Give me a pain that I am used to: distinct habituation patterns to painful and non-painful stimulation

AbstractPain habituation is associated with a decrease of activation in brain areas related to pain perception. However, little is known about the specificity of these decreases to pain, as habituation has also been described for other responses like spinal reflexes and other sensory responses. Thus, it might be hypothesized that previously reported reductions in activation are not specifically related to pain habituation. For this reason, we performed a 3 T fMRI study using either painful or non-painful electrical stimulation via an electrode attached to the back of the left hand. Contrasting painful vs. non-painful stimulation revealed significant activation clusters in regions well-known to be related to pain processing, such as bilateral anterior and posterior insula, primary/secondary sensory cortices (S1/S2) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Importantly, our results show distinct habituation patterns for painful (in aMCC) and non-painful (contralateral claustrum) stimulation, while similar habituation for both types of stimulation was identified in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and contralateral S2. Our findings thus distinguish a general habituation in somatosensory processing (S2) and reduced attention (IFG) from specific pain and non-pain related habituation effects where pain-specific habituation effects within the aMCC highlight a change in affective pain perception.

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Give Me a Pain that I am used to: Distinct Habituation Patterns to Painful & Non-painful Stimulation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-199546/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Paul ◽

Martin Tik ◽

Andreas Hahn ◽

Ronald Sladky ◽

Nicole Geissberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Perception ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Spinal Reflexes ◽

Somatosensory Processing ◽

Left Hand ◽

Painful Stimulation ◽

Midcingulate Cortex ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Pain Habituation ◽

Sensory Responses

Abstract Pain habituation is associated with a decrease of activation in brain areas related to pain perception. However, little is known about the specificity of these decreases to pain, as habituation has also been described for other responses like spinal reflexes and other sensory responses. Thus, it might be hypothesized that previously reported reductions in activation are not specifically related to pain habituation. For this reason, we performed a 3T fMRI study using either painful or non-painful electrical stimulation via an electrode attached to the back of the left hand. Contrasting painful vs. non-painful stimulation revealed significant activation clusters in regions well-known to be related to pain processing, such as bilateral anterior and posterior insula, primary/secondary sensory cortices (S1/S2) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Importantly, our results show distinct habituation patterns for painful (in aMCC) and non-painful (contralateral claustrum) stimulation, while similar habituation for both types of stimulation was identified in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and contralateral S2. Our findings thus distinguish a general habituation in somatosensory processing (S2) and reduced attention (IFG) from specific pain and non-pain related habituation effects where pain-specific habituation effects within the aMCC highlight a change in affective pain perception.

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Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.15653/tpg-140371 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (01) ◽

pp. 44-38

Author(s):

C.-C. Lin ◽

K.-S. Chen ◽

Y.-L. Lin ◽

J. P.-W. Chan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Spinal Reflexes ◽

Spine Trauma ◽

Blunt Force Trauma ◽

Comminuted Fracture ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

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Altered functional connectivity of right inferior frontal gyrus subregions in bipolar disorder: a resting state fMRI study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Li Zhang ◽

Wenfei Li ◽

Long Wang ◽

Tongjian Bai ◽

Gong-Jun Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Fmri Study

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Syntactic Complexity and Frequency in the Neurocognitive Language System

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1605-1620 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yun-Hsuan Yang ◽

William D. Marslen-Wilson ◽

Mirjana Bozic

Keyword(s):

Language Comprehension ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Frequency Effect ◽

Syntactic Complexity ◽

Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Key Factor ◽

Frequent Items

Prominent neurobiological models of language follow the widely accepted assumption that language comprehension requires two principal mechanisms: a lexicon storing the sound-to-meaning mapping of words, primarily involving bilateral temporal regions, and a combinatorial processor for syntactically structured items, such as phrases and sentences, localized in a left-lateralized network linking left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and posterior temporal areas. However, recent research showing that the processing of simple phrasal sequences may engage only bilateral temporal areas, together with the claims of distributional approaches to grammar, raise the question of whether frequent phrases are stored alongside individual words in temporal areas. In this fMRI study, we varied the frequency of words and of short and long phrases in English. If frequent phrases are indeed stored, then only less frequent items should generate selective left frontotemporal activation, because memory traces for such items would be weaker or not available in temporal cortex. Complementary univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that, overall, simple words (verbs) and long phrases engaged LIFG and temporal areas, whereas short phrases engaged bilateral temporal areas, suggesting that syntactic complexity is a key factor for LIFG activation. Although we found a robust frequency effect for words in temporal areas, no frequency effects were found for the two phrasal conditions. These findings support the conclusion that long and short phrases are analyzed, respectively, in the left frontal network and in a bilateral temporal network but are not retrieved from memory in the same way as simple words during spoken language comprehension.

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Syntax-Sensitive Regions of the Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus and the Posterior Temporal Lobe Are Differentially Recruited by Production and Perception

Cerebral Cortex Communications ◽

10.1093/texcom/tgaa029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Matchin ◽

Emily Wood

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Syntactic Processing ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Left Posterior ◽

Lesion Symptom Mapping

Abstract Matchin and Hickok (2020) proposed that the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (PIFG) and the left posterior temporal lobe (PTL) both play a role in syntactic processing, broadly construed, attributing distinct functions to these regions with respect to production and perception. Consistent with this hypothesis, functional dissociations between these regions have been demonstrated with respect to lesion–symptom mapping in aphasia. However, neuroimaging studies of syntactic comprehension typically show similar activations in these regions. In order to identify whether these regions show distinct activation patterns with respect to syntactic perception and production, we performed an fMRI study contrasting the subvocal articulation and perception of structured jabberwocky phrases (syntactic), sequences of real words (lexical), and sequences of pseudowords (phonological). We defined two sets of language-selective regions of interest (ROIs) in individual subjects for the PIFG and the PTL using the contrasts [syntactic > lexical] and [syntactic > phonological]. We found robust significant interactions of comprehension and production between these 2 regions at the syntactic level, for both sets of language-selective ROIs. This suggests a core difference in the function of these regions with respect to production and perception, consistent with the lesion literature.

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Associations Between Smoking Abstinence, Inhibitory Control, and Smoking Behavior: An fMRI Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.592443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Spencer Bell ◽

Brett Froeliger

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Monetary Rewards ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Right ◽

Post Hoc

Nicotine addiction is associated with dysregulated inhibitory control (IC), mediated by corticothalamic circuitry including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Among sated smokers, worse IC task performance and greater IC-related rIFG activity have been shown to be associated with greater relapse vulnerability. The present study investigated the effects of smoking abstinence on associations between IC task performance, rIFG activation, and smoking behavior. Smokers (N = 26, 15 female) completed an IC task (Go/Go/No-go) during fMRI scanning followed by a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task (SRT) on two visits: once when sated and once following 24 h of smoking abstinence. During the SRT, smokers were provided with monetary rewards for incrementally delaying smoking. A significant main effect of No-go accuracy on latency to smoke during the SRT was observed when collapsing across smoking states (abstinent vs. sated). Similarly, a significant main effect of IC-related activation in rIFG on SRT performance was observed across states. The main effect of state, however, was non-significant in both of these models. Furthermore, the interaction between smoking state and No-go accuracy on SRT performance was non-significant, indicating a similar relationship between IC and lapse vulnerability under both sated and abstinent conditions. The state X rIFG activation interaction on SRT performance was likewise non-significant. Post-hoc whole brain analyses indicated that abstinence resulted in greater IC-related activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and insula. Activation during IC in these regions was significantly associated with decreased No-go accuracy. Moreover, greater abstinence induced activity in right MFG during IC was associated with smoking sooner on the SRT. These findings are bolstered by the extant literature on the effects of nicotine on executive function and also contribute novel insights on how individual differences in behavioral and neuroimaging measures of IC may influence relapse propensity independent of smoking state.

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Somatosensory Processing in the Human Inferior Prefrontal Cortex

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1400 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 1400-1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Matthew C. Hagen ◽

David H. Zald ◽

Tricia A. Thornton ◽

José V. Pardo

Keyword(s):

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Somatosensory Processing ◽

Somatosensory Stimulation ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Somatosensory Cortices ◽

Frontal Operculum ◽

Frontal Activity ◽

Ventral Area

Three inferior prefrontal regions in the monkey receive afferents from somatosensory cortices: the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the ventral area of the principal sulcus, and the anterior frontal operculum. To determine whether these areas show responses to tactile stimuli in humans, we examined data from an ongoing series of PET studies of somatosensory processing. Unlike previous work showing ventral frontal activity to hedonic (pleasant/unpleasant) sensory stimulation, the tactile stimuli used in these studies had a neutral hedonic valence. Our data provide evidence for at least two discrete ventral frontal brain regions responsive to somatosensory stimulation: 1) the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and adjacent anterior frontal operculum, and 2) the OFC. The former region (posterior IFG/anterior frontal operculum) may have a more specific role in attending to tactile stimuli.

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Brain Activity During Predictable and Unpredictable Weight Changes When Lifting Objects

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00230.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 1498-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Christina Schmitz ◽

Per Jenmalm ◽

H. Henrik Ehrsson ◽

Hans Forssberg

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Memory Systems ◽

Synaptic Activity ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Sensorimotor Memory ◽

Memory Representations ◽

The Right ◽

Fingertip Forces

When humans repetitively lift the same object, the fingertip forces are targeted to the weight of the object. The anticipatory programming of the forces depends on sensorimotor memory representations that provide information on the object weight. In the present study, we investigate the neural substrates of these sensorimotor memory systems by recording the neural activity during predictable or unpredictable changes in the weight of an object in a lifting task. An unpredictable change in weight leads to erroneous programming of the fingertip forces. This triggers corrective mechanisms and an update of the sensorimotor memories. In the present fMRI study, healthy right-handed subjects repetitively lifted an object between right index finger and thumb. In the constant condition, which served as a control, the weight of the object remained constant (either 230 or 830 g). The weight alternated between 230 and 830 g during the regular condition and was irregularly changed between the two weights during the irregular condition. When we contrasted regular minus constant and irregular minus constant, we found activations in the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (area 44), the left parietal operculum and the right supramarginal gyrus. Furthermore, irregular was associated with stronger activation in the right inferior frontal cortex as compared with regular. Taken together, these results suggest that the updating of sensorimotor memory representations and the corrective reactions that occur when we manipulate different objects correspond to changes in synaptic activity in these fronto-parietal circuits.

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