study examined the effects of 10-h northbound air travel across 1 time zone on sleep quantity, together with subjective jet lag and wellness ratings, in 16 male professional Australian football (soccer) players. Player wellness was measured throughout the week before (home training week) and the week of (away travel week) travel from Australia to Japan for a preseason tour. Sleep quantity and subjective jet lag were measured 2 d before (Pre 1 and 2), the day of, and for 5 d after travel (Post 1–5). Sleep duration was significantly reduced during the night before travel (Pre 1; 4.9 [4.2−5.6] h) and night of competition (Post 2; 4.2 [3.7−4.7] h) compared with every other night (P < .01, d > 0.90). Moreover, compared with the day before travel, subjective jet lag was significantly greater for the 5 d after travel (P < .05, d > 0.90), and player wellness was significantly lower 1 d postmatch (Post 3) than at all other time points (P < .05, d > 0.90). Results from the current study suggest that sleep disruption, as a result of an early travel departure time (8 PM) and evening match (7:30 PM), and fatigue induced by competition had a greater effect on wellness ratings than long-haul air travel with a minimal time-zone change. Furthermore, subjective jet lag may have been misinterpreted as fatigue from sleep disruption and competition, especially by the less experienced players. Therefore, northbound air travel across 1 time zone from Australia to Asia appears to have negligible effects on player preparedness for subsequent training and competition.

scholarly journals Utilizing the National Basketball Association’s COVID-19 restart “bubble” to uncover the impact of travel and circadian disruption on athletic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. McHill ◽  
Evan D. Chinoy
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn March 11th, 2020, the National Basketball Association (NBA) paused its season after ~ 64 games due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, only to resume ~ 5 months later with the top 22 teams isolated together (known as the “bubble”) in Orlando, Florida to play eight games each as an end to the regular season. This restart, with no new travel by teams, provided a natural experiment whereby the impact of travel and home-court advantage could be systematically examined. We show here that in the pre-COVID-19 regular season, traveling across time zones reduces winning percentage, team shooting accuracy, and turnover percentage, whereas traveling in general reduces offensive rebounding and increases the number of points the opposing (home) team scores. Moreover, we demonstrate that competition in a scenario where no teams travel (restart bubble) reduces the typical effects of travel and home-court advantage on winning percentage, shooting accuracy, and rebounding. Thus, home-court advantage in professional basketball appears to be linked with the away team’s impaired shooting accuracy (i.e., movement precision) and rebounding, which may be separately influenced by either circadian disruption or the general effect of travel, as these differences manifest differently when teams travel within or across multiple time zones.

An exploratory investigation into the reception of verbal and video feedback provided to players in an Australian Football League club

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412095108
Author(s):  
Robert J Mason ◽  
Damian Farrow ◽  
John AC Hattie
Keyword(s):  
Video Feedback ◽  
Learner Characteristics ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Test Feedback ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Coach observation studies commonly examine training and competition environments, with little attention paid to the ways in which coaches provide video feedback in a performance analysis setting. In addition, few studies have considered the reception of feedback by an athlete, or the characteristics of the athlete that may support or hinder feedback reception. The purposes of this study were threefold. First, to examine the characteristics of feedback provided by a coach during a typical video feedback meeting. Second, to measure the impact of this feedback on athlete learning. Third, to consider a range of learner characteristics that may impact feedback reception. Six coaches and six players affiliated with an Australian Football League (AFL) club were recruited. Coach-player dyads were observed in one-to-one video feedback meetings following a game played in the 2017 season. Players were interviewed to test feedback recall. Players also completed a series of tests designed to measure learner characteristics, with the intention of discovering moderating factors of the relationship between feedback and learning outcomes. Rates of feedback generally mirrored those found in previous studies. Coaches provided nearly 30 feedback messages during each meeting. Players recalled 50% of summarised feedback messages but just 6% of all feedback a week later. A ceiling effect on learner characteristics was observed. The paper presents a novel design for examining feedback effectiveness while considering learner characteristics. Given the findings on feedback quantity and recall, coaches are encouraged to adopt a ‘less is more’ approach to providing feedback.

scholarly journals Effects of stricter management guidelines on return-to-play timeframes following concussion in professional Australian Rules football

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J Pearce ◽  
Doug A King ◽  
Adam J White ◽  
Catherine M Suter
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Rules Football ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundManagement of concussion remains a serious issue for professional sports, particularly with the growing knowledge on the consequences of repetitive concussion. One primary concern is the subjective assessment of recovery that dictates the time until a concussed athlete is returned to competition. In response to this concern, the Australian Football League (AFL) changed its policy in 2020 such that clearance for return-to-play was extended from one day, to a minimum of five days, prior to the next scheduled match.ObjectiveWe sought to examine the impact of the AFL policy change by asking whether the time to return-to-play after concussion was increased in the 2020 season relative to previous years.MethodsRetrospective data on injury and return-to-play were sourced from publicly available tables published on the AFL website. We compared the number of matches missed and the number of days missed in concussed players across 2017 to 2020 inclusive.ResultsAnalysis of data from 166 concussed players revealed no increase in the number of matches missed in 2020 relative to previous years as would have been expected from an extend recovery protocol. Considering the number of days missed in 2020 relative to 2017-19 we found, paradoxically, that there was an overall reduction in the average time to return-to-play in 2020 (11.2 vs 16.2 days).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that any policy change around concussion management requires ongoing auditing to ensure clearance meets policy objectives and highlights the need for objective measures for return-to-play after concussion.

287 East? I Thought You Said Weast! The Influence of Travel on College Football Team Performance

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A115-A115
Author(s):  
Micah Kealaiki-Sales ◽  
Sean Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
College Football ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Football Team ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Previous research in professional basketball and baseball has shown that traveling up to three hours westward can hamper performance due to circadian disadvantages. However, findings in the context of collegiate football are conflicting, as some prior studies have reported negative effects on scoring during either eastward or westward travel. The current study extends the literature by investigating the impact of travel on both offensive and defensive team performance within National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college football. Methods Following the NCAA’s introduction of the College Football Playoff in 2014, data from 1,909 away games from 64 “Power Five” conference teams played during the 2014 to 2019 regular seasons were collected from the publicly available sports database, Sports-Reference. For the purposes of our analyses, we excluded all games played at neutral sites. We examined the effects of the direction of travel away from the college’s home city and time of game day on visiting team performance, specifically game outcomes, points scored, points allowed, completion percentages, penalties, fumbles, interceptions, and total turnovers forced and committed, controlling for both visiting and home team conference, day of game, and team rankings. Results Teams playing in the afternoon allowed significantly more points (OR = 1.05, p &lt; .001) and forced more opponent turnovers than those playing in the evening (OR = 1.14, p = .05). Teams traveling eastward threw significantly more interceptions than those traveling in the same time zone (OR = 1.48, p = .004). A significant interaction between direction of travel and time of day was detected for points allowed (χ2 = 12.30, p = .02), and a marginal interaction was present for points scored (χ2 = 8.42, p = .08). Several other marginal differences were also identified for points scored, interceptions, and team turnovers (OR &gt; 1.03, p &lt; .10). Conclusion Findings from our study offer evidence for the influence of circadian factors on team points allowed, interceptions, and opponent turnovers forced. Specifically, travel in varying directions and the time of day when a game is played can impact team performance during away games within college football. Support (if any) None

The Impact of Emerging Technology in Sport Broadcasting on the Preconditions for Interorganizational Relationship (IOR) Formation in Professional Football

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Turner ◽  
David Shilbury
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Interorganizational Relationship ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Environmental factors such as emerging technology, globalization, economic reform and social change are creating a background in which sporting organizations must seek to quickly adapt to manage their ongoing activities and operations. Focusing on emerging technology in the area of sport broadcasting, this research examined six preconditions for interorganizational relationship (IOR) formation from the perspective of professional football clubs in Australia. Based upon theories derived from the IOR literature, these six preconditions for IOR formation were considered to determine if emerging broadcasting technologies impact on IOR formation between Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) clubs and broadcasters. Semistructured in-depth interviews with senior managers of 11 AFL, and 10 NRL clubs were undertaken and data analyzed, coded and emergent themes identified. Results indicate that professional club managers display most of these attributes that precipitate the preconditions for IOR formation, but although these preconditions exist, there is little willingness by the clubs to formulate IORs with sport broadcasters.

scholarly journals How jet lag impairs Major League Baseball performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Song ◽  
Thomas Severini ◽  
Ravi Allada
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Major League

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that circadian clocks align physiology and behavior to 24-h environmental cycles. Examination of athletic performance has been used to discern the functions of these clocks in humans outside of controlled settings. Here, we examined the effects of jet lag, that is, travel that shifts the alignment of 24-h environmental cycles relative to the endogenous circadian clock, on specific performance metrics in Major League Baseball. Accounting for potential differences in home and away performance, travel direction, and team confounding variables, we observed that jet-lag effects were largely evident after eastward travel with very limited effects after westward travel, consistent with the >24-h period length of the human circadian clock. Surprisingly, we found that jet lag impaired major parameters of home-team offensive performance, for example, slugging percentage, but did not similarly affect away-team offensive performance. On the other hand, jet lag impacted both home and away defensive performance. Remarkably, the vast majority of these effects for both home and away teams could be explained by a single measure, home runs allowed. Rather than uniform effects, these results reveal surprisingly specific effects of circadian misalignment on athletic performance under natural conditions.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on the Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Elite Australian Football Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9591
Author(s):  
Mikaeli A. Carmichael ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomson ◽  
Lisa J. Moran ◽  
Joel R. Dunstan ◽  
Maximillian J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the menstrual cycle on athlete performance, wellbeing and perceived exertion and fatigue is not well understood. Furthermore, it has not been investigated specifically in Australian Football athletes. This pilot study aimed to explore how naturally menstruating Australian Football athletes may be affected by menstrual cycle phase. The data collected from the routine monitoring of five naturally menstruating athletes (average menstrual cycle length of 28 ± 3 [SD] days) in one team (athlete age range 18–35 years) competing in the Women’s Australian Football League during the 2019 season were retrospectively analysed to compare performance (countermovement jump parameters and adductor squeeze pressure), perceived exertion, perceived fatigue and wellbeing (perceived sleep quality, stress and soreness) outcomes between the follicular and luteal phases. Performance, perceived exertion, stress and soreness did not appear to be affected by menstrual cycle phase (p > 0.17). However, perceived fatigue appeared to be significantly greater (p = 0.042) and sleep quality worse (p = 0.005) in the luteal phase. This pilot study suggests further research focusing on the effect of menstrual cycle phase on subjective fatigue and wellbeing is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluating Broadcast Strategy: The Case of Australian Football

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Fujak ◽  
Stephen Frawley
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
The Impact

The central aim of this study was to evaluate the broadcast strategies of Australia’s 2 leading commercial sports leagues, the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League. Specifically, the research focused on assessing the degree of exclusivity and geographic reach embedded in each broadcast agreement. In doing so, the research considered the impact of strategy in providing value to the broadcasters and teams, as well as utility to fans of each league, within Noll’s framework of broadcasting principles.

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